La0.7-xNdxMg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0～0.4)储氢合金的相结构及电化学性能

采用真空烧结方式制备了AB3.5型La0.7-xNdxMg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4)储氢合金.XRD分析表明,所有合金均由LaNi5,La2Ni7和LaNi3三相组成.当Nd含量增加时,合金中的LaNi5和La2Ni7相含量有不同程度的增加,而LaNi3相相应减少.电化学性能测试表明,添加适量的Nd能改善合金电极的循环稳定性,其中La0.6Nd0.1Mg0.3Ni3.4Al0.1合金具有相对较好的综合性能,其最大放电容量达到322.4 mAh·g-1,循环50周的容量保持率(S50)达到89.98%.     

I~-的光电化学氧化与光助充电二次锂离子电池

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和粉末微电极分别考察了TiO2粉末的形貌、结构以及氧化I-的光电化学行为.结果表明,TiO2粉末晶型为锐钛矿,粒径在100～200 nm范围内.在光照条件下,在TiO2半导体电极上电化学氧化I-生成I2的超电势数值降低约1 V.以TiO2/ITO和Li4Ti5O12分别作为正负极,电解液为碳酸丙烯酯(PC)+LiClO4+LiI,并以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为隔膜构成分隔式电解池,进行整体电解并结合紫外-可见光谱进行分析.结果表明,该装置在光照条件下电池充电电压比非光照条件下的充电电压降低约0.9 V,且充电效率接近100%.该光电化学装置是一种可以利用光能充电的二次锂离子电池.     

锂离子电池用Sn/C复合材料的碳热还原法制备(英文)

采用碳热还原法制备了Sn/C复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、恒流充放电循环、慢速扫描循环伏安（CV）等方法对材料以及其电化学嵌脱锂性能做了研究。结果表明：Sn球均匀分散在絮状碳材料中,加热时间越长,Sn球粒径越大。加热8h得到材料的首次嵌锂比容量可达1014mAh·g^-1,循环15周以后的嵌锂比容量为406mAh·g^-1。     

有机溶液中添加水对聚吡咯电化学性能的影响

采用电势阶跃技术, 于Pt微盘电极上在含水体积分数分别为0, 2%, 4%, 6%和8%的0.1 mol/L Pyrrole+0.1 mol/L LiClO₄的碳酸丙烯酯(PC)溶液中合成了聚吡咯(PPy)膜. 采用循环伏安法、计时电流法考察了不同含水比例条件下聚吡咯的电化学行为, 采用扫描电镜对其表面形貌进行了观察分析. 研究结果表明, 最佳的含水体积分数为6%. 在此条件下聚合得到的PPy量大, 具有较高的电化学容量、较好的电化学反应可逆性.     

锂空气电池研究述评

由于锂空气电池具有很高的理论能量密度因而引起了广泛关注和研究。本文较为全面地论述了各种电解质体系中的锂空气电池的进展,包括:有机体系、水体系、离子液体体系、有机-水双电解质体系和全固态体系的锂空气电池;详细阐述和归纳了它们的工作原理和最新研究现状。对最新提出的锂-空气-超级电容电池的原理和特点进行了较详细的论述。结合氧气在有机电解质中的电化学还原行为指出单一有机电解质锂空气电池存在的问题以及可能的解决办法;同时展示了这类电池中空气电极催化剂的发展现状。结合双电解质锂空气电池、固态电解质锂空气电池、锂-空气-超级电容电池的结构阐述了它们各自的优缺点。本文还展示了一些可望用于单一有机电解质锂空电池、有机-水双电解质体系锂空电池的新型碳材料。最后对锂空气电池的研究发展进行了总结与展望,提出新型电解液、催化剂以及改进锂空气电池构造将会成为今后的发展趋势。     

氧还原反应中的银基催化剂

本工作较为全面地归纳了氧还原反应中使用的各种银基催化剂: 纯银、碳载银、银复合催化剂、银合金和银-过渡金属氧化物; 分别论述了它们的主要发展动态、优缺点和可能的研究方向、催化机理, 并对国内外主要的研究成果进行了对比分析. 鉴于银合金、银复合催化剂的催化机理研究较为深入, 还着重论述了它们的研究发展状况, 同时对比了不同学者提出的催化机理、催化剂构效关系. 此外, 简要阐述了银基催化剂的合成路线: 化学还原法、电沉积法和高温煅烧等, 并介绍了各合成路线对催化剂的形貌、成分、催化活性产生的影响. 最后, 对银基催化剂的研究现状进行了小结并指出其今后可能的应用领域, 展示出良好的应用前景.     

锂离子电池用Sn/C复合材料的碳热还原法制备

采用碳热还原法制备了Sn/C复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、恒流充放电循环、慢速扫描循环伏安(CV)等方法对材料以及其电化学嵌脱锂性能做了研究。结果表明：Sn球均匀分散在絮状碳材料中,加热时间越长,Sn球粒径越大。加热8 h得到材料的首次嵌锂比容量可达1 014 mAh·g^-1,循环15周以后的嵌锂比容量为406 mAh·g^-1。     

Comparative calculation on Li^+ solvation in common organic electrolyte solvents for lithium ion batteries

It is important for the electrolytes to maintain and enhance the lithium ion battery electrochemical performance,and solvation of Li^+is a key parameter for the property of the electrolytes.The comparative study on Li^+ solvation structures,energy,enthalpy,Gibbs free energy,infrared and Raman spectra in common organic electrolyte solvents is completed by density functional theory(DFT)method.The solvation reaction energy results suggest that the Li^+solvation priority order is propylene carbonate(PC)>ethylene carbonate(EC)>ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC)>diethyl carbonate(DEC)>tetrahydrofuran(THF)>dimethyl carbonate(DMC)>1,3-dioxolane(DOL)>dimethoxyethane(DME)to form 5sol Li^+.It is also indicated that the most innermost solvation shell compounds formations by stepwise spontaneous solvation reaction are four cyclic solvent molecules and three linear solvent molecules combining one Li^+ forming 4sol-Li^+ and 3sol-Li^+,respectively,at room temperature.Besides,the vibration peaks for C=O and C-O bonds in carbonate ester solvents-Li^+ compounds shift to lower frequency and higher frequency,respectively,when the Li^+ concentration increases in the solvation compounds.All Li-O stretching vibration peaks shift to higher frequency until forming 2solvent-Li^+ complexes,and C-H stretching also shifts to higher frequency except for nDME-Li^+ solvation compounds.The Raman spectrum is more agile to characterize C-H vibrations and IR is agile to C=O,C-O,and Li-O vibrations for Li^+solvation compounds.     

DFT study of solvation of Li~+/Na~+ in fluoroethylene carbonate/vinylene carbonate/ethylene sulfite solvents for lithium/sodium-based battery

Choosing suitable solvent is the key technology for the electrochemical performance of energy storage device.Among them,vinylene carbonate(VC),fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC),and ethylene sulfite(ES)are the potential organic electrolyte solvents for lithium/sodium battery.However,the quantitative relation and the specific mechanism of these solvents are currently unclear.In this work,density functional theory(DFT)method is employed to study the lithium/sodium ion solvation in solvents of VC,ES,and FEC.We first find that 4VC-Li+,4VC-Na+,4ES-Li+,4ES-Na+,4FEC-Li+,and 4FEC-Na+are the maximum thermodynamic stable solvation complexes.Besides,it is indicated that the innermost solvation shells are consisted of 5VC-Li+/Na+,5ES-Li+/Na+,and 5FEC-Li+/Na+.It is also indicated that the Li+solvation complexes are more stable than Na+complexes.Moreover,infrared and Raman spectrum analysis indicates that the stretching vibration of O=C peak evidently shifts to high frequency with the Li+/Na+concentration reducing in nVC-Li+/Na+and nFEC-Li+/Na+solvation complexes,and the O=C vibration peak frequency in Na+solvation complexes is higher than that of Li+complexes.The S=O stretching vibration in nES-Li+/Na+solvation complexes moves to high frequency with the decrease of the Li+/Na+concentration,the S=O vibration in nES-Na+is higher than that in nES-Li+.The study is meaningful for the design of new-type Li/Na battery electrolytes.