离子色谱法测定银杏叶中无机阴离子

应用离子色谱法测定了银杏叶中6种无机阴离子(F-,Cl-,NO-2,PO3-4,NO-3及SO2-4),测定中采用了Y5AB-8041A型阴离子分离柱及电导检测器,用含有5.0 mol·L-1碳酸钠溶液及5.4 mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液的混合液作为洗脱液,以1.5 mL·min-1的流速通过分离柱.6种阴离子的峰高值与浓度值在一定范围内呈线性关系,其相关系数在0.999 1～0.999 7之间.测得6种阴离子的检出限(以μg·L-1表示)依次为2.75,4.71,9.43,11.1,30.0及22.4.用含6种阴离子的混合标准溶液,连续测定5次,检测方法的精密度,算得其相对标准偏差≤0.94%.用标准加入法测定了方法的回收率,测得结果在96.4%～102.3%之间.     

高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法分析漏芦多糖中单糖组成

采用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法(HPAEC-PAD),建立了一种测定漏芦多糖中单糖组成的方法.水提、醇沉法提取粗多糖,Sevage法除蛋白,用2mol·L-1硫酸在100℃水解多糖,以CarboPac PA10色谱柱(2mm×250mm)为分离柱,100 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,脉冲安培检测,总分析时间为6min.测定漏芦多糖中单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和果糖,其摩尔比为1.55:1.00:2.10;加标回收率为93.0%～107.8%,捡出限为2.8～12.3 μg·L-1.     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定7类化妆品中4-氨基联苯

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测化妆品中4-氨基联苯的方法。化妆品样品经溶剂超声提取、净化(液液萃取或固相萃取),氮气吹至近干并定容后,通过高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱仪检测。分离柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm);流动相为0.3%甲酸水溶液-乙腈;流速0.5 mL·min-1。7种不同基质样品中4-氨基联苯的检测限均小于1.0ng·g-1。7种不同基质样品中4-氨基联苯的回收率为85.3%～111.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.93%～4.11%(n=3),在2.5ng·mL-1～250ng·mL-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r2均大于0.999。     

离子色谱法测定瓶装水中阴离子

采用离子色谱法测定瓶装水中7种阴离子的含量。水样经Ion Pac AG14保护柱及IonPac AS14分离柱分离,以3.5mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.0mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液,采用抑制电导器检测。F~-和PO_4~(3-)分别在0.05～1.20mg·L~(-1)和0.80～3.00mg·L~(-1)范围内,Cl~-、NO_2~-、Br~-、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)均在0.20～4.80mg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.025～0.126mg·L~(-1)之间。方法用于瓶装水中7种阴离子的测定,加标回收率在92.8%～102.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于4.0%。     

沉淀分离-离子色谱法测定氧化镧中氯和溴

采用硫酸溶解La2O3,以Ba(OH)2为沉淀剂,沉淀分离法同时除去干扰测定的La3+和SO42-离子.并选用AS15(250 mm×4 mm i.d.)分离柱,电导检测器测定Cl和Br的含量.通过正交实验,优化了色谱条件.Cl和Br的检出限分别为2和8 μg·g-1;测定下限分别为7和26 μg·g-1.样品加标回收率为97%～104%,方法精密度RSD为1.0%～2.5%.Cl测定结果与AgNO3比浊法相一致.     

高效液相色谱法测定双黄连制剂中绿原酸和黄芩苷

建立同时测定双黄连制剂中绿原酸(CGA)和黄芩苷(BCL)的高效液相色谱法.采用梯度洗脱,色谱柱为Waters Symmetry C18>(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm)柱,以甲醇-0.06 mol·L-1磷酸为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长为320 nm.绿原酸的线性范围为1.72～137.6 mg·L-1,回归方程y=-28 900.12 23 036.71 x(r=0.999 6),平均回收率为95.8%,相对标准偏差为3.53%(n=7);黄芩苷的线性范围为3.35～267.9 mg·L-1,回归方程y=19 940.40 13 564.15 x(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为97.3 %,相对标准偏差为2.85%(n=7).     

环境水体中亚硝态氮、硝态氮和总氮的液相色谱测定

建立了环境水体中NO2-、NO3-及总氮含量的液相色谱测定方法.采用Hypersil ODS(5μm,250mm×4.6mm i.d.)色谱柱;流动相:17.5mmoL/L KH2PO4-2mmol/L H3PO4缓冲液(pH3.5)-乙腈(体积比92.5:7.5);流速:0.8mL/min;柱温:30℃;紫外检测器:波长204nm.结果表明:水体中NO2-和NO3-的线性范围(以N计):1～80ng,r=0.999 9;方法检出限:NO2-0.4ng、NO3-0.09ng;回收率为NO2-99.2%～102.4%、NO3-98.7%～99.3%,RSD为0.79%和0.25%.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定α-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-α-[(叔-丁氧基羰基)异丙氧亚胺基]-乙酸

提出了制备头孢类抗生素的中间体α-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-α[(叔-丁氧基羰基)异丙氧亚胺基]-乙酸(ATIA)的反相高效液相色谱测定方法,采用SpherigelTM C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.05 g·L-1四丁基溴化铵的甲醇-水(6+4)溶液为流动相,流速为1 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长260 nm,以外标法定量.在0.001～1.0 mg范围内,ATIA的质量与峰面积呈线性关系,回归方程为A=31 475.6m+1 786.7,相关系数为0.999 7,以质量为0.06 mgATIA按方法测定6次,算得其相对标准偏差为3.7%,检出限(3S)为0.6μg,回收率的试验结果在98.8%～104.0%之间.     

离子色谱法测定茶叶中的无机阴离子

提出了离子交换色谱法分离测定茶叶中F-、Cl-、Br-、NO3-、H2PO4-和SO2-4 6种无机阴离子含量的方法.茶叶样品中6种阴离子用水在95℃超声萃取20 min后,经IonPac ASll-HC阴离子分离柱,AGll-HC阴离子保护柱,以氢氧化钾为淋洗液,浓度从15 mmol·L-1到30 mmol·L-1进行梯度淋洗.F-、Cl-和Soi2-4的峰面积与其质量浓度在0.01～150.0 mg·L-1范围内,H2PO-4、NO-3和Br-在0.05～150.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系.6种离子的检出限(3S/N)均小于0.03 mg·L-1.该方法用于茶叶样品中F-、Cl-、Br-、NO-3、H2PO-4和SOi2-4的测定,加标回收率在90.9%～100.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于3.5%.     

反相离子对色谱法测定间苯二磺酸钠

运用反相高效离子对色谱法测定了间苯二磺酸钠.采用C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm),流动相为V(乙腈):V(50 mmol/L NaH2PO4)＝7:93(含0.05%四丁基氢氧化铵),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长210 nm,柱温:30 ℃.间苯二磺酸钠在0.32×10-3～81.92×10-3 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r＝0.9999,加样回收率为98.8%～101.1%,RSD＝0.73%(n＝7).本法为工业生产间苯二磺酸钠提供了分析方法.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.