大孔树脂对高良姜茎叶总黄酮的吸附动力学研究

以高良姜茎叶为原料,采用乙醇提取其总黄酮,通过静态吸附和解吸实验探讨8种大孔树脂对高良姜茎叶总黄酮的吸附效果,并选取最佳树脂研究其对高良姜茎叶总黄酮的吸附等温线、吸附热力学和动力学特征。结果表明,AB-8树脂对高良姜茎叶总黄酮的吸附效果最好;吸附热力学参数表明,吸附焓变?H0,吸附自由能变?G0,熵变?S0,说明其吸附过程为自发放热的物理吸附,吸附量随温度的升高而降低,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型;3种常用动力学模型的拟合结果以准二级速率方程的R2 (0.9996)最大,能较好地描述AB-8树脂对高良姜茎叶总黄酮的吸附行为,吸附速率受到薄膜扩散和颗粒内扩散的影响,其中薄膜扩散为主要的速率控制步骤。     

半枝莲多糖脱色及清除羟基自由基作用的研究

研究了半枝莲多糖的脱色的最佳条件及多糖体外清除羟基自由基的作用,结果表明,从活性炭、中性氧化铝、大孔吸附树脂AB-8、LSA-21和NKA-9等5种脱色剂中筛选出的最佳脱色剂为AB-8,AB-8脱色的最佳条件是pH7,温度40℃,溶液中多糖含量1046.5mg/L,此时多糖保留率为88.446%,脱色率为90.65%;体外清除羟基自由基作用结果表明,半枝莲粗多糖、SBP、SBP1随浓度的升高,其清除作用逐渐增强,SPB2几乎没有清除羟基自由基的能力.     

大孔PNaA树脂对黄连素的吸附性能研究

将大孔D151树脂(聚丙烯酸树脂)用NaOH淋洗转化为大孔PNaA树脂(聚丙烯酸钠树脂),研究大孔PNaA树脂对黄连素的吸附性能。测定了PNaA树脂的持水量、弱碱交换量;比较PNaA树脂和X-5树脂、H103树脂、AB-8树脂、XAD-4树脂等吸附树脂对黄连素吸附量的大小;测定了PNaA树脂对黄连素在不同温度下的吸附等温线,利用热力学函数关系计算出了吸附焓、自由能和熵;测定了PNaA树脂对黄连素的吸附动力学;测定了PNaA树脂上黄连素在不同溶剂中的静态解吸率。实验表明:PNaA树脂对黄连素的吸附量明显大于X-5树脂、H103树脂、AB-8树脂、XAD-4树脂等吸附树脂对黄连素的吸附量;PNaA树脂对黄连素的吸附为放热、自发的过程;PNaA树脂对黄连素的吸附动力学数据符合一级吸附速率方程,颗粒内扩散是吸附速率的主要控制步骤,吸附动力学可采用HSDM模型加以描述;PNaA树脂上黄连素在0.1%NaCl和80%乙醇的混合溶液中静态解吸率为93.43%,解吸效果好。     

黄芪多糖提取分离纯化工艺的优化研究

采用温浸法设计四因素三水平正交试验,对黄芪多糖最佳提取工艺进行了优化,结果表明:四因素对黄芪多糖提取的影响顺序为提取温度>提取次数>料液比>提取时间,提取最佳工艺为:料液比1∶6,提取时间90 min,提取温度100℃时提取3次;采用乙醇沉淀法设计三因素三水平正交实验对其最佳分离工艺进行研究,研究发现:三因素三水平对黄芪多糖分离影响顺序为乙醇浓度>乙醇加入量>沉淀时间,分离的最佳工艺为乙醇浓度为90%,加入量5倍体积,沉淀时间4 h;选用AB-8大孔吸附树脂和聚酰胺为吸附剂,不同浓度乙醇为洗脱剂对黄芪多糖最佳纯化工艺进行了探索,确定了最佳纯化工艺为:AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附,30%乙醇洗脱.这些条件的确定为黄芪的大规模开发和应用奠定了基础.     

凝胶型树脂载纳米水合氧化铁复合材料的制备与除As(V)特性

以凝胶型离子交换树脂(201×4)为基体制备出负载水合氧化铁的纳米复合材料HFO-201×4,发现出现了明显的物理孔结构,机械强度显著提升;且纳米颗粒主要为针状,可利用活性位点密度相比大孔型复合材料提高了约67%;对低浓度As(V)的吸附容量与吸附速率均显著高于大孔型复合材料,对模拟As(V)污染水的处理容量显著提高至大孔型复合材料的2倍左右,并可实现稳定循环再生.     

大孔吸附树脂富集板蓝根中(R,S)-告依春工艺研究

采用静态吸附法考察了D101、AB-8、NKA-2、NKA-9、HPD 100、HPD600等6种大孔吸附树脂对(R,S)-告依春的吸附及解吸性能,筛选出效果最佳的AB-8树脂,并对其进行动态考察.最佳富集条件为:上样液pH 6,生药质量-体积浓度为0.200g/mL,解吸液为2BV量70％乙醇,在优化条件下(R,S)-告依春在浸膏中含量可从0.76％提高到12.48％.结果表明,AB-8型大孔吸附树脂可用来从板蓝根水提取液中富集(R,S)-告依春.     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化异甘草素的研究

研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化异甘草素的工艺条件及参数。通过研究HPD-600、D4020、D101、AB-8、NKA-II、AL-2和NKA-9树脂对异甘草素的吸附和解吸附能力,筛选最佳树脂为AB-8,并研究了其对异甘草素的吸附和解吸附性能,确定了最佳的吸附与解吸附工艺参数,吸附:pH=5,室温,流速1.5BV/h,溶液处理量为5BV;脱附:洗脱剂为70%的乙醇溶液,流速1BV/h,洗脱剂用量4.5BV。异甘草素样品溶液经AB-8树脂吸附与脱附后回收率为76.7%,纯度由2.02%提高到29.1%,提高了14.4倍。实验结果表明,AB-8树脂对异甘草素的吸附量大,脱附容易,可以应用于异甘草素的分离纯化。     

吸附树脂分离纯化枇杷花总黄酮的研究

比较了D-101、D-160、AB-8、NKA-9和聚酰胺等5种吸附树脂对枇杷花总黄酮的吸附及解吸附性能。在静态吸附和动态吸附实验基础上,筛选出效果较好的AB-8树脂进行动态吸附参数的研究。考察了样品液pH值、样品液浓度、洗脱液浓度、上样速度、洗脱速度等对AB-8树脂吸附和解吸效果的影响,确定了AB-8树脂动态吸附枇杷花总黄酮的最佳条件。获得的最佳纯化条件如下,样品液pH值为5.5,样品液浓度为12mg/mL,洗脱液为30%的乙醇水溶液,上样速度为2BV/h,洗脱速度为1BV/h。纯化后样品总黄酮含量达86.7%,比纯化前总黄酮含量高5~6倍。实验结果表明,AB-8树脂可用于分离纯化枇杷花总黄酮。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化仙人掌中总黄酮的研究

考察了4种大孔吸附树脂对仙人掌总黄酮的吸附分离性能,筛选出效果最佳的树脂为AB-8。以总黄酮的吸附量、总黄酮含量和回收率为考察指标,采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮。确定了AB-8树脂吸附分离仙人掌总黄酮的工艺条件:上样浓度为15mg/mL,仙人掌总黄酮最大吸附量为18.6mg/mL,吸附流速为5mL/min,洗脱剂为70%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为6倍柱体积,树脂可重复使用3次。经AB-8树脂分离纯化后,总黄酮含量从29%提高到76%,总黄酮回收率为86%。实验结果表明,AB-8树脂可用于仙人掌总黄酮的分离纯化。     

大孔树脂分离纯化藏药白花龙胆花总黄酮的研究

考察了HPD-826、HPD-417、ADS-17、HPD-722、HPD-450、AB-8、HPD-600、D-101,共8种大孔树脂对藏药白花龙胆花总黄酮的吸附和解吸性能,通过静态吸附量和解吸附率及静态吸附曲线的绘制,筛选出AB-8树脂的效果最佳;以AB-8树脂为目标,进行了动态吸附实验,考察了上柱液浓度、pH值、上柱液流速、乙醇浓度、解吸剂流速、解吸体积等对AB-8树脂吸附和解吸效果的影响,确定出AB-8树脂动态吸附白花龙胆花总黄酮的最佳条件:上柱液浓度为6.5mg/mL,pH为3.79,上柱流速4BV/h;最佳洗脱条件:用50%乙醇进行洗脱,解吸流速为3BV/h,解吸体积4BV。在此条件下,白花龙胆花总黄酮纯度由原来的22.10%,变为65.75%,产品精制倍数为65.75%/22.10%=2.97,表明AB-8树脂可用于白花龙胆花总黄酮的分离纯化。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.