气相色谱-质谱-选择离子存储法检测皮革和纺织品中的禁用偶氮染料

采用气相色谱-质谱-选择离子存储法,结合保留时间、特征离子的相对丰度比、谱库检索信息、峰面积对皮革和纺织品中的禁用偶氮染料进行定性、定量分析。在选择离子存储模式下,各种偶氮染料的浓度在5～100μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.9903。对于大部分芳香胺3种浓度水平的加标回收率为69.8%～94.3%,检出限为0.005～2.446μg/mL(S/N=3),测定结果的相对标准偏差小于13%(n=6)。该方法满足禁用偶氮染料的分析要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷

建立了测定工作场所空气中碘甲烷的气相色谱–质谱方法。空气中的碘甲烷用多孔玻板吸收管采集,经DB–1型(50 m×0.32 mm,0.52μm)毛细管柱分离后,用气相色谱–质谱方法进行定性、定量。碘甲烷溶液的质量浓度在0.0085-15.2μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为0.0025μg/mL,定量限为0.0085μg/mL,最低检出限浓度为0.0033 mg/m^(3)。方法的批内精密度为1.5%-3.2%(n=6),批间精密度为2.4%-7.1%(n=6),样品加标回收率为99.6%-102.9%。该方法同时进行定性、定量,适用于工作场所空气中碘甲烷的测定。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定烟用水基胶中15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

采用气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定烟用水基胶中15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的含量。烟用水基胶样品0.300g经2mL水分散,用10mL正己烷萃取5min。在气相色谱分离中用DB-35MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的质量浓度均在0.05~5.0 mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.006~0.027μg·g~(-1)。在4,20,100μg·g~(-1)等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率为87.8%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%~6.1%。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定饮用水中19种农药残留量

提出了液液萃取富集-气质联用法测定饮用水中19种农药的残留量。样品用二氯甲烷萃取3次(20,10,10mL),萃取液合并后旋转蒸发至1.0mL,分取1.0μL进样,进行气相色谱-质谱分析。用HP-5MS毛细管柱分离及电子轰击离子源,用离子检测扫描模式做质谱测定。用菲-d_(10)作内标,峰面积定量。19种农药在一定浓度范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.002～0.10mg·L~(-1)之间,回收率在81.1%～103.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.25%～7.7%。     

全自动在线顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼塘投毒案件水样中硫丹和硫丹硫酸酯

鱼塘水样采用全自动在线顶空固相微萃取进行萃取:萃取温度为75℃;萃取时间为60min;氯化钠加入量为0.3kg·L~(-1);样品体积为2.0mL。采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水样中硫丹(α-硫丹、β-硫丹)和硫丹硫酸酯的含量,在气相色谱分离中采用DB-5ms毛细管色谱柱,在串联质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。α-硫丹、β-硫丹和硫丹硫酸酯的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.001～0.015μg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.003～0.050μg·L~(-1)。以空白水样为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为83.6%～117%,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%～18%,日间相对标准偏差(n=3)为4.2%～18%。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定生姜中25种农药残留量

采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定生姜中25种农药的残留量。样品用乙腈提取,过NH2/Carbon固相萃取柱净化,将淋出液浓缩后用正己烷-丙酮(9+1)溶液定容。通过VF-5MS色谱柱分离,串联质谱测定。25种农药的质量浓度在0.020～0.500mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积均呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.2～10.0μg.kg-1之间。加入两个浓度水平的农药标准溶液进行了回收试验,多数农药的回收率在77%～130%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于20%。     

基于在线催化-气相色谱/串联质谱技术测定进口氯化石蜡原料中的短链氯化石蜡

采用在线催化-气相色谱/串联质谱技术建立了进口氯化石蜡原料中短链氯化石蜡的测定方法。样品以正己烷为溶剂，固相萃取柱净化分离，采用预先在衬管中填装好催化剂的气相色谱/串联质谱仪进行测定，短链氯化石蜡经催化脱氯加氢后转化为正构烷烃，经DB-5MS UI(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)色谱柱分离，多反应监控(MRM)模式分析检测，内标法定量。还原产物C₁₀～C₁₃直链烷烃线性关系良好，相关系数≥0.9951。C₁₀～C₁₃直链烷烃的方法定量限为0.03～0.05μg/mL,相当于样品中C₁₀～C₁₃的短链氯化石蜡总含量为3.18μg/g。样品加标回收率为87.2%～115.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)≤6.5%。本方法具有灵敏度高及准确性好等优点，不需要化学电离源装置的气相色谱/质谱或高分辨气相色谱/质谱即能达到较低的检出限，方法适用于进口氯化石蜡原料中短链氯化石蜡含量的快速测定。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定儿童防护口罩中环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷

采用吹扫捕集–气相色谱–串联质谱(P&T–GC–MS/MS)技术了测定儿童防护口罩中环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷的方法。样品采用4%乙酸水溶液作为模拟液浸泡处理,浸泡液中目标物通过吹扫富集于捕集管中,热脱附后进入气相色谱,采用DB–624 UI型色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm,1.40μm)分离,气相色谱串联质谱多反应监控模式进行分析检测,内标法定量。环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷在质量浓度为0.2-15 ng/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷的相关系数分别为0.9998、0.9975,方法定量限均为0.01μg/g,满足GB/T 38880—2020及国外相关标准的限值要求。样品加标回收率为91.5%-115.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4.9%(n=6)。该方法适用于儿童防护口罩中环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷消毒有效成分的批量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鳗鱼中四环素类药物残留

5.0g水产品组织样品,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠的柠檬酸缓冲溶液提取,用正己烷去除脂肪后,经GL-PakPLS-2小柱净化,旋转蒸发器减压蒸干后,用甲醇-水(30+70)溶液溶解,样液用超高压液相色谱分离,电喷雾串联四级杆质谱进行检测,外标法定量。测定4种四环素类药物的线性范围均为5.0～100.0μg.L-1,在5,20,50μg.kg-1的3个添加水平范围内平均回收率为70.6%～93.4%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为6.3%～10.5%,方法测定下限(10S/N)可达5.0μg.kg-1。     

顶空-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中苯甲醚的含量

采用顶空-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中苯甲醚的含量。取10mL水样和氯化钠3g加入于顶空瓶中,于70℃平衡15min,搅拌速率为95r·min~(-1)。气相色谱中采用Rxi-5Sil毛细管色谱柱,质谱中采用电子轰击离子源和多反应监测模式。苯甲醚的质量浓度在0.005~0.1μg·L~(-1)范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.001μg·L~(-1),加标回收率在73.7%~92.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.7%~8.2%。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定皮革和纺织品中的富马酸二甲酯

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)准确、快速测定皮革和纺织品中富马酸二甲酯(DMF)的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取、浓缩及固相萃取柱净化处理,通过VF-5ms色谱柱分离、串联质谱对DMF进行定性和定量分析。实验结果表明: 优化样品预处理条件、固相萃取条件、质谱分析条件后,该方法可进一步消除杂质干扰,结果准确可靠,灵敏度、精密度、线性关系良好,回收率较高。3种浓度水平的加标回收率(n=6)保持在84%～93%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.2%;DMF在8种皮革和纺织品中的检出限 (S/N=3)为0.012～0.039 mg/kg, 0.05～100 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性相关系数为0.9990,适用于皮革和纺织品中DMF的日常检测。     

Surface Modification by Atmospheric Pressure Air Plasma Treatment to Improve Dyeing with Natural Dyes: An Environment Friendly Approach for Leather Processing

The present study describes surface modification of leather using environment friendly atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) process to improve dyeing with natural dyes. Leather samples were exposed to dielectric barrier discharge produced in air. DBD plasma treatment changes morphology and chemical composition of the surface of leather samples. The chemical changes at leather surface are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The morphology and chemical composition of leather surface is studied using scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We observed significant improvement in dye uptake properties after air plasma treatment. Different species formed in plasma are identified using optical emission spectroscopy. Untreated and plasma treated samples were dyed with Eco-Garnet Brown, Eco-Hill Brown III, Eco-Turkey Red and Eco-Smoke Grey natural dyes. Dyeing behavior was assessed by spectroscopic measurement and by measuring fastness (wash and rub) properties. This has clearly indicated an increase in color intensity of plasma exposed leather as well as an increase in the dye uptake as compared to the untreated leather. Best results were obtained with Eco-Hill Brown III and Eco-Smoke Grey dyes. The study reveals that atmospheric pressure plasma has potential to become dry and eco-friendly process to modify leather surface to improve dye uptake properties with natural dyes.     

纺织品、皮革及其制品中五氯苯酚残留量的气相色谱-质谱法测定

介绍应用气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品、皮革及其制品中防霉剂五氯苯酚的残留量,试样经硫酸溶液酸化后用正己烷提取,用气相色谱-质谱选择离子测定。方法简便、快速、灵敏,检出限20μg／kg,添加回收率86．7％～93．1％,变异系数4．1％～5．9％。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测纺织品禁用染料

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术, 发展了一种纺织品中染料定性检测的快速方法. 以国家明确禁止使用的致癌染料碱性红9(Basic red 9)和分散黄23(Disperse yellow 23)为模型分子, 利用一步法快速制备的银纳米粒子为SERS基底并进行优化. 通过在纺织品表面直接滴加银纳米粒子的方法实现了纺织品中染料的快速SERS鉴别. 研究结果表明, 该方法不需要复杂的样品前处理过程, 能够直接实现纺织品中染料的快速定性, 且灵敏度高, 对纺织品上两种禁用染料碱性红9和分散黄23的检测限分别为0.16和0.24 mg/kg, 超出了国家标准的要求, 有望成为一种实用的纺织品安全性评估技术.     

Combination of silica sol and dyes on textiles

The embedding in sol-gel coatings can improve the fastness properties of dyes on textiles. The aim of this study is to investigate, whether it is necessary to apply dye and sol together in one step or the application of dye and sol can be performed in separate steps. For practical applications, it can be of high interest to apply sol and dye separately, because by this the fastness properties of once coloured textiles can be improved by sol-gel coatings or an uncolored sol-gel treated fabric can be dyed afterwards with higher fastness properties. For this, modified silica sols and dye molecules were applied in combination on textiles. The investigations were performed with the two triphenylmethane dyes Malachite Green and Guinea Green. These dyes were applied using four different methods – without sol, applied before or after sol treatment and together with the sol. The silica sols were applied in different concentration. It was demonstrated that the application together with the silica sol or the aftertreatment of dyed textile with silica sol lead to significant improvement of leaching fastness. Also the low bleaching fastness of the triphenylmethane dyes can be enhanced significantly.     

Characterisation of leather candidate certified reference materials for their mass fractions of aromatic amines

Three batches of leather samples were coloured with nine azo dyes that can yield eight proven or suspected carcinogenic aromatic amines under reduction conditions. The samples were milled to grains and bottled in jars. A group of five laboratories has established the mass fraction of the amines in a ring test using different analytical methods. The methods included a reduction step in order to cleave the azo dyes into the aromatic amines. Quantification was by standard addition: sub-samples of the leathers were spiked with known amounts of azo dyes of known purity. It was possible to establish the mass fractions of six of the eight aromatic amines in three of the leather samples.     

Production and validation of model iron-tannate dyed textiles for use as historic textile substitutes in stabilisation treatment studies

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: For millennia, iron-tannate dyes have been used to colour ceremonial and domestic objects shades of black, grey, or brown. Surviving iron-tannate dyed objects are part of our cultural heritage but their existence is threatened by the dye itself which can accelerate oxidation and acid hydrolysis of the substrate. This causes many iron-tannate dyed textiles to discolour and decrease in tensile strength and flexibility at a faster rate than equivalent undyed textiles. The current lack of suitable stabilisation treatments means that many historic iron-tannate dyed objects are rapidly crumbling to dust with the knowledge and value they hold being lost forever. This paper describes the production, characterisation, and validation of model iron-tannate dyed textiles as substitutes for historic iron-tannate dyed textiles in the development of stabilisation treatments. Spectrophotometry, surface pH, tensile testing, SEM-EDX, and XRF have been used to characterise the model textiles. RESULTS: On application to textiles, the model dyes imparted mid to dark blue-grey colouration, an immediate tensile strength loss of the textiles and an increase in surface acidity. The dyes introduced significant quantities of iron into the textiles which was distributed in the exterior and interior of the cotton, abaca, and silk fibres but only in the exterior of the wool fibres. As seen with historic iron tannate dyed objects, the dyed cotton, abaca, and silk textiles lost tensile strength faster and more significantly than undyed equivalents during accelerated thermal ageing and all of the dyed model textiles, most notably the cotton, discoloured more than the undyed equivalents on ageing. CONCLUSIONS: The abaca, cotton, and silk model textiles are judged to be suitable for use as substitutes for cultural heritage materials in the testing of stabilisation treatments.     

Liquid chromatography determination of natural dyes in extracts from historical Scottish textiles excavated from peat bogs

Textiles excavated from Scottish sites belonging now to the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, including seventeenth century textiles from peat bogs in the Scottish Highlands and Islands, were selected for analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (PDA HPLC) to detect whether any dyes remained and, if so, to identify their biological sources. Dye components were identified in 36 of the 81 samples analysed. Although it was not possible to identify the exact sources of the dyestuffs because of the wide-spread occurrence of these natural dyes components, the study has shown that textiles previously not thought to have been coloured had detectable traces of dye. Before the historical textiles were analyzed, an improved extraction procedure that combined the routine acid hydrolysis method with one using dimethylformamide (DMF) was applied. The DMF method enabled increased recovery of major flavonoid and anthraquinoid compounds, and very high efficiency of recovery of indigotin even in textiles with no colour visible, thereby complementing the acid hydrolysis method already in use. Extracts from historical thread samples were analysed by PDA HPLC using a reversed-phase gradient system comprising of a C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 25 +/- 1 degrees C) with water, methanol and o-phosphoric acid at an eluent flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. A preliminary investigation to improve the detection limits further for a selection of natural dyes was made by comparing results from the 4.6mm internal diameter (i.d.) column with a narrow bore C18 column (2.1 mm i.d.). An increase in the detector response was observed for narrow-bore column proving its possibility of enhancement of sensitivity.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定纺织品和皮革中偶氮染料释放的致癌芳香胺

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)快速测定纺织品和皮革中偶氮染料释放的致癌芳香胺物质的方法。样品前处理采用BS EN 14362-1:2012(纺织品)和ISO 17234-1:2010(皮革)方法,然后采用甲醇定容,再用Eclipse XDB-C18 RRHD色谱柱进行梯度洗脱分离,流动相为甲醇和水;采用电喷雾正离子模式,并用多反应监测模式(MRM)测定,外标法定量。方法优化了色谱分离条件、质谱碎裂电压、碰撞能量等,并考察了不同样品基质对回收率的影响。方法的定量限小于0.2 mg/kg;不同基质不同浓度的加标回收率在70%～120%之间(添加水平为500、1000、1500 μg/L, n=7);相对标准偏差小于15%。该方法的灵敏度远小于欧盟与我国国家标准要求的30 mg/kg,完全满足其定性定量的检测要求,并且检测速度快,选择性好。     

Extraction and recovery of azo dyes into an ionic liquid

The azo dyes are commonly used in the leather and textile industries as they are quite versatile in nature. However, they are neither totally utilised during the process, nor are they recovered at the end of the process. In fact, in the leather industry, typically about 10–15% of the dye is discharged with the effluent creating both environmental and economic issues. Hence, there is a need to remove the residual dye from the large volume of aqueous effluent. In this study, for the first time, azo dyes employed in the leather industry have been successfully extracted into a neutral ionic liquid, with an extraction efficiency of 98%, potentially providing a method of minimizing pollution of waste-waters. The extraction of the dye into the ionic liquid also provides a potential analytical approach to determination of these dyes.