酶的固定化及其应用

酶的固定化研究始于1960年代中期,从1970年代初开始酶的固定化技术研究发展很快,至1980年代初,每年约发表1000篇以上的文献和近200篇专利,所报道的固定化方法达100种以上[1].1980年代中以后,酶和细胞固定化研究的发展速度开始减慢,从而有人认为,对酶的固定化技术应予以重新评价     

聚合物稳定的金纳米簇催化：理论计算与实验的相互影响

平均粒径为2–10 nm的聚合物稳定的Au纳米簇(NCs)表现出独特的催化性能。多个研究表明，影响聚合物稳定的Au NCs催化活性的主要因素为： Au NC尺寸的控制、聚合物的选择以及反应条件的优化。这是由于聚合物稳定的Au NCs在多个催化反应中表现出明显的尺寸效应，其催化活性也因所采用的聚合物和反应条件的不同而不同。为了阐明影响聚合物稳定的Au NCs催化活性的内在原因，众多研究者关注于聚合物稳定的Au NCs催化中的理论计算与实验的相互影响。本文主要总结了聚合物稳定的Au NCs中这种相互影响的研究进展。     

乙酸乙烯酯聚合中分子量的控制

乙酸乙烯酯聚合中分子量的控制田炳寿程正贾向群（武汉大学化学系，武汉４３００７２关键词乙酸乙烯酯的聚合聚合度的控制中图分类号Ｏ６３２．３３聚乙酸乙烯酯（ＰＶＡｃ）除直接应用之外，主要用于水解制聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ），早期ＰＶＡ又主要用来生产维尼纶。我国从６...     

原子间的另一种作用力——氢键

从氢键定义的延伸、键能大小及其共价性质的表现，认为氢键内容的发展已经可以将之称为"原子间的另一种作用力"。在此基础上，尝试推动氢键教学内容的改革，这样不但可以丰富基础无机化学中"氢键"的内容，而且可以有效增进学生从基础课教学提高科学研究的意识。     

煤的化学降解研究——Ⅰ.煤的氯化降解

用水介质中氯化的方法对煤进行降解研究,考察了降解后煤的化学组成和在有机溶剂中抽提性质的变化。降解后,煤中碳、氢含量下降,氯、氧含量增加,腐植酸及活性官能团增多,使煤具有一系列新的性质。如在极性溶剂中抽出量显著增加,其中丙酮抽出率高达86.4%。     

论化学知识及其体系的可具体化水平

本文审视、反思了学生学习化学知识的目的和过程,着重指出:学生深入学习化学知识的困难在于知识的网络化水平和可具体化水平较低。如果学生未能较好地掌握知识结构,即基础知识的合理组合,就无法形成合理的认知结构,也很容易造成学生负担过重,直接影响智力的发展、能力的培养和学习积极性的提高。为了实现教师的"教"向学生的"学"顺利转化,并逐步实现学生从"学会"达到"会学"、"乐学"的境界,提出了化学知识的可具体化问题;讨论了怎样的化学知识才是可具体化的知识,提高化学知识的可具体化水平有哪些方法和原则,特别是知识的纵向联系和知识的横向联系在化学教学实践中有何作用,如何运用。这对化学教学中进一步突出知识结构,形成合理的认知结构,并实现二者的统一有很大的促进作用。     

可光交联的共聚物肉桂酰化的聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮-丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯)的合成及其水溶液的温敏性

可光交联的共聚物肉桂酰化的聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮-丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯)的合成及其水溶液的温敏性     

煤中砷的测定方法及其赋存形态的研究进展

对近10年中国内外煤中砷量的测定方法以及煤中砷的赋存形态方面的研究进展作了综述。内容涉及测定煤中砷时试样的前处理方法,砷的各种测定方法和煤中砷的赋存形态研究以及各种形态砷的提取方法。对上述有关问题的发展前景也提出了期望(引述文献35篇)。     

硝酸和铜反应实验的改进

硝酸和铜反应的演示实验和学生实验的常规做法都会逸出大量的一氧化氮和二氧化氮,严重影响师生的身体健康,为此,我们对该实验进行了如下改进：１实验装置及药品将干燥管下端接一直导管插入锥形瓶中组装成如图所示的装置。２操作步骤和现象（１）浓硝酸和铜反应向锥形瓶中加入约１５ｍＬ浓硝酸,打开止水夹Ａ、Ｂ,用洗耳球将酸液压入干燥管内至浸没铜片,随即关闭Ａ。反应迅速进行,干燥管内产生大量红棕色气体,液体同时变蓝。实验完成后,从碱液中取出导管,打开Ａ,使液体流回锥形瓶,反应停止。关闭Ａ、Ｂ,避免二氧化氮逸出。（２）…     

PPT文件的制作技巧

介绍了高分子物理”课程教学中如何利用PPT文档的功能制作反映相关知识点的动画效果;介绍了PPT文件的制作艺术,如颜色的搭配、字体大小的选择,背景的选择等,以保证教室后排同学看得清文字;通过颜色的搭配和适当的大小字体可以让学生在明亮的教室中上课,避免了上课拉窗帘的现象,保护了学生的视力;本文还介绍了利用命令”中的“自选图...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.