有序介孔有机金属 Pd(II) 的制备及其催化水介质中的 Suzuki 反应

 以有机金属 Pd 硅烷和乙基桥联硅烷为混合硅源, 在表面活性剂作用下进行共缩聚反应, 制备了有序介孔有机金属 Pd(II) 催化剂 Pd(II)-PMO(Et). 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振谱、X 射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和 N2 吸附脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 与后嫁接法相比, 共聚法制得的催化剂活性位分散均匀, 孔道不易堵塞, 同时乙基修饰的孔壁增强了催化剂表面疏水性, 有利于反应物在孔道内的扩散和吸附. 在水介质 Suzuki 反应中, Pd(II)-PMO(Et) 的催化活性与均相催化剂 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 的相当, 且可重复使用.     

乙基桥联有序介孔有机硅负载Pd(Ⅱ)有机金属催化剂用于水介质Barbier反应

以PPh2C2H4-Si(OEt)3和(EtO)3Si-C2H4-Si(OEt)3为混合硅源,在表面活性剂作用下共缩聚制备有序介孔有机硅杂化材料,再络合Pd(Ⅱ)离子得到固载化Pd(Ⅱ)非均相催化剂.在水介质Barbier反应中,所制备的Pd(Ⅱ)-PPh2-PMO(Et)具有与均相Pd(PPh3)2Cl2催化剂相当的催化活性,主要归因于高比表面积、有序介孔结构,有利于提高Pd(Ⅱ)活性位分散度,减少传质阻力,同时乙基修饰孔壁增强表面疏水性,有利于有机分子在孔道内的扩散和活性位上的吸附,导致高催化活性,而且可重复使用,显示了良好的工业应用前景.     

周期有序介孔Rh(Ⅰ)有机金属催化剂用于水介质Heck反应的研究

以1,4-双(三乙氧基硅基)苯和2-(二苯基膦)乙基三乙氧基硅烷为混合硅源, 在表面活性剂作用下共缩聚得到二苯基膦功能化的有序介孔有机硅材料[PPh₂-PMO(Ph)], 通过配位作用将Rh(Ⅰ)有机金属催化剂固载到PPh₂-PMO上得到Rh(Ⅰ)-PPh₂-PMO(Ph)非均相催化剂, 并采用FTIR, NMR, XRD, TEM和氮气吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 考察了该催化剂在水介质Heck反应中的催化性能, 实验结果表明, 所制备的Rh(Ⅰ)-PPh₂-PMO(Ph)具有与均相催化剂Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl相当的催化活性, 这主要归因于催化剂的高比表面积、有序介孔结构有利于提高Rh(Ⅰ)活性位的分散度, 减少了传质阻力; 同时PMO构建形成的微环境增强了表面疏水性, 有利于反应底物的吸附和扩散. 此外, 催化剂重复使用多次后活性仍没有明显降低.     

金(Ⅰ)-膦桥配合物光催化苄氯偶联反应的机理

寻求对有机变换反应具有催化作用的新型催化剂,一直是人们研究的热点.利用配合物作为有机合成的光催化剂,[Ru(bipy)3]2+(bipy=2,2'-联吡啶)是被深入研究的例子之一.d10(次外层电子)金属配合物光谱学和光化学的研究已受到日益广泛的重视[1,2],作为有机变换反应的光催化剂,Kern等[3]曾报道铜(Ⅰ)的亚胺配合物.我们已发现,金(Ⅰ)和铜(Ⅰ)的膦桥双核配合物[Au2(μ-dppm)2]2+,[Cu2(μ-dppm)2(CH3CN)4]2+和[Au2(μ-dmpm)3]2+(dppm=双二苯基膦甲烷,即Ph2PCH2PPh2;dmpm=双二甲基膦甲烷,即Me2PCH2PMe2)对苄氯的碳-碳偶联反应[4]     

Au(I)配合物/锌盐催化体系中“一步法”合成2,4-二取代噻唑的研究

选用了10种典型的P,N-双齿配体并合成相应的Au(I)配合物;以8-甲基喹啉-氮氧化物为氧化剂,Au(I)配合物/金属盐为催化剂,在氧化端炔与硫代酰胺反应制备2,4-二取代噻唑的反应中,考察了不同的金属盐对催化剂性能的影响,优化了反应参数;结果表明,5 mol%Mor-Dal Phos Au Cl/10 mol%Zn(NTf2)2催化体系在该反应中显示出了较高的催化活性,且"一步法"高效地合成了10种2,4-二取代噻唑化合物,为噻唑及其衍生物的制备探索出了一条简便直接的合成路线.     

SiO2负载的Pt-M(M=Cr,Mo,W)配合物双功能催化剂

过渡金属异双核金属有机化合物的研究是一个活跃的领域,人们期望从中制取对极性小分子(如CO,CO2等)具有双功能活化的催化剂.周期表前区过渡金属或稀土元素(如Ti,Zr,Mo,La,Ce等)作为添加组分可明显地增加SiO2负载的铑催化剂催化CO氢化反应的活性和含氧化合物的选择性[1].虽然一些异双核金属氢基羰基化合物已被合成和表征[2],但是关于SiO2负载的异双核金属配合物催化剂的研究还未见文献报道.我们合成、表征了(PPh3)HPt(μ-PPh2)(μ-CO)M(CO)4(M=Cr,Mo,W)异双核配合物[3](I).本文研究了SiO2负载的该配合物催化剂对CO氢化反应和对丙烯氢甲酰化反应的两种催化功能.     

介孔有机金属Ru(Ⅱ)非均相催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究

采用正硅酸乙酯和有机金属Ru(II)硅烷在模板剂P123作用下共聚,合成出有序介孔Ru(II)有机金属催化剂,通过FTIR、NMR、XRD、TEM、N2吸附脱附等对催化剂进行了系统表征;将该催化剂应用于水介质中烯丙醇型异构化反应,结果表明,其具有高活性和高选择性,催化效率接近均相催化剂,且能够多次重复使用,有望在绿色化工中推广应用.     

金团簇二十面体结构融合过程中其催化活性的演变

近年来,由有机配体保护的原子精确金属团簇在合成方面已取得了重要进展,其独特的原子结构对一些化学反应产生独特的催化效果.原子精确的团簇催化剂明显不同于纳米颗粒催化剂和单原子催化剂,是一种关联均相和多相的、原子数目确定、尺寸均一、结构精确的新型催化剂.从原子尺度上精确构筑团簇催化剂,探究亚纳米尺度的微观结构对催化性能的影响,为常规催化剂所未能解决的关键科学问题提供解决的机会,为在分子尺度上揭示催化作用机制以及准确关联催化剂结构与催化性能提供新的研究体系,具有重要的科学研究意义.本文设计和使用了三种结构精确的金团簇催化剂,即Au25(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2,Au38(SC2H4Ph)24和Au25(SC2H4Ph)18,分别由二十面体结构的Au13单元通过中心顶点融合、面融合、体相融合形成的(简写为Auvf、Auff和Aubf),详细研究了这三个金团簇催化剂在二十面体Au13单元的结构融合过程中,其催化活性的演变规律.在催化吡咯烷与O2反应制备γ-丁内酰胺反应中,金团簇催化剂的催化活性顺序为Aubf>Auff>Auvf,表明这三个金团簇中Au13单元的结构随着点、面、体的融合,其催化活性随之增加.同时研究发现,对于同一个Au团簇催化剂,其表面硫醇配体的烷基链越短,其催化活性越高,这主要是由于短链硫醇分子的空间位阻较小,吡咯烷分子更容易进入催化剂的金表面,接触到活性位点,进行催化反应.实验表明,三个团簇金原子均带正电荷,正价金物种可能是催化吡咯烷与O2反应的催化活化物种.研究发现,Aubf团簇表面的活性位数目高于Auff和Auvf团簇的,因此Aubf的催化活性最高;同时,团簇表面配体的烷基链越短,其表面活性位数目也越多,这也进一步解释了表面硫醇配体的烷基链越短,其相应的金团簇催化剂的催化活性越高的原因.吡咯烷与O2在金团簇上反应的可能路径为O2在Au活性位上裂解的O原子和吡咯烷β-H转移至Au活性位的β-H反应脱水后形成亚胺,亚胺经过水解进一步氧化得到产物.这项研究将为在原子层次上调变金属团簇催化剂的结构进而改变其催化性能提供新的思路,对精准设计和构筑高效催化剂具有一定的科学指导意义.     

25-原子金纳米球和纳米棒催化性能的比较(英文)

The catalytic properties of two nanocluster catalysts with atomically precisely known structures,icosahedral two-shelled Au25(SC2H4Ph) 18 nanospheres and biicosahedral Au25(PPh3) 10(SC2H4Ph) 5Cl2 nanorods,were compared. Their catalytic performance in the two reactions of the selective oxidation of styrene and chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated benzalacetone was investigated. The catalytic activities of icosahedral Au25(SC2H4Ph) 18 nanospheres were superior to those of the bi-icosahedral Au25(PP...     

Au的乙炔配合物非线性光学性质的量子化学计算

对过渡金属Au的有机配合物Ph3PAuC≡CR (R＝C6H4OCH3, Ph, C6H4NO2和PyNO2)的极化率和一阶、二阶超极化率进行了量子化学计算. 构型在B3LYP/CEP-121G水平优化. 用有效模型势方法和二阶多体微扰方法分别考虑了相对论效应和电子相关效应. 对基组进行了慎重的选择, 以ECP-HYPOL基组为对照标准, 在LFK基组基础上简化得到一个较小的基组LFK2. 计算结果与实测结果趋势一致.     

Encapsulation of N-heterocyclic carbene–gold (I) catalysts within magnetic core/shell silica gels: A reusable alkyne hydration catalyst

In this study, N-heterocyclic carbene–Au(I) complex, chloro[1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]gold (I), was successfully encapsulated within mesopores of a magnetic core/shell (γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂) silica gel through post-pore-size reduction by silylation reactions The post-reduction of the pore size not only minimizes the catalyst leaching during the alkyne hydration reactions but also eliminates any need for covalent modification of the catalyst or support surface. The resulting catalyst exhibits high activity in hydration reactions of various alkynes even under low catalytic loadings. The catalyst can be easily recycled from the reaction mixture using a magnet and can be reused in alkyne hydration reactions up to six times with only 52. wt% Au leaching.     

Aryl-aryl interactions as directing motifs in the stereodivergent iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of internal alkynes

The defined Fe hydride complex FeH(CO)(NO)(Ph(3)P)(2) is highly active as a catalyst for selective hydrosilylation of internal alkynes to vinylsilanes. Depending on the silane employed either E- or Z-selective hydrosilylation products were formed in excellent yields and good to excellent stereoselectivities.     

Synthesis and Structure of Tetra(para-tolyl)antimony Dicyanodiiodoaurate [p-Tol4Sb][Au(CN)2I2] and Alkyltriphenylphosphonium Dicyanodiiodoaurates [Ph3PAlk][Au(CN)2I2], Alk = Me,CH2CN

Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry - Red-colored crystalline gold complexes [p-Tol4Sb][Au(CN)2I2] (I), [Ph3PMe][Au(CN)2I2] (II), and [Ph3PCH2CN][Au(CN)2I2] (III) were synthesized by the...     

Facile syntheses of monodisperse ultrasmall Au clusters

During our effort to synthesize the tetrahedral Au20 cluster, we found a facile synthetic route to prepare monodisperse suspensions of ultrasmall Au clusters AuN (N < 12) using diphosphine ligands. In our monophasic and single-pot synthesis, a Au precursor ClAu(I)PPh3 (Ph = phenyl) and a bidentate phosphine ligand P(Ph)2(CH2)(M)P(Ph)2 are dissolved in an organic solvent. Au(I) is reduced slowly by a borane-tert-butylamine complex to form Au clusters coordinated by the diphosphine ligand. The Au clusters are characterized by both high-resolution mass spectrometry and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. We found that the mean cluster size obtained depends on the chain length M of the ligand. In particular, a single monodispersed Au11 cluster is obtained with the P(Ph)2(CH2)3P(Ph)2 ligand, whereas P(Ph)2(CH2)(M)P(Ph)2 ligands with M = 5 and 6 yield Au10 and Au8 clusters. The simplicity of our synthetic method makes it suitable for large-scale production of nearly monodisperse ultrasmall Au clusters. It is suggested that diphosphines provide a set of flexible ligands to allow size-controlled synthesis of Au nanoparticles.     

Homogeneous gold-catalyzed hydrosilylation of aldehydes

The catalytic hydrosilylation of aldehydes in the presence of PBu₃ modified Au(I)-complexes was investigated. In situ IR and NMR experiments have revealed that both, the ligand PBu₃ and the substrate aldehyde play an important role in stabilizing the gold catalyst and/or forming the catalytically active species. In their absence the reducing power of silane destabilizes the gold (I) catalyst giving rise to gold clusters or particles. Several side reactions involving water and oxygen were also investigated. A plausible reaction pathway as an alternative to the well-accepted mechanism for the transition-metal homogeneously catalyzed hydrosilylation of aldehydes has been proposed to accommodate the experimental observations.     

Crystal structures of Au2 complex and Au25 nanocluster and mechanistic insight into the conversion of polydisperse nanoparticles into monodisperse Au25 nanoclusters

We previously reported a size-focusing conversion of polydisperse gold nanoparticles capped by phosphine into monodisperse [Au(25)(PPh(3))(10)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)(5)Cl(2)](2+) nanoclusters in the presence of phenylethylthiol. Herein, we have determined the crystal structure of [Au(25)(PPh(3))(10)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)(5)Cl(2)](2+) nanoclusters and also identified an important side-product-a Au(I) complex formed in the size focusing process. The [Au(25)(PPh(3))(10)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)(5)Cl(2)](2+) cluster features a vertex-sharing bi-icosahedral core, resembling a rod. The formula of the Au(I) complex is determined to be [Au(2)(PPh(3))(2)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)](+) by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, and its crystal structure (with SbF(6)(-) counterion) reveals Au-Au bridged by -SC(2)H(4)Ph and with terminal bonds to two PPh(3) ligands. Unlike previously reported [Au(2)(PR(3))(2)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)](+) complexes in the solid state, which exist as tetranuclear complexes (i.e., dimers of [Au(2)(PR(3))(2)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)](+) units) through a Au···Au aurophilic interaction, in our case we found that the [Au(2)(PPh(3))(2)(SC(2)H(4)Ph)](+) complex exists as a single entity, rather than being dimerized to form a tetranuclear complex. The observation of this Au(I) complex allows us to gain insight into the intriguing conversion process from polydisperse Au nanoparticles to monodisperse Au(25) nanoclusters.     

Au/SiO(2) as a highly active catalyst for the selective oxidation of silanes to silanols

Au/SiO(2), which was prepared properly to have a high dispersion of gold nanoparticles, acts as an extremely active catalyst for the selective oxidation of a variety of silanes. It outperforms other reducible oxide supported gold catalysts thanks to the affinity of the silica support to the silane substrate.