共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
石墨烯和氧化石墨烯由于特殊的电子、光学、力学性能已成为当今科学研究的热点.重点综述了近年来石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的表面功能化改性研究进展.首先介绍了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的基本结构与性质.然后将表面功能化分为非共价键结合改性、共价键结合改性和元素掺杂改性.非共价键结合的功能化改性分为四类:π-π键相互作用、氢键作用、离子键作用以及静电作用.共价键结合的功能化改性分为四类:碳骨架功能化、羟基功能化、羧基功能化和环氧基功能化.元素掺杂改性分为N、B、P等不同元素的掺杂功能化.总结了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯基体与改性分子的相互作用和反应类型,以及改性产物的性能与应用.最后对石墨烯和氧化石墨烯在表面功能化改性方面的发展前景作了展望和预测. 相似文献
2.
以天然鳞状石墨为原料,采用化学氧化法合成氧化石墨,在此基础上采用低温热解膨胀结合微波加热乙二醇还原法合成石墨烯(Gr)以及铂/石墨烯(Pt/Gr)复合材料。SEM和TEM显示所制备的石墨烯为层状结构的半透明薄膜。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)分别确定氧化石墨、膨胀石墨及石墨烯表面含氧官能团的数量和性质。以所制备的碳氧原子比5.94的石墨烯作为载体制备出可用于质子交换膜燃料电池的高负载量的Pt/Gr催化剂,在铂载量高达60%时,表面铂粒子依然具有高分散性,平均粒径为3.8 nm。 相似文献
3.
分别采用改进Hummers方法和水热还原法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)。 GO和RGO经透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(IR)、荧光发射和激发光谱(PL、PLE)等技术手段进行了表征。 荧光发射光谱显示,氧化石墨烯(GO)在可见光的激发下可以得到波长在600~800 nm范围内的宽谱近红外荧光。 通过比较氧化石墨烯水热还原前后的光谱变化,发现氧化石墨烯近红外荧光起源于氧化石墨烯的表面含氧基团,如C=O、COOH。 近红外荧光穿透性好、对生物组织损坏小,非常适合于生物成像,预示着氧化石墨烯在生物成像方面的应用潜力。 相似文献
4.
The article presents comparison of structural and electrical properties of fluorinated graphene (FG), graphene oxide (GO), and graphene films functionalized with N-methylpyrrolidone (G-NMP). The obtained functionalized graphene films were continuous, having no ruptures, their thickness was 20–50 nm. Fluorinated films are formed from fluorinated areas and corrugated graphene islets. The size and shape of microstructures on G-NMP surfaces depend on the duration of NMP treatment. GO films demonstrate a rippled surface morphology. The resistance of all films of functionalized graphene exceeds that of pristine graphene films (several kilohms). GO and FG films exhibit dielectric properties. Current-voltage characteristics of FG demonstrate two features: stepwise current increase and negative differential resistance (NDR). Functionalized graphene can be used in flexible electronics, particularly in planar printing technologies. 相似文献
5.
Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene and Graphene Oxide for Energy Storage and Electrochemistry Applications 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Adriano Ambrosi Prof. Martin Pumera 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(1):153-159
Top‐down methods are of key importance for large‐scale graphene and graphene oxide preparation. Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has lately gained much interest because of the simplicity of execution, the short process time, and the good quality of graphene that can be obtained. Here, we test three different electrolytes, that is, H2SO4, Na2SO4, and LiClO4, with a common exfoliation procedure to evaluate the difference in structural and chemical properties that result for the graphene. The properties are analyzed by means of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We then tested the graphene materials for electrochemical applications, measuring the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rates with a Fe(CN)63?/4? redox probe, and their capacitive behavior in alkaline solutions. We correlate the electrochemical features with the presence of structural defects and oxygen functionalities on the graphene materials. In particular, the use of LiClO4 during the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite allowed the formation of highly oxidized graphene with a C/O ratio close to 4.0 and represents a possible avenue for the mass production of graphene oxide as valid alternative to the current laborious and dangerous chemical procedures, which also have limited scalability. 相似文献
6.
7.
Aditi Saraswat Dr. K. Pramoda Koyendrila Debnath Swaraj Servottam Prof. Umesh V. Waghmare Prof. C. N. R. Rao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(29):6499-6503
The recently discovered twisted graphene has attracted considerable interest. A simple chemical route was found to prepare twisted graphene by covalently linking layers of exfoliated graphene containing surface carboxyl groups with an amine-containing linker (trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane). The twisted graphene shows the expected selected area electron diffraction pattern with sets of diffraction spots out with different angular spacings, unlike graphene, which shows a hexagonal pattern. Twisted multilayer graphene oxide could be prepared by the above procedure. Twisted boron nitride, prepared by cross-linking layers of boron nitride (BN) containing surface amino groups with oxalic acid linker, exhibited a diffraction pattern comparable to that of twisted graphene. First-principles DFT calculations threw light on the structures and the nature of interactions associated with twisted graphene/BN obtained by covalent linking of layers. 相似文献
8.
石墨烯是继碳纳米管之后出现的新一代碳同素异形体,是碳原子以SP2杂化轨道组成的具有六角形蜂巢晶格结构的二维纳米材料,具有良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性和高比表面积.氧化石墨是用强氧化剂氧化鳞片石墨而获得的石墨衍生物,同样是一层状共价化合物,其表面有丰富的含氧宫能团.近年来,氧化石墨和石墨烯在有机小分子、金属离子和生物大分子分离富集方面的应用已有文献报道.该文简要介绍了氧化石墨以及石墨烯的制备方法,并详细概述了其在固相萃取、固相微萃取、磁性固相萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取等样品前处理技术中的应用. 相似文献
9.
Dr. Siegfried Eigler Prof. Dr. Andreas Hirsch 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(30):7720-7738
The chemical production of graphene as well as its controlled wet chemical modification is a challenge for synthetic chemists. Furthermore, the characterization of reaction products requires sophisticated analytical methods. In this Review we first describe the structure of graphene and graphene oxide and then outline the most important synthetic methods that are used for the production of these carbon‐based nanomaterials. We summarize the state‐of‐the‐art for their chemical functionalization by noncovalent and covalent approaches. We put special emphasis on the differentiation of the terms graphite, graphene, graphite oxide, and graphene oxide. An improved fundamental knowledge of the structure and the chemical properties of graphene and graphene oxide is an important prerequisite for the development of practical applications. 相似文献
10.
《Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science》2014,19(2):163-174
Aqueous dispersions of graphene are of interest to afford environmentally safe handing of graphene for coating, composite, and other material applications. The dispersion of graphene in water and some other solvents using surfactants, polymers, and other dispersants is reviewed and results show that nearly completely exfoliated graphene may be obtained at concentrations from 0.001 to 5% by weight in water. The molecular features promoting good dispersion are reviewed. A critical review of optical extinction shows that the visible absorption coefficients of graphene have been reported over the ranges of 12 to 66 cm2/mg at various wavelengths. The practice of energetically activating graphene in various solvents with various stabilizers followed by centrifugation to isolate the “good” dispersion components is fine for producing samples amenable to TEM analysis and quantification, but cannot be expected to drive value added production of products on the kg or higher scale. Such approaches lack practical application and often involve 90–99% wasted graphene. However, alternative approaches omitting centrifugation are yielding dispersions 0.5 to 5% by weight graphene, with higher yields likely in the near future. These dispersions yield effective extinctions of about 49 cm2/mg, in conformity with macroscopic optical analysis of single and few layer graphene. 相似文献
11.
Graphene has attracted increasing attention in multidisciplinary studies because of its unique physical and chemical properties. Herein, the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene (NAP), anthracene (ANT), and pyrene (PYR), on reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) and graphene oxides (GOs) as a function of pH, humic acid (HA), and temperature were elucidated by means of a batch technique. For comparison, nonpolar and nonporous graphite were also employed in this study. The increasing of pH from 2 to 11 did not influence the adsorption of PAHs on rGOs, whereas the suppressed adsorption of NAP on rGOs was observed both in the presence of HA and under high‐temperature conditions. Adsorption isotherms of PAHs on rGOs were in accordance with the Polanyi–Dubinin–Ashtahhov (PDA) model, providing evidence that pore filling and flat surface adsorption were involved. The saturated adsorbed capacities (in mmol g?1) of rGOs for PAHs calculated from the PDA model significantly decreased in the order of NAP>PYR>ANT, which was comparable to the results of theoretical calculations. The pore‐filling mechanism dominates the adsorption of NAP on rGOs, but the adsorption mechanisms of ANT and PYR on rGOs are flat surface adsorption. 相似文献
12.
Catheline A Vallés C Drummond C Ortolani L Morandi V Marcaccio M Iurlo M Paolucci F Pénicaud A 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(19):5470-5472
Thermodynamics drive the spontaneous dissolution of a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) KC(8) in NMP to form stable solutions. Reduction potential of graphene is measured at +22 mV vs. SCE. Single layer graphene flakes (ca. 1 μm(2)) have been unambiguously identified by electron diffraction. 相似文献
13.
Christian Punckt Michael A. Pope Jun Liu Yuehe Lin Ilhan A. Aksay 《Electroanalysis》2010,22(23):2834-2841
Graphene‐based electrodes have recently gained popularity due to their superior electrochemical properties. However, the exact mechanisms of electrochemical activity are not yet understood. Here, we present data from NADH oxidation and ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe experiments to demonstrate that both (i) the porosity of the graphene electrodes, as effected by the packing morphology, and (ii) the functional group and the lattice defect concentration play a significant role on their electrochemical performance. 相似文献
14.
石墨烯的制备及石墨烯修饰电极对p-苯二酚的催化氧化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用氨水还原氧化石墨烯(GO)制备石墨烯(GN), 并考察石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(GN/GCE)电催化氧化p-苯二酚(HQ)的性能. 利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、比表面分析(BET)和电分析化学测试等技术对GN结构、表面形貌和电化学行为进行了表征. 采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲溶出伏安法(DPV)研究GN/GCE对HQ的电催化氧化性能. 结果表明, 与裸玻碳电极(GCE)相比, [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-在GN/GCE上电荷转移电阻为75.0 Ω·cm2, 减小约9倍, 说明GN具有良好导电性; 同时HQ在GN/GCE上氧化峰电位负移, 还原峰电位正移, 峰电位差ΔEp减小165 mV, 且氧化还原峰电流(Ipa和Ipc)均增大, HQ电化学氧化可逆性明显改善, 表明GN/GCE对HQ氧化具有显著电催化作用. 相似文献
15.
16.
《化学:亚洲杂志》2017,12(18):2343-2353
Graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are attractive fluorophores that are inexpensive, nontoxic, photostable, water‐soluble, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. They find extensive applications in fluorescent biosensors and chemosensors, in which they serve as either fluorophores or quenchers. As fluorophores, they display tunable photoluminescence emission and the “giant red‐edge effect”. As quenchers, they exhibit a remarkable quenching efficiency through either electron transfer or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. In this review, the origin of fluorescence and the mechanism of excitation wavelength‐dependent fluorescence of graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are discussed. Sensor design strategies based on graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are presented. The applications of these sensors in health care, the environment, agriculture, and food safety are highlighted. 相似文献
17.
石墨烯及氧化石墨烯由于其独有的性质在分离膜领域引起广泛关注。本文综合分析了石墨烯及氧化石墨烯在分离膜改性方面的几种典型应用,即共混膜、多孔石墨烯膜和层状排列氧化石墨烯膜,并结合其制备方法、效能和作用机理进行阐述。结果表明,相转化法制备的共混膜可以提高膜通量和截留率、增加膜的亲水性并有效抑制膜污染,但是其并不能充分发挥氧化石墨烯独有的结构和性能优势,具有一定的局限性;层薄和机械性能强的完美结合使石墨烯可以通过打孔形成分离性能较好的多孔石墨烯膜,但是制备大片石墨烯的难度和不成熟的打孔技术限制了其进一步发展;而层状排列的氧化石墨烯膜可充分发挥氧化石墨烯材料的特性,以层间间距作为主要运输通道有利于充分发挥氧化石墨烯高输运速率的优点和高选择性的特性,为开创下一代高通量、高选择性、强抗污染性的高性能分离膜提供了重要思路。 相似文献
18.
19.
采用光化学还原方法制备了图案化的石墨烯薄膜.研究了光还原氧化石墨烯薄膜(PRGO)的热稳定性和发光性质.热重分析(TGA)结果表明,光化学还原主要引起氧化石墨烯(GO)氧化基团的减少,而对GO内水含量影响较小;发光(PL)测试结果表明,不同激发条件下,PRGO的发光与GO相比表现出了不同的变化规律:在波长514 nm的光激发下,PRGO的发光强度比GO明显降低,同时伴随着发光峰峰位红移;而在波长830 nm的光激发下,PRGO的发光强度比GO略有增强,并且发光峰峰位无明显变化,此结果表明不同尺寸的碳团簇局域态(sp2C团簇)的光还原反应活性不同,这与GO特殊的能带结构密切相关. 相似文献
20.
István Hargittai 《Structural chemistry》2010,21(6):1151-1154
The first production of graphene was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. This discovery has implications for chemistry
and within it for structural chemistry as well. 相似文献