二维硫化钼基原子晶体材料的化学气相沉积法制备及其器件

二维过渡族金属硫属化合物因其带隙具有强烈的层数依赖性而在电子器件方面具有广泛的应用前景.其中单层二硫化钼(MoS₂)是该系列材料中最典型的一种直接带隙半导体,它具有优异的光、电、磁、热和力学性能.二维MoS₂有望在光电探测、光伏器件、场效应晶体管、存储器件、谷电子和自旋器件、温差电器件、微纳机电器件和系统等方面得以广泛应用.化学气相沉积(CVD)法已成为制备二维过渡族金属硫属化合物如MoS₂、MoSe₂、WS₂和WSe₂等原子层薄膜的主要手段,尤其科学界利用CVD法对二维MoS₂材料进行了深入的制备探索,通过该方法制备的MoS₂薄膜在电子和光电器件方面已经有广泛研究.本文将从二维MoS₂的基本物性出发,详细介绍CVD法制备MoS₂的各种工艺过程,如热分解硫代硫酸盐法、硫化Mo(MoO_3-x)薄膜制备法、MoO_3-x粉体与硫属前驱体气相合成法和钼箔表面直接硫化法,并介绍了基于MoS₂的二维异质结构筑方法.在制备材料的基础上,详细阐述了二维MoS₂在场效应晶体管、光电探测器、柔性电子器件以及异质结器件方面的应用,并展望了二维材料在半导体器件中的应用前景.     

类石墨烯二硫化钨薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备及其应用

类石墨烯过渡金属硫属化合物如MoS₂、WS₂、MoSe₂、WSe₂等因为具有层数依赖的带隙结构而受到了广泛关注。尤其是本征态的WS₂为双极性半导体,它同时具有n型和p型电输运特性,有望在电子电路、存储器件、光电探测和光伏器件方面得以广泛应用。近年来,化学气相沉积技术已经被广泛用于制备大面积二维硫属化合物(如MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂ 和WSe₂)原子层薄膜。目前关于其他二维材料体系的综述文献介绍较多,但是针对WS₂介绍的综述文献还鲜有报道。因此,本文综述了类石墨烯WS₂薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备和相关器件的国内外研究进展,讨论了WS₂薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备机理及生长因素如硫粉含量、载气的成分、反应温度、基底材料等对薄膜成膜质量的影响,介绍了WS₂薄膜在晶体管、光电器件及与其他二维材料构成的异质结构器件的最新研究成果,并对可能存在的问题进行了分析和述评。     

二维硫化钼的溶液法制备及其复合材料在光、电催化领域的应用

作为二维（2D）过渡金属硫族化合物（TMDs）的成员之一,MoS₂因其独特的物理化学性质及在自然界中丰富的含量成为目前研究最广泛的一种半导体。凭借超薄的层状结构和可调控的禁带宽度,单层和多层的二维MoS₂纳米材料在众多研究领域都备受关注。基于溶液法的合成工艺（如超声辅助液相剥离和湿化学合成法）有望实现大规模、高产量地制备二维MoS₂纳米材料,更重要的是,基于溶液法合成的二维MoS₂纳米材料便于作为模板或者载体来制备功能性复合纳米材料,有利于进一步提升其在相关应用中的性能。本文重点介绍了基于溶液制备二维MoS₂纳米材料的各种合成方法,同时特别关注了溶液法制备的二维MoS₂复合纳米材料及其在光、电催化方面的应用,并展望了溶液法合成二维MoS₂及其复合材料的应用前景和挑战。     

二硫化钼二维原子晶体化学掺杂研究进展

以二硫化钼（MoS₂）为代表的半导体二维过渡金属硫族化合物（TMDCs）具有优异的光电特性,在新型电子器件领域展示出广阔的应用前景。二维MoS₂的性能调控与功能协同是实现其在电子器件领域实用化的关键。化学掺杂是调控二维MoS₂的性能并丰富其材料特性最为直接而有效的方法之一。本文重点介绍了基于表面电荷转移、面内取代以及层间插层策略的掺杂方法,讨论了各种掺杂方法的基本原理、最新进展以及局限性,最后展望了二维MoS₂掺杂研究面临的挑战与发展方向。     

二硫化钼薄膜的刻蚀方法及其应用

过渡金属硫化物因能带结构与层数具有明显的依赖关系而受到广泛关注,尤其是二维二硫化钼（MoS₂）薄膜因其优良的光电性能而成为研究热点。目前,化学气相沉积法（CVD）和剥离法已成为制备MoS₂薄膜的主要方法,但这两种方法均存在难以精确控制MoS₂层数的问题,研究证实通过刻蚀手段能够对MoS₂薄膜层数进行进一步加工,从而得到单层或特定层数的样品。本文综述了基于不同刻蚀原理的MoS₂薄膜刻蚀技术的国内外研究进展,分析讨论了不同刻蚀技术对刻蚀后MoS₂薄膜质量的影响,介绍了MoS₂刻蚀方法在场效应晶体管（FET）以及其他光电器件领域的实际应用和发展前景,最后对将来研究中需要着力解决的问题进行了展望。     

过渡金属硫化物相关电催化剂的设计与应用研究（英文）

自从国际社会提出“碳达峰、碳中和”目标以来,人们越来越意识到节约资源、保护环境、开发新能源的必要性.氢能(H₂)作为最具竞争力的清洁能源之一,引起了研究人员的广泛关注.电化学全解水被认为是一种利用风能和太阳能产生氢气的有效技术,其主要由两个半反应组成:析氧反应(OER)和析氢反应(HER).然而,在实际工业化生产过程中阳极反应动力学OER慢,能量转换效率低,阴极反应稳定性差,导致经济效益不理想,因此,急需开发和探索耐久高效的电催化剂.过渡金属硫化物因具有独特的结构特征、丰富的活性位点和可调控的电子性质和组成,而被广泛用于电化学全解水制氢.本文综述了过渡金属硫化物的合成方法,一般包括:水热(溶剂热)法、电化学沉积法、液相剥离法、化学气相沉积法和球磨法,并概述了不同方法的基本概念、合成步骤以及优缺点.总结了近年用于电催化领域中典型单一硫化物(包括MoS₂,WS₂,Co₃S₄,Ni₃S₂等)材料的合成方法和机理,明确了S元素在整个电催化过程...     

MoTe2的结构调控及其电催化产氢和储能应用进展

开发能量转化和存储的高性能电极材料对于新能源利用和储能元件的改进至关重要.设计合成高表面积和较大层间距的二维电极材料是提高电催化活性和储能性能的有效方法.近年来,在过渡金属硫族化合物材料合成快速发展的基础上,MoTe₂更大的层间距和较好的导电性使其在各个领域得到了广泛的研究,其中物相工程、形貌控制和缺陷工程技术逐渐被用于提升MoTe₂的电催化产氢和储能性能.这篇综述对MoTe₂在电催化产氢以及能量存储方面的研究进展进行了总结,展示了MoTe₂较高的电催化产氢活性和优异的储能性能,是一种具有发展潜力的二维材料.与此同时,就该领域存在的问题和应用前景进行了展望.     

铝离子电池中过渡金属硫族化合物正极材料

作为铝离子电池(AIBs)的正极材料,过渡金属硫族化合物(MX₂ (X=S、Se、Te))具有理论比容量较高和电负性较低等优点,在铝离子电池应用领域极具发展前景。本文以提高过渡金属硫族化合物的储铝性能为目的,综述了过渡金属硫族化合物(MX₂ (X=S、Se、Te))的储铝机理及其电化学性能的关系,并针对目前过渡金属硫族化合物存在的问题,总结研究者们提出的相应解决方案并归纳此类材料的主要改性技术手段。最后,对过渡金属硫族化合物正极材料的发展方向进行展望,并探讨改善其整体电化学性能的可行策略。     

不同硫源水热合成的MoS2催化剂的形貌和加氢脱氧活性比较研究

分别采用硫脲、L-胱氨酸和硫磺为硫源水热合成了三种MoS₂催化剂,对其结构和形貌特征进行了表征,并以对甲酚为探针化合物,比较研究了三种MoS₂的加氢脱氧（HDO）催化活性。结果表明,硫源对MoS₂晶体结构的影响不大,但对其形貌和比表面积影响较大。与商业MoS₂相比,所制备的MoS₂催化剂都表现出更高的HDO活性;其中,以硫脲为原料合成的MoS₂具有较高的比表面积和花状结构,其催化活性最高,在300℃下进行对甲酚的HDO反应,脱氧度可达99.3%。     

金箔上单层MoS2的控制生长及电催化析氢应用

金属衬底上单层MoS₂的可控批量制备是探索其微观形貌、新奇物理化学特性以及潜在应用的重要前提. 最近, 我们利用低压化学气相沉积的方法, 在多晶金箔上实现了高质量、大面积/大批量、畴区尺寸可调(从几百纳米到几十微米)单层MoS₂的可控制备; 利用低能电子显微/衍射实现了直接生长的单层MoS₂畴区取向和畴区边界的原位识别; 利用金箔上合成的纳米尺寸MoS₂作为电催化析氢反应的催化剂, 实现了高效的析氢效果(塔菲尔斜率约61 mV/dec, 交换电流密度约38.1 μA/cm²). 本文将以这些研究成果为主线, 系统地阐述金箔上单层MoS₂的可控制备和转移、畴区的原位识别以及在电催化析氢反应中的应用, 并对该领域的未来发展趋势和所面临的挑战进行简要的展望.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).