浸渍/共沉淀法对BaO改性单Pd催化剂净化甲醇汽油车尾气性能的影响

采用浸渍和共沉淀两种方法分别制备了BaO改性的Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃催化剂.运用N₂吸附-脱附,X射线衍射(XRD),H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR),NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行表征,并考察其对甲醇,CO, C₃H₈ 和 NO的催化性能.活性测试结果表明,BaO的引入可明显改善Pd催化剂对甲醇,CO, C₃H₈和NO的催化活性,且浸渍法最佳,起燃温度(T₅₀)分别降低了43,31,45和35 ℃.XRD,H₂-TPR及XPS结果表明,浸渍法引入BaO主要通过表面改性方式,强化Pd-Ce界面间的相互作用,改善催化剂的还原性能,进而提高催化剂的低温活性;而共沉淀法则是通过结构改性方式增加CeO₂晶格缺陷,加速活性氧物种的流动,Ce³⁺浓度的增加是促使CO氧化活性显著提高的主要原因.     

ZnO添加量对Pd/Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75催化剂净化稀燃天然气汽车尾气性能的影响

以掺杂不同含量ZnO的Zr_0.5Al_0.5O_1.75为载体,制备了系列1.5%Pd催化剂.在模拟稀燃天然气汽车尾气条件下,测试了催化剂的活性和抗水性,并用N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、H₂程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了系统表征.研究结果表明,ZnO的添加及添加量对催化剂的活性和抗H₂O性有明显影响,其中以ZnO添加量为15%时制备的复合氧化物为载体的催化剂活性最佳.当模拟尾气中不含H₂O时,该催化剂对甲烷的起燃温度（T₅₀）和完全转化温度（T₉₀）分别为278和314℃;在含H₂O时,该催化剂的T₅₀和T₉₀分别为342和371℃.     

焙烧温度对MnOx-CeO2-WO3-ZrO2催化剂上NH3选择性还原NO的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了MnO_x-CeO₂-WO₃-ZrO₂催化剂,考察了催化剂焙烧温度对O₂和H₂O存在下NH₃选择性催化还原（NH₃-SCR） NO的影响,并利用低温N₂吸附、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）和CO脉冲反应对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明在NH₃-SCR反应中,催化剂的低温活性随焙烧温度的提高而降低,这是由于催化剂表面化学吸附氧和酸性位减少引起的;催化剂的高温活性随焙烧温度的提高先增加后减小,这与催化剂表面最易释放氧数量的变化趋势相反. 700 ℃焙烧的催化剂具有良好的低温活性和最宽的反应温度窗口,在空速为90000 h^-1的条件下,该催化剂的起燃温度（50% NO转化率）为189 ℃,且反应温度在218-431 ℃范围内,NO转化率可达到80%-100%.     

Eu(C10H9N2O4)(C10H8N2O4)(H2O)3]•0.5bipy•3H2O配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

在水-乙醇混合体系中, 以2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙(C₁₀H₁₀N₂O₄)、2,2-联吡啶(C₁₀H₈N₂, 简写bipy)与Eu(NO₃)₃•4H₂O反应, 首次培养出黄色单晶[Eu(C₁₀H₉N₂O₄)(C₁₀H₈N₂O₄)(H₂O)₃]•0.5bipy•3H₂O. 该晶体属三斜晶系, 空间群为P-1, 晶胞参数a＝0.93392(16) nm, b＝1.3100(2) nm, c＝1.3895(2) nm, α＝97.205(3)°, β＝105.411(2)°, γ＝106.364(2)°, V＝15.35(2) nm³, Z＝2, μ＝2.118 mm^－1, D_c＝1.686 Mg/m³, F(000)＝786, R＝0.0116, wR＝0.0507, GOF＝0.995. 晶体测试结果表明, 该单晶结构为铕的9配位配合物, 两个2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙分别以负一价和负二价酮式和三个水分子同时参与配位; 每个2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙中的羧基氧、酰胺基中的羰基氧和C＝N中的氮与Eu^3＋配位, 形成两个共边的稳定五元环, 另三个配位原子则分别来自三个水分子中的氧原子, 该配合物在空间呈扭曲的单帽四方反棱柱, 而在不对称单位中还有游离的一个2,2-联吡啶分子和三个水分子, 这些游离分子与配位分子之间存在大量分子内和分子间氢键, 整个分子在空间呈三维网状结构. 发光性能测试表明该配合物具有很好的荧光性质.     

α-二亚胺钴配合物催化1,3-丁二烯高活性与高顺式-1,4选择性聚合

合成了一系列α-二亚胺钴配合物[ArN=C(Me)-(Me)C=NAr]CoCl₂(Ar=C₆H₅, 3a; 4-MeC₆H₄, 3b; 4-MeOC₆H₄, 3c; 4-FC₆H₄, 3d; 4-ClC₆H₄, 3e; 2-MeC₆H₄, 3f; 2-EtC₆H₄, 3g; 2-ⁱPrC₆H₄, 3h; 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂, 3i; 2,6-Et₂C₆H₃, 3j; 2,6-ⁱPrC₆H₃, 3k)和作为对比的吡啶双亚胺二氯化钴配合物(4a), 并用X射线单晶衍射方法研究了配合物3i, 3k和4a的分子结构. α-二亚胺钴配合物在倍半乙基氯化铝的作用下对丁二烯聚合有较高的催化活性,得到的顺式-1,4结构含量达98%,且有较高分子量(M_n≈1×10⁴-1×10⁵)的聚丁二烯. 配体的电子效应影响催化剂的活性及顺式-1,4选择性, 而配体的空间位阻对丁二烯聚合几乎没有影响. 详细研究了聚合时间、聚合温度、烷基铝助催化剂及铝比等条件对丁二烯聚合行为的影响.     

CeZrYLaO对Fe基整体式稀薄甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了高性能低铈储氧材料Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95(OSM,储氧材料)和胶溶法制备了耐高温、高比表面的La-Al₂O₃并以它们为载体,制备了一系列整体式铁基催化剂。考察了该系列催化剂对甲烷稀薄燃烧的催化性能,并用低温N₂吸附-脱附,储氧能力(oxygen storage capacity,OSC),XRD,XPS和H₂-TPR等测试手段对载体和催化剂进行了表征。活性测试结果表明所制得的整体式催化剂Fe/OSM+La-Al₂O₃可在50 000 h^-1的高空速条件下使含量为1%的甲烷在474 ℃起燃,565 ℃完全转化;低温氮吸附-脱附测试结果表明,所制得的Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.07La_0.03O_1.95经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达33 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.14 mL·g^-1;La-Al₂O₃经1 050 ℃焙烧5 h后的BET比表面积达125 m²·g^-1,孔容为0.46 mL·g^-1,是优良的催化剂载体;OSC测试结果表明,加入储氧材料(oxygen storage material(OSM))能增加催化剂的储氧性能,有利于催化活性的提高;XRD测试结果表明,OSM以均一固溶体存在;XPS测试结果表明,Fe₂O₃与OSM载体之间的相互作用最强;H₂-TPR测试结果表明,加入OSM能增加催化剂的还原性能,从而提高了催化活性。     

在CeO2-ZrO2中加入La2O3对改善单Pd三效催化剂性能的作用

浸渍法制备了CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃复合氧化物，用XRD、热分析（TG-DTA，DSC）、BET表面积、H₂-TPR等对合成样品进行表征，研究了La₂O₃的加入对CeO₂-ZrO₂和单钯Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂/γ-Al₂O₃/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，在CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃中，La的存在能促进CeO₂-ZrO₂固溶体的还原，提高贮氧能力；在Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂/γ-Al₂O₃中加入La有利于提高催化剂的耐热稳定性，阻止γ-Al₂O₃在高温下的晶相转变，进一步稳定Al₂O₃的结构，保持其高的表面积。在贵金属Pd的负载量为1 g·L^-1的条件下，测定了Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂对CO、C₃H₈和NOx的三效催化净化活性。结果表明，在Pd/CeO₂-ZrO₂/Al₂O₃/蜂窝陶瓷催化剂中加入La₂O₃后，能明显地改善催化剂的低温活性和三效催化性能，经1 000 ℃老化10 h后，CO、C₃H₈和NO_x净化的起燃温度（T₅₀）分别为330 ℃、350 ℃和380 ℃。     

Eu(C10H9N2O4)(C10H8N2O4)(H2O)3]•0.5bipy•3H2O配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

在水-乙醇混合体系中, 以2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙(C₁₀H₁₀N₂O₄)、2,2-联吡啶(C₁₀H₈N₂, 简写bipy)与Eu(NO₃)₃•4H₂O反应, 首次培养出黄色单晶[Eu(C₁₀H₉N₂O₄)(C₁₀H₈N₂O₄)(H₂O)₃]•0.5bipy•3H₂O. 该晶体属三斜晶系, 空间群为P-1, 晶胞参数a＝0.93392(16) nm, b＝1.3100(2) nm, c＝1.3895(2) nm, α＝97.205(3)°, β＝105.411(2)°, γ＝106.364(2)°, V＝15.35(2) nm³, Z＝2, μ＝2.118 mm^－1, D_c＝1.686 Mg/m³, F(000)＝786, R＝0.0116, wR＝0.0507, GOF＝0.995. 晶体测试结果表明, 该单晶结构为铕的9配位配合物, 两个2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙分别以负一价和负二价酮式和三个水分子同时参与配位; 每个2-羰基丙酸水杨酰腙中的羧基氧、酰胺基中的羰基氧和C＝N中的氮与Eu^3＋配位, 形成两个共边的稳定五元环, 另三个配位原子则分别来自三个水分子中的氧原子, 该配合物在空间呈扭曲的单帽四方反棱柱, 而在不对称单位中还有游离的一个2,2-联吡啶分子和三个水分子, 这些游离分子与配位分子之间存在大量分子内和分子间氢键, 整个分子在空间呈三维网状结构. 发光性能测试表明该配合物具有很好的荧光性质.     

低负载量的双金属Au@Pt核壳催化剂催化氧化甲苯

采用液相氢气两步还原法制备了双金属Au@Pt核壳纳米粒子,通过直接吸附法将纳米粒子均匀地分散于载体上,制备出低负载量的双金属Au@Pt/Al₂O₃催化剂,并且评价了催化剂对甲苯的催化氧化性能。通过TEM、XRD、XPS、N₂吸附-脱附和H₂-TPR等对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,与单金属Au和Pt催化剂相比,双金属Au@Pt核壳催化剂表现出更高的催化活性,具有很好的稳定性和选择性,在甲苯体积分数为1×10^-3,气体空速为18 L·g^-1·h^-1的条件下,Au₁@Pt₂/Al₂O₃核壳催化剂具有优异的催化氧化性能,其中甲苯实现98%的转化率的温度（T₉₈）为195℃。由XPS结果可知,在Au和Pt之间存在电子转移促进了Pt上活性氧物种的形成,催化剂的活性组分主要以Au⁰和Pt⁰的形式存在,并广泛分布在载体的表面上。Au@Pt纳米粒子与载体Al₂O₃之间的强相互作用也是提高甲苯催化氧化活性的重要因素。     

稳定的气相二价阴离子C7H22-

采用HF, MP2, CCSD以及CISD方法,研究了二价阴离子C₇H₂^2-和C₇H₃^2-及其一价阴离子的几何结构振动频率。在理论上,我们得到了C₇H₂^2-和C₇H₃^2-能量最低结构分别为：C₂C(H₂)C₄^2-和C₂CHCHCHC₂^2-,而且均没有虚频。计算这两种结构所有可能的碎片化通道,碎片化能表明这两结构都不易解离为两个一价阴离子碎片。但是这两结构的垂直电离能和绝热电离能表明C₂C(H₂)C₄^2-是稳定的,但C₂CHCHCHC₂^2-是不稳定的。     

低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂空燃比性能的研究

研究了以浸渍法制备的低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂对C₃H₈, CO, NO的催化活性. 主要考察了CeO₂-ZrO₂和BaO的添加对催化剂空燃比性能的影响, 通过氧化反应、水气变换和蒸汽重整的性能研究, 探讨了催化剂三效工作窗口扩大的原因. 结果表明, 催化剂中只添加CeO₂-ZrO₂时即具有优异的水气变换性能, 蒸汽重整在250 ℃左右发生, 并且在450 ℃以下时C₃H₈的转化率一直保持在20%左右; BaO添加到含有CeO₂-ZrO₂的催化剂中对水气变换和蒸汽重整则有明显的促进作用, 能进一步扩大催化剂的三效工作窗口; 催化剂中只添加CeO₂-ZrO₂时, 能明显提高催化剂对CO的氧化反应活性, 但对C₃H₈的氧化反应的影响则不明显; BaO和CeO₂-ZrO₂同时存在于催化剂中时, 能进一步提高CO的氧化反应活性, 对C₃H₈的氧化反应则没有明显的促进作用.     

Cu?Ti?O catalyst for complex purification of gases

Cu–Ti–O catalysts activity in the reactions of complete oxidation of CO and C₄H₁₀, selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia, SO₂ oxidation to SO₃, as well as the catalyst resistance to sulfur poisoning were studied. We suggest these catalysts for the combined removal of NO, CO and toxic organics from flue gases.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with CO on Pt/W–Ce–Zr catalysts

Various Pt catalysts (Pt/ZrO₂, Pt/CeO₂, Pt/CeZrO, Pt/WO₃/ZrO₂ and Pt/WO₃/CeZrO) were prepared and characterized, and their catalytic reduction reactions of NO by CO, with or without the presence of excess oxygen, were investigated. The results of temperature-programmed experiments showed that CO could be easily oxidized over Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO while the introduction of WO₃ into the catalyst (Pt/WO₃/CeZrO) inhibited the reduction of catalyst surface; NO could not dissociate over those catalysts in oxidized state but after CO reduction at a low temperature, NO dissociation took place only over Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO catalysts. For NO + CO reaction, those easily reduced catalysts Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO exhibited better catalytic performances, and NO could be rapidly converted below 350 °C. For the reaction with the presence of excess O₂, the NO conversions were significantly inhibited, but better NO conversions were obtained over the tungstate-contained catalysts when compared with Pt/CeO₂ and Pt/CeZrO. The higher activities of Pt/W–Ce–Zr catalysts were attributed to their high acidities.     

(La0.8A0.2)MnO3 (A = Sr,K) perovskite catalysts for NO and C10H22 oxidation and selective reduction of NO by C10H22

In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO₃ and (La_0.8A_0.2)MnO₃ (A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C₁₀H₂₂ and selective reduction of NO by C₁₀H₂₂. The catalytic performances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C₁₀H₂₂ oxidation compared with the non-substituted LaMnO₃ sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption: (1) a domain corresponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 ℃ and (2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 ℃. For the Sr-substituted perovskite, the maximum NO₂ yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 ℃). In the reactant mixture of NO/C₁₀H₂₂/O₂/H₂O/He, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst： NO₂ yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 ℃, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr²⁺ cation and Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ redox couple. Thus, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.     

Investigation of performances of commercial diesel oxidation catalysts for CO,C3H6, and NO oxidation

Four commercial monolithic diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) with two different platinum group metal (PGM) loadings and Pt:Pd ratios of 1:0, 2:1, 3:1 (w/w) were investigated systematically for CO, C₃H₆, and NO oxidation, CO-C₃H₆ co-oxidation, and CO-C₃H₆-NO oxidation reactions via transient activity measurements in a simulated diesel engine exhaust environment. As PGM loading increased, light-off curves shifted to lower temperatures for individual and co-oxidation reactions of CO and C₃H₆. CO and C₃H₆ were observed to inhibit theoxidation of themselves and each other. Addition of Pd to Pt was found to enhance CO and C₃H₆ oxidation performance of the catalysts while the presence and amount of Pd was found to increase the extent of self-inhibition of NO oxidation. NO inhibited CO and C₃H₆ oxidation reactions while NO oxidation performance was enhanced in the presence of CO and C₃H₆ probably due to the occurrence of reduced Pt and Pd sites during CO and C₃H₆ oxidations. The optimum Pt:Pd ratio for individual and co-oxidations of CO, C₃H₆, and NO was found to be Pt:Pd = 3:1 (w/w) in the range of experimental conditions investigated in this study.     

甲苯和一氧化碳氧化用介孔LaFeO3催化剂（英文）

以KIT-6和二氧化硅纳米球为硬模板制备了比表面积分别为138和65 m2/g的正交相蠕虫状介孔LaFeO3催化剂LFO-1和LFO-2.在空速为20000 mL/(g劒h)的条件下,LFO-1样品显示出最高的催化活性:对于CO氧化反应,T50%和T90%分别为155和180 oC;对于甲苯氧化反应,T50%和T90%分别为200和253 oC.该样品优异的催化性能与它具有较大的比表面积、较高的氧吸附物种浓度、较好的低温还原性以及良好的蠕虫状介孔结构有关.     

Studies of Zirconia-Doped Ceria Nanomaterials for CO and C3H8 Oxidation

Results of structural refinements and catalytic evaluation of a series of palladium supported ceria-zirconia synthesized through a surfactant-assisted technique were reported. It was found that zirconium addition to ceria leads to a crystalline structure distortion and inhibits the crystal growth at high temperature. Rietveld refinements confirm that all the ceria-zirconia samples have nanocrystals with cationic defects in their structures. The Pd-supported catalysts were very active for both CO and propane complete oxidation. The best catalyst 3wt%Pd/Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂ has a light-off temperature (T ₅₀) as low as 120°C for CO oxidation and 180°C for C₃H₈ combustion.     

制备方法对Co-MOR催化剂CH4选择还原NO性能的影响

采用离子交换法、浸渍法制备一系列的Co-MOR 催化剂, 并将其用于CH₄选择性催化还原 NO_x(CH₄-SCR)反应. 运用X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线荧光光谱(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-拉曼(UVRaman)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、NO程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 浸渍法制备的催化剂, Co以Co₃O₄形式存在; 而离子交换法制备的催化剂, Co以离子形式进入丝光沸石(MOR)骨架之中, 在催化剂上形成更多的Co²⁺和[Co-O-Co]²⁺, 形成更均匀NO吸附中心和CH₄-SCR反应活性中心. 催化剂活性评价表明离子交换法制备的催化剂具有更宽的活性温度区间, Co(0.30)-MOR 催化剂在327-450℃温度范围内NO转化率大于50%.     

Synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 on SiO2 supported iron-cobalt clusters

Bimetallic catalysts (Fe+Co)/SiO₂ were prepared by impregnation of SiO₂ with solutions of carbonyl clusters [FeCo₃(CO)₁₂][(C₂H₅)₄N], [Fe₃Co(CO)₁₃][(C₂H₅)₄N], HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂, [Fe₅CoC(CO)₁₆][(C₂H₅)₄N], and Co₂(CO)₈, Fe(CO)₅. At 20 °C, no reaction occurs between the compounds supported and the surface of the support. The stability of the supported clusters to thermodecarboxylation in a hydrogen atmosphere depends on their composition and is the highest for the catalyst [FeCo₃(CO)₁₂]^–/SiO₂. The catalytic properties of supported clusters in CO hydrogenation are mostly determined by the preactivation technique. The properties of Fe-Co catalysts which were pretreated at high temperatures, are in general similar to those of standard metal catalysts. Product distribution for the same samples prepared without preactivation does not fit the Schulz-Flory equation. The catalyst HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂/SiO₂ favors the formation ofC ₁–C₁₁ hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 468–473 K; the catalyst [Fe₃Co(CO)₁₃]^–/SiO₂ gives ethylene in the temperature range of 453–473 K.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1079–1085, June, 1993.