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含钒无机有机杂化材料的结构复杂多样,在吸附、氧化还原、电化学、催化、光学、磁学以及多孔、手性材料研究等方面应用前景广阔,引起人们广泛关注。本文综述了含钒无机有机杂化材料研究的最新进展,介绍了合成含钒无机有机杂化材料的主要方法,按照有机组分与无机骨架作用的方式分类总结了含钒无机有机杂化材料的结构,介绍了其在离子交换、电化学、磁学、光学、催化等方面的应用,并展望了该类材料的研究前景和意义。 相似文献
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有机-无机杂化太阳电池综合了有机、无机材料的优点,成本低、理论效率高,受到人们的广泛关注.杂化太阳电池的光活性层由无机半导体和有机共轭聚合物复合而成.当光照射到活性层上时,共轭聚合物吸收光子产生激子(电子-空穴对);激子迁移到有机给体-无机受体的异质结界面处发生解离而产生自由电子和空穴;自由电子和空穴分别向无机半导体和有机聚合物传输,从而实现电荷的分离和传导.激子在有机-无机异质结界面处的分离效率是影响电池性能的一个重要因素.有机、无机两相材料往往因为接触面积小以及相容性差使此两相材料接触不佳,激子迁移到此界面不能有效分离,从而严重影响了杂化太阳电池的效率.这个问题可以通过此界面的修饰加以改善.本文即综述了有机-无机异质结界面修饰的方法、作用和意义,并展望了杂化太阳电池未来的发展趋势和应用前景. 相似文献
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通过光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)相结合的分析方法对大唐西市土遗址表面滋生的苔藓进行分离鉴定,确定该苔藓为四川湿地藓Hyophila setschwanica(Broth.).在此基础上,采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对遗址内5处土样进行了分析.结果表明该遗址土壤中钙含量远高于一般表土平均量,且土壤含水量最高为23%,p H呈弱碱性.该种土壤环境为四川湿地藓的繁殖提供了有利的条件,导致四川湿地藓病害的广泛滋生,充分解释了四川湿地藓生长旺盛的根本原因,为后期有效治理该病害提供了一定理论依据. 相似文献
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In this work, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was employed in the taxonomic identification of fungi found in biofilms formed on earthen architecture walls (adobe, wattle and daub, and rammed earth) of historical buildings in the region known as Paraíba Valley (or São Paulo Historical Valley), which are representative of the first phase of the Brazilian coffee cycle (1820–1880). Very few studies are reported in the literature where SERS-based techniques are used in fungi identification, most of them focused on clinical diagnosis. In the present investigation, pure colonies isolated from biofilms on earthen walls previously identified by classic taxonomy and molecular biology were selected. The genera were Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, Fusarium and Penicillium. The fungi were cultured on solid potato dextrose agar, extracted with ethyl acetate and the extracts were applied on dried Au nanoparticles. The SERS spectra exhibited bands in the 600–1800 cm−1 region which are characteristic of each genus, except Penicillium, as revealed by PCA statistical analysis. This work reports the use of a facile to prepare SERS-active substrate in the identification of microbial communities on earthen architecture walls and is the first step of an investigation aiming at the fast identification of fungi species from biofilms formed on earthen architecture buildings without the need of isolating the pure cultures. 相似文献
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Self‐reinforced composites based on commercial PP woven fabrics and a random PP copolymer modified with quartz 下载免费PDF全文
Self‐reinforced composites based on commercial polypropylene (PP) woven fabrics and a random PP copolymer modified with quartz were obtained by film stacking. The effect of the incorporation of quartz on the materials fracture and failure behavior was studied through uniaxial tensile tests and quasi‐static fracture experiments. Acoustic emission analysis was also performed in situ in the tensile tests. A higher consolidation quality was obtained for the composites containing quartz. In the composite with random PP modified with 5 wt% quartz, the higher consolidation and the better dispersion of quartz particles positively impacted on the materials tensile and fracture behavior. From the results of acoustic emission analysis, fiber fracture appears as the dominant failure mechanism in the investigated composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Recently, researchers have tried to produce non-spherical and anisotropic particles to be used in the next generation of multi-functional materials. Of key interest is the red blood cell-like particle. The torus structure was produced under the relatively fast consolidation of monodisperse droplets, and its parameters were found to be tunable by temperature as well as solvent type and concentration. The observation of consolidation demonstrated that the polymers were accumulated and solidified in the torus structure, naturally, whereas there was the critical droplet size to induce the asymmetry diffusivities. The torus structures could be simply tuned by the flow rate and concentration. The coaxial nozzle system produced the core/shell torus particles. These results state that the consolidation mechanism can hold important clues to enhance the range of tuning capabilities. 相似文献
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Shevchenko V. Ya. Kovalchuk M. V. Oryshchenko A. S. Perevislov S. N. 《Doklady Chemistry》2021,496(2):28-31
Doklady Chemistry - Diamond–SiC composite materials were obtained by impregnation with gaseous and liquid Si. The mechanisms of the impregnation and consolidation of the diamond–silicon... 相似文献
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老山汉墓土遗址中可溶-微溶盐导致遗址表面酥碱、起甲、泛白和块状脱落等病害较为严重.利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及离子色谱(IC)等方法测定了老山汉墓遗址不同取样位置及距遗址表面不同深度处可溶盐的成分及含量,并分析了盐分对遗址破坏的可能机制.结果表明,该遗址的主要有可溶盐有Na2SO4、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na Cl、Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O,微溶盐有Ca SO4、Ca SO4·2H2O,此外还含有少量的Ca Cl2、KNO3、KCl、Mg Cl2、K2SO4、Mg SO4等盐分.随着取样深度增加,各盐分的种类及含量有所减少,此分布规律可能与可溶盐的赋存环境及水分运移有关.试验结果对于老山汉墓土遗址的保护措施具有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
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Shen AQ Wang D Spicer PT 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2007,23(26):12821-12826
The emulsion templating of ordered colloidal microsphere assemblies by Manoharan et al. involves a consolidation process where dispersed phase fluid is transported from droplets into a continuous phase. Consolidation can be approximated as a diffusion process with moving boundaries. The kinetics of consolidation are investigated here by following droplet shrinkage with time as a prelude to understanding rate effects on assembly structure. Consolidation kinetics are influenced by liquid diffusivity, the number of colloidal particles in a droplet, and the surfactant concentration. While surfactant exhibits little effect well below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) value, it significantly slows consolidation above the CMC. For a specific continuous phase (i.e., silicone oil and fluorinated silicone oil), with proper scalings, the droplet size shrinks with time following a power law independent of droplet diameter, surfactant concentrations, and particle number concentration. The power law exponent varies from 1/2 to 2/3 with different continuous oil phases as a result of concentration and interfacial effects. This study leads to an improved understanding of colloidal microstructure development at interfaces that can be applied in novel materials synthesis and drug delivery areas. 相似文献
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制备了一种复合淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺高分子聚合物(St-PAM).经红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法表征发现,淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚形成具有多层片状、尖锐断面及多重孔道的大比表面积的聚合物.同时,吸水性能测试表明其具有良好的吸水耐盐性能.将材料应用于秦始皇帝陵K9901陪葬坑及汉阳陵地下遗址进行脱盐示范,结果表明,吸水脱盐材料对试验区域表面土层主要成盐离子Ca^(2+)和SO_4^(2-)的移除率分别达到70%和90%左右,对含量较少的其他盐类离子,如Na^+、NO_3^-等也有明显效果. 相似文献