复合淀粉-丙烯酰胺聚合物在秦始皇帝陵和汉阳陵土遗址脱盐中的应用

制备了一种复合淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺高分子聚合物(St-PAM).经红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等方法表征发现,淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚形成具有多层片状、尖锐断面及多重孔道的大比表面积的聚合物.同时,吸水性能测试表明其具有良好的吸水耐盐性能.将材料应用于秦始皇帝陵K9901陪葬坑及汉阳陵地下遗址进行脱盐示范,结果表明,吸水脱盐材料对试验区域表面土层主要成盐离子Ca^(2+)和SO_4^(2-)的移除率分别达到70%和90%左右,对含量较少的其他盐类离子,如Na^+、NO_3^-等也有明显效果.     

吸水树脂吸附分离研究进展

吸水树脂,也称高弹性凝胶,是一种新型功能高分子材料,具有优良的吸水和保水性能,已广泛用作生理卫生用品等,而很少用作吸附分离材料.本文在对吸水树脂的基本类型与主要特点、影响吸液性能的因素进行简要介绍的基础上,对吸水树脂的结构及其吸液机理、配位原子和配位基及其作用、重金属离子吸附行为、吸附过程影响因素进行了评述,并对吸水树脂应用于吸附研究进行了展望.     

土遗址保护材料综述

基于对土遗址保护材料选择的基本原则和现今国内外土遗址保护材料的研究将其分为无机材料、有机材料和有机/无机杂化材料三大类并对一些常用的土遗址保护材料及其加固保护机理进行了介绍。     

聚丙烯酰胺/凹凸棒土(Attapulgite)纳米复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能

高吸水性树脂是一种新型功能高分子材料,由于其优越的吸水保水性能,已在农林园艺和生理卫生用品等领域得到了应用,但它仍然存在抗盐性能差、吸水后凝胶强度低等不足．近年来,有机．无机复合高吸水性树脂因具有较高的吸水性能和低廉的生产成本而受到了广泛的关注,使用的无机粘土主要有高岭土、蒙脱土和凹凸棒土等．粘土具有活性基团和键合点,加入到高吸水性树脂三维网络中可以改善树脂的网络结构,提高其综合性能．凹凸棒土是一种含水富镁铝的层链状硅酸盐,相对于其它粘土,它具有很好的抗盐、吸附和胶体性能。     

固载化β-环糊精吸附环境污染物的研究进展

β-环糊精由于其独特的结构特性和物理、化学性质,广泛用于环境污染物的吸附.详细介绍了固载β-环糊精的一些新方法、新策略以及固载化β-环糊精对环境污染物的吸附性能研究,并对一些吸附机理进行阐述.固载所用载体主要包括无机材料、有机高分子材料和天然产物高分子.基于不同载体固载环糊精所构筑的吸附材料,不仅可以充分发挥环糊精结构上的先天优势,同时也兼具固载化的优势,提高材料吸附性能及其可回收性的同时,减少环境污染,对吸附材料"绿色化"具有重要的意义.     

深度脱盐在超纯水制备中的现状及发展趋势

超纯水制备流程一般分为预处理、脱盐、后处理三个阶段,其中脱盐工艺是超纯水制备的核心阶段,脱盐工艺的先进与否对最终的产品水质有着重大影响。该论文综述了纯水的深度脱盐技术,详细介绍了渗透法(RO)、离子交换法、电去离子法(EDI)、电吸附法(EST)等脱盐技术的相关原理及研究进展,并对六种主流脱盐技术的优缺点和适用范围进行了对比评述,在对当前深度脱盐技术在超纯水制备中应用的总结分析的基础上,指出了未来超纯水制备脱盐技术的发展将寄希望于新型脱盐材料的研发和多种脱盐技术联合使用情况下工艺流程的进一步优化。     

改性高分子除氟吸附材料的研究进展

饮用水中氟离子超标对人体造成严重危害。吸附法是目前氟污染水体处理方法中较经济理想的分离技术,开发经济、高效、易再生的新型吸附材料是目前水体除氟重点研究的方向。其中,高分子吸附材料是最受研究者关注的除氟吸附剂种类之一。结合近年来的研究工作,本文综述了导电高分子类、生物高分子类以及树脂类高分子吸附剂的合成和改性方法,及不同改性高分子对水中氟离子的吸附性能和除氟机理,并对今后高分子类除氟吸附材料的发展提出展望。     

《离子交换与吸附》征稿简则

《离子交换与吸附》是南开大学高分子研究所主办的反应性高分子学术期刊。本刊旨在反应国内外离子交换剂、吸附剂、高分子催化剂、高分子试剂、医用高分子材料以及其他功能高分子材料在科研、生产、应用和应用基础研究诸方面的进展和动向。发表科研论文和科研成果,探讨应用基础理论,介绍新的实验技术,生产技术和应用技术,交流工作经验,促进反应性高分子科学技术的发展。     

废弃天然高分子基功能材料

从废弃高分子角度对废弃生物质的高附加值再利用进行综述,阐述了废弃生物质中天然高分子的类型以及废弃生物质中包含的大量天然高分子具有官能团丰富、可降解、生物相容、无毒无害等优异的性能,归纳了废弃生物质的传统处理方法及作为材料使用的再利用途径,介绍了废弃天然高分子用作复合材料、吸附材料、载体材料、能源材料、医用高分子材料、智能高分子材料等的研究进展,并对废弃天然高分子的资源化利用进行了展望。     

医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液灌流临床应用的进展

本文报道了医用活性高分子吸附材料在血液净化中的应用，着重介绍各种吸附材料的性能及其在血液灌流、血液灌流和血液透析联合治疗有关疾病的新进展。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.