硫酸铵提高裂殖壶菌不饱和脂肪酸积累的代谢组学研究

采用基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术的代谢组学方法,通过分析裂殖壶菌胞内代谢物的变化,研究(NH4)2SO4提高裂殖壶菌不饱和脂肪酸积累的作用机制.利用GC-MS技术对添加0,1.5,2.5和3.5g/L (NH4)2SO4的发酵样品进行分析,结合K-Means算法对数据进行聚类分析,得到胞内代谢物的热图.主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)得分图可将不同添加条件下裂殖壶菌胞内物质明显区分.运用PLS-DA载荷图及模型的变量重要性因子(VIP)值,发现了7种代谢物可作为区别4种不同条件下的生物标志物.经NIST和Wiley谱库检索,它们分别为葡萄糖、肌醇、甘露醇、果糖、磷酸、乙醇胺、乙胺.代谢途径分析结果表明,(NH4)2SO4是通过弱化糖酵解途径和乙酸合成支路,提高苹果酸酶的活力,强化氨基酸代谢和NADPH的积累,从而提高不饱和脂肪酸积累.     

气相色谱-质谱对青霉素发酵中玉米浆潜在标志物的研究

基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析法(OPLS-DA),建立了筛选玉米浆中影响青霉素发酵效价的潜在标志物的方法.利用GC-MS获得玉米浆中44种物质,经过标准化、Pareto预处理后,通过OPLS-DA对样本进行模式识别,根据模型的载荷图和变量重要性因子(VIP)筛选出9个潜在的标志物,即亮氨酸、5-酮脯氨酸、天冬氨酸、柠檬酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和葡萄糖.结果表明,这些物质与青霉素的初级代谢和次级代谢密切相关,可以作为筛选青霉素发酵优质原料的潜在质量指标.     

有机物料对东南景天提取污染土壤中锌的影响

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了有机物料 (水稻秸秆和菜籽饼 )对东南景天提取污染土壤中锌的影响。试验得出 ,东南景天不仅能忍耐土壤中高浓度的锌、铅和铜 ,而且具有很强的吸收和转移大量锌到地上部的能力 ,地上部Zn含量高达 3 5 5 3～ 95 5 8mg·kg- 1,平均为 ( 71 4 3± 2 3 67)mg·kg- 1。污染土壤添加菜籽饼或矿山土壤添加水稻秸秆 ,东南景天地上部Zn含量显著增加 ;而其它处理对东南景天地上部Zn含量均无显著影响。上述结果表明 ,东南景天具有较强的修复锌污染土壤的潜力 ;水稻秸秆和菜籽饼提高东南景天修复锌污染土壤能力的作用与土壤类型有关 ,利用东南景天修复不同类型的污染土壤时应采用何种适宜的农艺技术措施尚待进一步的探讨     

气相色谱-质谱联用结合化学计量学鉴别再生聚苯乙烯发泡餐盒

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)结合化学计量学方法鉴别再生餐盒和新餐盒的方法。发泡餐盒试样经二氯甲烷溶解,加入甲醇沉淀大分子聚合物,采用GC-MS进行分析,并结合主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal par-tial least squares discriminantanalysis,OPLS-DA)等多变量统计分析方法筛选出再生餐盒和新餐盒的差异性物质,建立了再生餐盒和新餐盒的鉴别模型。结果表明,再生餐盒和新餐盒中的主要物质包括聚合残余(苯乙烯单体、二聚体和三聚体)、苯衍生物和添加剂等。OPLS-DA和t检验筛选出41种在含量上具有显著性差异的物质,基于差异性物质建立鉴别模型,初步建立了有效的鉴别再生聚苯乙烯发泡餐盒的方法。     

电化学微流池富集-电热原子吸收法测定海水中(超)痕量镉

建立了电化学微流池与电热原子吸收光谱联用技术对(超)痕量镉进行测定的方法。利用自制电化学微流池对(超)痕量镉富集,后经反向电压和酸液洗脱,洗脱液由电热原子吸收光谱仪进行测定。优化了测定条件,实验结果表明,在0.05~0.80μg/L范围内成线性关系,相关系数为0.9912,检出限(3σ)达到0.004μg/L,富集倍率为11。将该方法应用到海水中(超)痕量镉的测定,相对标准偏差在2.2%~3.4%(n=3),回收率在86.0%~95.5%。     

超临界流体萃取-GC-MS分析西黄丸中挥发性成分

建立西黄丸中挥发油成分乙酸辛酯的含量测定方法,为西黄丸的质控标准提供依据。方法:超临界CO2萃取西黄丸中挥发油成分,采用气相色谱法测定乙酸辛酯含量;研究压力、温度、时间和粒度因素对挥发油得率与乙酸辛酯含量的影响,并进行了化学计量学分析。采用GC-MS分析了适宜条件的挥发油的成分。综合考虑挥发油得率和乙酸辛酯含量双指标,确定的西黄丸挥发油萃取条件为:粉碎粒度为80目,萃取压力为25 MPa,温度为40℃,时间为2 h。在此条件下,挥发油得率达到7.76%,乙酸辛酯含量达到0.72 mg·g^-1。通过指纹图谱、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)化学计量学分析可知,不同萃取条件对所提取的挥发油物质组分及其含量没有显著性差异。GC-MS鉴定出的主要成分有(1S-endo)-2-甲基-3-亚甲基-2-(4-甲基-3--3-戊烯基)-二环[2.2.1庚烷、10α-羟基日本刺参萜、(±)-麝香酮、4-亚甲基-2,8,8-三甲基-2-乙烯基-双环[5.2.0]壬烷和2-甲基-4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)丁醛。结论:西黄丸挥发油成分适宜萃取条件,及建立的乙酸辛酯含量测定方法准确、可靠,为有效控制西黄丸质量,完善其质量标准及进一步的药效成分研究提供了科学依据。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定调味品中3种糠醛类物质

建立了同时测定调味品中糠醛、5-甲基糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛的气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)。对样品的前处理方法及GC-MS/MS分析条件进行优化,样品经乙酸乙酯萃取,GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定。3种糠醛类物质在0.001～20 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 0～0.999 5;检出限(S/N=3)均为0.005 mg/kg,加标回收率为86%～95%。该法简便、快速、溶剂用量少,可消除调味品中复杂基质的干扰,结果准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于调味品中3种糠醛类物质的同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法测定菜园土壤中微量镉

用电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法,测定了菜园土壤中微量镉的含量。土壤样品中加入一定量的112Cd富集同位素试剂后,用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸预消解后再经微波消解,冷却后样品溶液在130℃蒸发近干,然后加入硼酸1 mL,以硝酸(2+98)溶液定容至20 mL,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定溶液中的同位素比值R(112Cd/111Cd),用同位素稀释法计算出样品中镉的含量。试验对仪器参数1、12Cd富集同位素试剂的加入量、质量歧视因素、仪器死时间及同量异位素和多原子离子峰的干扰等因素对测定产生的影响进行了试验和校正。在优化的条件下测定了土壤标准物质(GBW 07423)中镉的含量,测定值与标准值相符。     

基于超高效液相色谱串联质谱法的化学计量学分析不同产区烤烟烟叶中非挥发性有机酸的含量差异北大核心CSCD

非挥发性有机酸成分对烤烟的感官特征有显著影响,为研究不同产区烤烟烟叶中非挥发性有机酸含量差异及与感官特征之间的联系,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)对黑龙江、四川、湖南、湖北、云南等5个不同产区烤烟样品中非挥发性有机酸成分进行了检测。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型、变量投影重要性(VIP)值、单因素方差分析(ANOVA)、京都基因和基因组数据库(KEGG)富集通路分析,得出了不同产区间非挥发性有机酸差异,并确定了特征差异组分的代谢通路。结果表明:共检测到69种非挥发性有机酸,其中多元酸23种,游离脂肪酸21种,其他有机酸25种。基于非挥发性有机酸构建的OPLS-DA模型对不同产区烟叶识别效果较理想,模型参数R^(2)Y和Q^(2)分别为0.931和0.595。通过模型的VIP值和ANOVA筛选出26种特征差异非挥发性有机酸,并通过KEGG富集分析得到16条与上述26种组分关联的代谢通路。研究发现黑龙江牡丹江产区烟叶中特征差异非挥发性有机酸含量与其他产区差异最大,其次为湖南衡阳产区,四川凉山、云南楚雄、湖北恩施产区烟叶中特征差异非挥发性有机酸组间差异较小,均与所属烟区烤烟感官特征相符。     

APDC沉淀分离富集石墨炉原子吸收测定海水和生物样品中铅,镉,钴,铜,锡,砷和钼

我们曾研究一种新的分离富集方法,即在酸性水溶液中加入吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵(APDC)沉淀镍后,将Ni-PDC溶于甲基异丁酮(MIBK)中,有机相直接进样石墨炉原子吸收测定尿和生物样品中痕量镍.本工作将此方法扩大应用于海水和生物样品中铅、镉、钴、铜、锡、砷和钼     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.