离子色谱法同时测定水源水中的5种生物胺

建立了离子色谱(IC)同时测定水源水中5种生物胺(BA)(腐胺、尸胺、组胺、亚精胺和精胺)的方法。样品经0.45 μm水膜过滤后,用TSK-GEL SuperIC阳离子交换柱(150 mm×4.6 mm)分离,以甲磺酸水溶液为流动相梯度淋洗,流速为1.0 mL/min,非抑制电导检测,进样量为100 μL。实验结果表明,5种生物胺可以实现基线分离;在1.0～30.0 mg/L范围内,其峰面积与质量浓度之间的线性关系良好;保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)均不高于0.02%,峰面积的RSD小于2.08%;加标回收率为96.0%～107.0%。该法简便、快捷、准确,可以用于水源水中腐胺、尸胺、组胺、亚精胺和精胺5种生物胺的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱-激光诱导荧光法分析水样中的胺类物质

通过色谱条件和衍生条件的优化,建立了微量胺类物质的高效液相色谱-激光诱导荧光检测分析方法。该方法灵敏度高,在优化的条件下分析亚精胺、腐胺和组胺,检出限达到10^-10 mol/L数量级,且稳定性好。连续进样5次,3种生物胺保留时间的RSD(n=5)小于0.3%,峰面积的RSD(n=5)小于3%,平均加标回收率为94.99%~104.7%。将该方法应用于实际水样中3种生物胺的检测及7种茶叶茶水中胺类物质的分析,取得了良好的结果。该方法灵敏度高,稳定性好,可用于水样中微量胺类物质的分析。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定腌肉中5种生物胺北大核心CSCD

采用固相萃取-气相色谱法测定腌肉中酪胺、组胺、精胺、亚精胺和β-苯乙胺等5种生物胺的含量。腌肉样品用50g·L^(-1)三氯乙酸溶液提取,强阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化。用Agilent DB-1701色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,氮磷检测器检测。5种生物胺的质量浓度均在1.0~50.0mg·L^(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.12~0.32 mg·kg^(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为78.0%~96.8%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%~7.1%。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定腌肉中5种生物胺

采用固相萃取-气相色谱法测定腌肉中酪胺、组胺、精胺、亚精胺和β-苯乙胺等5种生物胺的含量。腌肉样品用50g·L~(-1)三氯乙酸溶液提取,强阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化。用Agilent DB-1701色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,氮磷检测器检测。5种生物胺的质量浓度均在1.0~50.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.12~0.32 mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为78.0%~96.8%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%~7.1%。     

高效液相色谱法测定畜禽肉中8种生物胺含量国家标准方法的改进北大核心CSCD

针对国家标准方法GB 5009.208-2016操作繁琐,检测时间较长(约6 h)等问题,改进了提取方法和衍生方法,并应用于畜禽肉中色胺、尸胺、β-苯乙胺、酪胺、亚精胺、腐胺、组胺和精胺等8种生物胺含量的测定。取绞碎样品10 g,加入50 g·L^(-1)三氯乙酸溶液20 mL、正己烷10 mL及1 000 mg·L^(-1) 1,7-二氨基庚烷内标溶液1.0 mL,混匀后涡旋15 min,超声提取15 min,离心5 min。取0.5 mL上清液置于10 mL比色管中,依次加入2 mol·L^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液100μL、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液300μL、10 g·L^(-1)丹磺酰氯衍生溶液2.0 mL,振荡混匀,于60℃反应15 min。加入100μL氨水,于60℃保温15 min,以终止衍生反应。加入乙腈稀释至5 mL,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,滤液注入高效液相色谱仪,在Phenomenex Kinetex色谱柱上以不同体积比的甲醇-水体系进行梯度洗脱,并用二极管阵列检测器检测。结果显示:样品可在1.5 h内完成检测,8种生物胺的质量浓度均在5.00~250 mg·L^(-1)内与其对应的峰面积与内标物峰面积的比值呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为4~21μg·kg^(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验和日内、日间精密度试验,回收率为80.4%~95.6%,日内(n=6)、日间(n=5)精密度试验测定值的相对标准偏差分别为1.9%~5.1%和2.3%~6.2%;方法用于20批畜禽肉的分析,除组胺外,其他7种生物胺均有不同程度检出。     

毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光检测法分析食品中的生物胺

以4-氟-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂恶二唑(NBD-F)为衍生化试剂,建立了食品中5种痕量生物胺(色胺、组胺、酪胺、亚精胺、精胺)的毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光检测(CEC-LIF)分析方法。采用50 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 8.0)作为衍生介质,在75℃条件下对生物胺进行衍生化反应25 min。生物胺衍生产物的最优色谱条件:固定相为C18毛细管电色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵(20 mmol/L,pH 8.0)(75∶25,v/v),辅助压力为6.9 MPa,分离电压为-8 kV,流速为0.03 mL/min。实验结果表明,生物胺的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.1~1.0μg/L,加标回收率为78.3%~113.9%。该方法可成功用于加工和发酵食品中生物胺的测定,结果与传统HPLC法的检测结果无显著性差异,且检出限更低、分析速度更快,对于食品中痕量污染物的残留监测具有应用价值。     

柱后加碱脉冲积分安培检测-离子色谱法测定水产品中十种生物胺

建立了利用淋洗液自动发生梯度淋洗的离子交换色谱法同时测定水产品中酪胺、5-羟色胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、庚二胺、苯乙胺、亚精胺、精胺、色胺等10种生物胺的方法。样品经处理后用Ionpac CS17分离柱和Ionpac CG17型保护柱分离,以EG40自动淋洗液发生器生成的5.0～55 mmol/L的MSA为淋洗液梯度洗脱,脉冲积分安培检测器检测。对梯度进行优化,10种生物胺都能基线分离,并且浓度和峰面积在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限在0.04 mg/kg以下,回收率在91.2%～102.5%之间,样品的RSD(n=6)小于5%。方法可用于水产品的检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定水产品中10种生物胺的研究

高效液相色谱法同时测定水产品中色胺、2-苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、章鱼胺、5-羟色胺、酪胺、亚精胺和精胺。样品经高氯酸溶液提取，丹酰氯衍生化，C18柱色谱分离，以0．1mol／L醋酸铵和乙腈作流动相梯度淋洗，254nm紫外检测。方法检出限（SIN=3）：腐胺、亚精胺0．8μg／g；尸胺、组胺、酪胺、精胺1μg／g；章鱼胺、5-羟色胺2μg／g；2-苯乙胺3μg／g；色胺5μg／g。在0．2～10mg／L范围内，峰面积与质量浓度成良好的线性，相关系数r大于0．999。样品添加浓度在30、100和500μg／g的回收率为80％～111％，相对标准偏差为2．6％～15．8％。方法定量下限（LOQ）为30μg／g。本法简便、快速、灵敏、可靠。     

水产品中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺的高效液相色谱荧光法同时测定

建立了水产品中氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺同时检测的高效液相色谱荧光法,以乙腈-磷酸二氢钠溶液(0.01 mol/L,含0.005 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠和0.10%三乙胺)(体积比2:3)为流动相,流速为0.6 mL/min,荧光检测激发波长为225 nm,发射波长为280 nm.本方法氟苯尼考在10～10 000 μg/L,氟苯尼考胺在2～2 000 μg/L范围内与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数分别为1和0.999 9.当空白样晶中氟本尼考添加水平为20～200 μg/kg,氟苯尼考胺添加水平为4～50μg/kg时,该方法的回收率为79%～91%,相对标准偏差为3.66%～6.21%,检出限分别为5 μg/kg和1 μg/kg.     

高效液相色谱法测定海水中游离态腐胺、亚精胺和精胺

使用高效液相色谱法测定海水中3种游离态多胺(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺).海水样品经 HClO4溶液酸化,丹磺酰氯衍生化,ODS色谱柱(150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm)分离,以0.1 mol/L乙酸铵和乙腈为流动相梯度淋洗,流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测(激发波长:340 nm;发射波长:515 nm).本实验中腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的检出限(S/N=3)分别为9.6×10-11, 2.8×10-10和1.0×10-10mol/L.在1×10-9～1×10-7mol/L范围内,3种多胺的浓度和荧光信号值均呈良好的线性关系(R>0.99).海水样品添加浓度在5×10-9, 1×10-8, 2.5×10-8和5×10-8 mol/L的回收率为84.9%～110.9%;衍生方法的相对标准偏差<3.6%,本方法中多胺衍生物不需要用有机溶剂萃取,衍生后可直接进样分析,避免了萃取过程中多胺的损失,极大地提高了分析速度.本方法具有选择性高,样品用量少,灵敏度好等特点,适合海水中游离态腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的痕量分析.     

Aqueous sulfuric acid as the mobile phase in cation ion chromatography for determination of histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine in fish samples

Aqueous sulfuric acid can be used as the mobile phase in cation ion chromatography to separate the three biogenic amines, putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine, from fish. Various concentrations of aqueous sulfuric acid were investigated to optimize the separation of these three biogenic amines. Aqueous sulfuric acid (5.0 mM) was found to be optimum for the separation and was used to determine the three biogenic amines in fish. The LOQ, defined as the lowest level of the standard calibration curve, was 0.055 ppm (equivalent to 0.55 microg/g sample) for putrescine, 0.05 ppm (equivalent to 0.5 microg/g sample) for cadaverine, and 1.0 ppm (equivalent to 10 microg/g sample) for histamine. From statistical analysis of the LOQ, the method detection limit was 0.003 ppm for putrescine, 0.009 ppm for cadaverine, and 0.16 ppm for histamine. For sample preparation, the fish was composited, homogenized in methanol-water (75 + 25, v/v), incubated for 15 min at 60 degrees C, and centrifuged. The sample solution was micron-filtered before injection. The mobile phase flow rate was 0.8 mL/min under isocratic conditions at room temperature (15-25 degrees C). The three biogenic amines were separated in the order of increasing retention time, i.e., putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine, within 30 min. The chromatograms showed complete peak separation of the three amines regardless of the difference in fish matrixes.     

Determination of primary biogenic amines in various food products using isocratic HPLC with 3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde as a new precolumn fluorogenic reagent

A simple HPLC approach has been successfully established for the sensitive determination of six biogenic amines (BAs) in food samples. The method involves derivatization with 3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde newly synthesized as a new fluorogenic reagent followed by LC isocratic elution mode. The optimization of both derivatization and separation conditions is carefully studied. Related analyses of the eluted compounds, in the presence of MeOH/THF/H(2)O (78:2.5:19.5 v/v/v) as a mobile phase containing 8 mM, pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution, have been carried out on a C(18) column. The LOD (S/N = 3) of 2.5 nM, RSD value from 1.0 to 5.1% in peak areas, and good response linearity (R(2) >0.9936) are provided with fluorescence detection at lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 480/545 nm. Obviously, recovery ranging from 95 to 107% in this method demonstrates its accuracy for determination of histamine, tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine in the storage fish sample. Thus, the present method could be developed to monitor BAs in fish, cucumber, and spinach samples.     

毛细管电泳-场强放大样品堆积法检测染发剂中的7种苯胺类物质

建立了毛细管电泳-场强放大样品堆积测定染发剂中4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、苯胺、邻甲氧基苯胺、对氨基苯甲醚、3,4-二甲基苯胺、间氨基苯酚、1-萘胺7种苯胺类物质的分析方法。在优化的缓冲溶液体系(0.15 mol/L NaH2PO4,0.015 mol/L 三乙醇胺, pH 2.3)下7种分析物在6.5 min内实现基线分离。考察了样品中添加的磷酸浓度和乙腈浓度、水柱长度、电动进样时间与电压对场强放大富集效率及重现性的影响。最佳的富集条件为: 水柱注入3.45 kPa(0.5 psi)×6 s,样品中添加40%(v/v)乙腈和0.6×10~3mol/L磷酸,进样电压与进样时间为10 kV×10 s。线性范围为3～1000 μg/L(R2＞0.996),检出限为0.26～2.75 μg/L,将已有方法的检测灵敏度提高了1～3个数量级。在2种市售黑色染发剂中均检测到间氨基苯酚,含量分别为7.32 mg/g和1.34 mg/g。平均加标回收率为74%～108%。该方法灵敏度高、快速、重现性好、成本低,可供多种样品基质中痕量苯胺类污染物及其他阳离子物质的测定借鉴使用。     

Determination of histamine by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection.

Capillary zone electrophoresis was employed for the determination of histamine using end-column amperometric detection with a carbon fiber microelectrode, at a constant potential. The optimum conditions of separation and detection were 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer, pH 5.6 for the buffer solution, 15 kV for the separation voltage, and 1.35 V (versus SCE) for the detection potential. The linear range was from 6.3 x 10(-7) to 1.5 x 1(-5) mol/L with the regression coefficient of 0.9997, and the detection limit was 4.0 x 10(-7) mol/L (S/N = 3). The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of histamine in the beer samples without any sample clean-up procedures.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定牛奶中氯霉素的残留量

建立了对牛奶中氯霉素的残留量进行检测的高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法。氯霉素还原后在温和条件下与荧光胺发生衍生化反应,采用十八烷基键合硅胶固定相,以乙腈/四氢呋喃/0.02 mol/L醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液(pH 6.0)(体积比为16∶8∶76)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,荧光检测激发波长为410 nm,发射波长为508 nm。在上述实验条件下,氯霉素检测的线性范围为0.4~800 μg/L (r2=0.9999),检出限为0.2　μg/L。当空白样品中氯霉素添加水平为2~40 μg/L时,该方法的回收率为66.6%~92.8%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~9.4%。该方法适用于牛奶中氯霉素痕量残留的监测,具有干扰小、选择性好、灵敏度高等优点。     

Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis using a chameleon type of fluorescent stain

A method was developed for the determination of biogenic amines (BAs) via micellar electrokinetic chromatography along with laser induced fluorescence detection using the amino-reactive chameleon stain Py-1. A labeling protocol was established for seven primary BAs by optimizing the reaction conditions in terms of the amount of reagents, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent. Derivatization was accomplished within 30 min and is visible by the naked eye because it is accompanied by a color change from blue to red. Separation of the labeled BAs was achieved within 15 min with a background buffer of pH 2.5 containing phosphate, Tween®80, and methanol. The LODs range from 0.1 to 0.9 µmol·L^?1, with RSDs ranging from 1.1 to 4.2% at 10 µmol·L^?1. The method was applied to the determination of histamine in various fish samples.     

非衍生化液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中8种生物胺

采用液相色谱-串联质谱技术建立了同时测定动物源性食品中组胺(HIS)、色胺(TRP)、2-苯乙胺(2-PHE)、腐胺(PUT)、尸胺(CAD)、酪胺(TYR)、亚精胺(SPD)和精胺(SPM)8种生物胺(BAs)的分析方法。样品用乙腈-甲酸水溶液提取,用强阳离子交换柱(MCX)净化。在不进行衍生化的条件下,采用亲水作用色谱(HILIC)柱、以5 mmol/L的乙酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相分离8种生物胺。结果表明,8种生物胺的线性范围为0.001～100 μg/L,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99。方法的检出限(LODs,信噪比为3)在0.001～1 μg/kg之间,定量限(LOQs,信噪比为10)在0.003～5 μg/kg之间。在8种基质中3个加标水平的回收率都在73.9%～106.3%之间,加标含量范围为0.003～50 μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)在5.65%～18.6%之间。方法的灵敏度和回收率高,选择性好,能满足日常动物源性食品检测工作的要求。     

Simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of biogenic amines in rat plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection

We describe a simple, rapid, selective and sensitive HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of biogenic amines (BAs: tryptamine, 2‐phenethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, tyramine, spermidine, dopamine and spermine). BAs and IS were derivated with dansyl chloride. Fluorescence detection (λ_ex/λ_em = 340/510 nm) was used. A satisfactory result for method validation was obtained. The assay was shown to be linear over the ranges 0.005–1.0 μg/mL for tryptamine, 2‐phenethylamine and spermidine, 0.025–1.0 μg/mL for putrescine, 0.001–1.0 μg/mL for cadaverine, 0.25–20 μg/mL for histamine, 0.25–10 μg/mL for 5–hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, and 0.01–1.0 μg/mL for tyramine and spermine. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.3–75.0 ng/mL and 1.0–250.0 ng/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviations were ≤5.14% for intra‐day and ≤6.58% for inter‐day precision. The recoveries of BAs ranged from 79.11 to 114.26% after spiking standard solutions of BAs into a sample at three levels. Seven kinds of BAs were found in rat plasma, and the mean values of tryptamine, 2‐phenethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine and spermine determined were 52.72 ± 7.34, 11.45 ± 1.56, 162.56 ± 6.26, 312.75 ± 18.11, 1306.50 ± 116.16, 273.89 ± 26.41 and 41.51 ± 2.07 ng/mL, respectively.     

Determination of human plasma protein binding of baicalin by ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple and selective HPLC assay was developed and utilized for determination of human plasma protein binding of baicalin. The method involved solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase chromatographic separation with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.5; 25:75, v/v) and UV detection at 276 nm. The standard curve for baicalin was linear over the concentration range 0.1-20 microg/mL and the limit of detection was 0.02 microg/mL. The absolute recovery was greater than 76%. The intra-day and inter-day variations were less than 10%. Ultrafiltration technique was applied to determining the plasma protein binding of baicalin in human plasma. Results show the plasma protein binding of baicalin was in the range 86-92% over all the concentrations studied and the protein binding association constant was determined to be 1.21 x 10(5) L/mol at 4 degrees C.