肿瘤血管阻断剂黄酮-8-乙酸类衍生物的三维定量关系研究

选择了肿瘤血管阻断剂黄酮-8-乙酸类衍生物, 采用比较分子力场分析(CoMFA)和比较分子相似性指数分析(CoMSIA)方法进行三维定量构效关系的研究. 33个化合物建立了预测模型, 6个化合物作为训练集进行模型验证. 其中CoMFA模型的交叉验证系数q²＝0.621, 最佳主成分数为4, 标准偏差s_press＝0.345, 非交叉相关系数r²＝0.945, 标准偏差s＝0.131, F＝120.455. CoMSIA模型的交叉验证系数q²＝0.700, 最佳主成分数为5, 标准偏差s_press＝0.312, 非交叉相关系数r²＝0.946, 标准偏差s＝0.133, F＝94.193. 计算结果表明, 构建的CoMFA和CoMSIA模型具有良好的预测能力, 可用于指导该类化合物的设计.     

电拓扑状态预测多氯二苯并噻吩及噻吩砜化合物的气相色谱保留指数

以原子类型电拓扑状态指数(ETSI)有效表征了135 个多氯二苯并噻吩(PCDT)和135 个多氯二苯并噻吩砜(PCDTO₂)的分子结构, 应用基于预测的变量选择与模型化(VSMP)方法建立PCDT 和PCDTO₂ 化合物在DB-5 气相色谱柱上的气相色谱保留指数(RI)与分子结构(ETSI)的定量相关模型, 模型的相关系数r² 分别为0.9939 和0.9729, LOO 交叉验证相关系数 q² 分别为0.9921 和0.9692. 为验证模型稳定性和预测能力, 应用17 个PCDT 和PCDTO₂ 训练集样本构建的QSRR 模型的r² 分别为0.9959 和0.9783, LOO 交叉验证相关系数 q² 分别为0.9921 和0.9740, 说明模型具有良好的稳定性. 以此模型预测外部8 个检验集及110 个预测集的RI 值, 8 个检验集样本的结果表明训练集模型具有良好预测能力.     

θ溶剂中树枝形均聚物的自洽场理论计算

树枝形大分子因其高度支化的特殊结构，在传感、载药、催化等众多领域有着广泛的应用潜力.运用高斯链模型推导了溶液体系中树枝形均聚物的自洽场方程组.并在不考虑体积排除作用的条件下，计算了θ溶液中分子的中心链节官能度f₀、支化点官能度f、间隔链段的聚合度P、以及总代数G对链节浓度分布及均方回转半径的影响.计算结果显示，链节浓度分布总是符合"dense-core"的模型，即在所有计算参数组合下，链节浓度总是沿径向单调下降，并随f₀、f和G的增加而单调增加.自洽场计算得到的树枝形均聚物的均方回转半径R与Rouse动力学模型的计算结果基本一致，在f₀、f和G的数值较大时，都能够得到<R²>≈GPa²的标度律关系.     

硝基芳烃对梨形四膜虫毒性的定量构效关系解析

应用半经验方法AM1计算了42种硝基芳烃的19个量子化学和理化参数, 结合部分取自文献的分子结构符和梨形四膜虫的急性毒性数据, 采用偏最小二乘法回归分析建立了硝基芳烃对梨形四膜虫的毒性定量预测模型, 对该类化合物的急性毒性机理进行了讨论并对所建立模型与文献中相关报道的模型的评价指标进行了比较. 模型的内部交叉检验和外部测试检验结果均显示所获得模型具有较高的拟合精度和较好的预测效果(R²＝0.946, ＝0.921, P＝5.5×10^－18, F＝453.53, SD＝0.171), 其评价指标优于文献中报道的其它模型结果. 模型变量重要性分析表明, E_LUMO, a, , E_T, MW, CSV及MR对硝基芳烃的毒性大小有较大的制约作用, 硝基芳烃对梨形四膜虫所表现出来的毒性随着E_LUMO, E_T, △E的增大而减少, 随a, , , △H_f,, MW, CSV及MR的增大而增大. 导致E_T和△H_f对梨形四膜虫的毒性大小贡献的不同步, 被认为是由于硝基芳烃对梨形四膜虫多种致毒机制共存所造成.     

柔性树枝形大分子溶液的自洽场理论计算

树枝形大分子是一种新型高分子材料,其浓度分布、末端官能团分布和分子尺寸决定了材料的性质.在柔性支化臂条件下,推导了均聚物树枝形大分子在溶剂中的自洽场理论,计算了不同代数G的树枝形大分子的链节浓度分布.计算结果表明：（1）在良溶剂（或绝热溶剂）中,柔性支化臂的树枝形大分子符合"dense-core"模型,链节浓度沿径向缓慢下降;（2）由于柔性链的折回构象,末端链没有向球形分子的外缘球壳层聚集的倾向;（3）不同代数的支化臂所受的拉伸强度不同,近中心处的第一代支化臂所受的拉伸程度最大;（4）自洽场计算与Flory平均场理论标度律估算结果一致,得到树枝形大分子在良溶剂中的分子尺寸具有标度律R~（GP）^1/5N^2/5,其中P是单个支化臂的聚合度,N是分子的总的链段数;（5）在G固定的情况下,该标度律简化为R~P^3/5.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴定与分析乙醛诱导脱氧核糖核苷酸加合物

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对两种非对映异构体（6S,8S）1,N²-丙基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（ProdG）和（6R,8R）ProdG加合物进行鉴定与分析。通过色谱保留时间及质谱碎裂方式分析,证明乙醛与2'-脱氧鸟苷（dG）反应可形成ProdG加合物。体外实验表明,乙醛能够诱导脱氧核糖核苷酸（DNA）形成ProdG加合物,并且（6R,8R）ProdG的生成量大于（6S,8S）ProdG的生成量。细胞实验结果显示,乙醛暴露能显著提高人肺胚成纤维细胞（MRC5）基因组DNA中ProdG加合物的水平,且ProdG加合物的水平与乙醛的暴露浓度呈正相关。此外,100 μ mol/L的乙醛暴露使（6R,8R）ProdG的含量从（6.4±0.3） 个/10⁸个碱基增加到（127.2±2.7） 个/10⁸个碱基,上调程度大于（6S,8S）ProdG（从（6.5±0.3） 个/10⁸个碱基增加到（115.3±2.5） 个/10⁸个碱基）。该工作为乙醛暴露所引起的DNA加合物水平上升提供了实验依据。     

3-取代硫基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑类化合物抑菌活性的定量构效关系和结构修饰的理论研究

用DFT-B3LYP 方法, 在基组6-31G 水平, 对24 种3-取代硫基-5-(2-羟基苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑类化合物分子进行几何优化, 并计算了E_HOMO, E_LUMO, E_NHOMO, E_NLUMO, Q_C1～Q_C8, Q_N1～Q_N3, Q_O, Q_S和ΔE₁, ΔE₂, ΣQ 等量子化学描述符(q_c). 通过最佳变量子集回归建立13 种上述化合物对大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等抑菌活性(A_J: A_e, A_m 和A_s) 的QSAR 模型. 对于大肠杆菌的A_e 模型的相关系数(R²)和逐一剔除法交叉验证系数R_cv² 依次为0.930 和0.871, 相应白色念珠菌A_m 模型为0.926 和0.869, A_s 模型为0.781 和0.572. 通过R_adj², F, R_cv², VIF, AIC, FIT 等检验, 上述模型具有令人满意的稳健性和预测能力. 结果显示ΔE₁ 和ΣQ 直接影响这些化合物的生物活性: ΣQ 增大, 其抑菌活性增强; ΔE₁ 越高, A_J 下降. 据此提出三唑类化合物分子可能的抑菌机理. 由此发现, 在三唑类化合物分子的R 中合适部位选用吸电子能力较强的取代基团进行结构修饰, 有利于提高被修饰后分子的抑菌活性. 根据对R 进行结构修饰(共提出11 种化合物), 得出4 种抑菌活性均超出100%的三唑类化合物(质量分数为0.01%), 希望将来得到生物实验的证实.     

气相色谱法测定阳离子表面活性剂合成体系中脂肪烷基二甲基叔胺

选用HP-NINOWax毛细管色谱柱及氢火焰离子化检测器（FID），采用程序升温，建立了4种脂肪烷基二甲基叔胺的分析方法。结果表明，4种脂肪烷基二甲基叔胺质量浓度在0.005~1.0 g/L范围内，其峰面积与质量浓度有良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）在0.9996以上。检出限（LODs，信噪比为3）在0.001~0.002 g/L之间，定量限（LOQs，信噪比为10）在0.003~0.005 g/L之间，回收率在90%~130%之间，相对标准偏差为1.3%~6.9%（n=6）。方法的线性范围宽、回收率高、选择性好，可用于叔胺的产品质量分析及生产过程控制分析。利用该方法对阳离子表面活性剂合成反应中十六烷基二甲基叔胺进行监测，结果很好地符合双分子亲核取代反应。该方法比滴定分析法更快速、精确，与液相色谱法相比，不需要进行柱前衍生或者使用色谱-质谱联用仪器。     

多氟代、多氯代和多溴代二苯并对二噁英化合物的一些性质的比较研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 在B3LYP/6-311G**和B3LYP/6-31G*两种水平上, 对76种多氟代二苯并对二噁英系列化合物(PFDDs)进行了几何构型的全优化, 并计算了各分子在298.15 K, 1.013×10⁵ Pa的标准状态下的热力学参数. 基组从6-31G*增大到6-311G**没有显著改变标准生成热(Δ_fH^?)、标准生成自由能(Δ_fG^?)和标准熵(S^?)数值. 根据B3LYP/6-311G**水平计算得到的Δ_fG^?的相对大小, 求得PFDDs同数目取代氟原子的各异构体的相对稳定性的顺序. 采用基团贡献法计算了多溴代二苯并对二噁英(PBDDs)、多氯代二苯并对二噁英(PCDDs)和PFDDs的辛醇-水分配系数(lg K_ow). 并将PFDDs的Δ_fH^?, Δ_fG^?, S^?和lg K_ow的计算结果与PBDDs和PCDDs的相关数值进行了比较. 同时, 计算了PFDDs各组异构体化合物的生成反应相对速率常数, 采用统计热力学程序计算了这些化合物在200至1800 K的恒压摩尔热容(C_p,m), 并用最小二乘法求得C_p,m与温度之间的相关方程, 发现C_p,m与T, T^－1和T^－2之间有着很好的相关性.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测干血点中的同型半胱氨酸

建立了一种高通量液相色谱-串联质谱技术检测干血点(DBS)中同型半胱氨酸(homocycteine, Hcy)的方法。以DBS为样本,homocystine-D8为同位素内标,二硫苏糖醇(DTT)为蛋白结合态Hcy的还原剂,使用含0.1%(v/v)甲酸、0.05%(v/v)三氟乙酸的乙腈溶液萃取。整个前处理过程使用自动移液平台及96孔板实现高通量自动化操作。处理后的样本经过Phenomenex CN柱分离,使用多反应监测模式进行LC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:Hcy的检出限为0.12 μ mol/L(S/N=3),定量限为0.46 μ mol/L(S/N=10)。Hcy在1.16~148.00 μ mol/L范围内线性关系良好,R²=0.994。Hcy的平均回收率为(103.0±4.97)%~(112.0±2.13)%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~4.6%,日间RSD为1.5%~7.1%。DBS样本在不同温度(-4、-20、22和37℃)下储存不同时间(0、1、2、3、4、5、6、14天)后的稳定性试验显示样本总体RSD<15%,经前处理后的样本在48 h内的稳定性试验显示样本总体RSD<5%。该方法与传统生化分析方法的相关性好(R²=0.9818, n=47)。     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

Synthesis of Some Novel Class of Bis(isoxazoline) and Bis(aziridine) Derivatives

Synthesis of some new bis(isoxazoline) derivatives has been described from terepthaldehyde derived bis(nitrones) using microwave irradiation via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Bis(isoxazoline) derivatives in turn successfully converted into new bis(aziridine) derivatives via Baldwin rearrangement. Simple reaction methodology, non involvement of catalysts, and good to excellent yields are the important features noticed in this synthesis.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

柴油加氢精制催化剂制备技术

柴油加氢精制催化剂制备技术的发展大致经历了3个阶段,由此形成了三代柴油加氢催化剂:单层分散的负载型金属硫化物催化剂,多层分散的负载型金属硫化物催化剂和非负载型金属硫化物催化剂。本文对金属硫化钼基柴油加氢精制催化剂的应用背景、制备思想及催化剂研究开发现状进行了系统的总结,对柴油加氢催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

The development and application of guidance on equipment qualification of analytical instruments

 This paper describes the development of guidance for the equipment qualification (EQ) of analytical instruments. EQ is a formal process that provides documented evidence that an instrument is fit for its intended purpose and kept in a state of maintenance and calibration consistent with its use.     

Electrochemically selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic and uric acids on the surface of the modified Nafion/single wall carbon nanotube/poly(3-methylthiophene) glassy carbon electrodes

A voltammetric method based on a combination of incorporated Nafion, single-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(3-methylthiophene) film-modified glassy carbon electrode (NF/SWCNT/PMT/GCE) has been successfully developed for selective determination of dopamine (DA) in the ternary mixture of dopamine, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 4. It was shown that to detect DA from binary DA-AA mixture, the use of NF/PMT/GCE was sufficient, but to detect DA from ternary DA-AA-UA mixture NF/SWCNT/PMT/GCE was required. The later modified electrode exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity towards AA, DA and UA thanks to synergic effect of NF/SWCNT (combining unique properties of SWCNT such as high specific surface area, electrocatalytic and adsorptive properties, with the cation selectivity of NF). On the surface of NF/SWCNT/PMT/GCE AA, DA, UA were oxidized respectively at distinguishable potentials of 0.15, 0.37 and 0.53 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), to form well-defined and sharp peaks, making possible simultaneous determination of each compound. Also, it has several advantages, such as simple preparation method, high sensitivity, low detection limit and excellent reproducibility. Thus, the proposed NF/SWCNT/PMT/GCE could be advantageously employed for the determination of DA in real pharmaceutical formulations.     

Multi-instrument characterization of HiPIMS and DC magnetron sputtered tungsten and copper films

In this work, copper and tungsten were sputtered onto silicon wafers by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The resulting films were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By EDX and XPS, all the sputtered films showed only the expected metal peaks. By XPS, the surfaces sputtered by DCMS were richer in oxygen than those produced by HiPIMS. By AFM, the surfaces were quite smooth. The root mean square (RMS) roughness values are as follows: 0.83 nm (W, HiPIMS), 1.10 nm (W, DCMS), 0.85 nm (Cu, HiPIMS), and 1.78 nm (Cu, DCMS). By SEM, the HiPIMS films exhibited smaller grain sizes, which was confirmed by XRD. The crystallite sizes estimated by XRD are as follows: 4 nm (W, body-centered cubic, HiPIMS), 13 nm (W, body-centered cubic, DCMS), 7 nm (W, cubic, HiPIMS), 14 nm (W, cubic, DCMS), 25 nm (Cu, HiPIMS), and 35 nm (Cu, DCMS). By SE, the HiPIMS surfaces showed higher refractive indices, which suggested that they were denser and less oxidized than the DCMS surfaces.     

Sample preparation and current applications of liquid chromatography for the determination of non-structural carbohydrates in plants

This article summarizes the current methods of determination of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in plant samples based on liquid chromatography (LC). NSCs comprise several types of carbohydrates: sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol), monosaccharides (e.g., glucose and fructose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), oligosaccharides (e.g., raffinose) and polysaccharides [e.g., starch and polyfructans (e.g., inulin)]. NSCs are important in plant metabolism and have to be strictly distinguished from all sorts of structural carbohydrates (e.g., polysaccharide cellulose) that make up the backbone of the plants. Consequently, preservation of structural carbohydrates is a crucial step during sample preparation for NSC determination and is therefore addressed.Sugar alcohols, monosaccharides, disaccharides and those oligosaccharides that are easily soluble in polar solvents can be analyzed directly by high-performance LC. They are also referred to as free carbohydrates (FCs).However, polysaccharides are generally submitted to hydrolyzation into monomers prior to their quantitative analysis. This can be done either chemically, using acids, or enzymatically - both methods are discussed. For identification and quantification of the NSCs after LC separation, the following detectors are used: pulsed amperometry, refractive index, evaporate light scattering and finally, mass spectrometry.