3,4-二硫方酸芳香性和气相酸性的理论研究

在RHF/6-311G^**,RHF/6-311+G^**和B3LYP/6-311+G^**水平优化得到3,4-二硫方酸(3,4-二巯基-3-环丁烯-1,2-二酮)三种平面构象异构体的平衡几何构型.用MP2(Full)/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**方法计算单点能量,发现ZZ型异构体是能量最低构象,且ZZ和ZE型能量非常接近.用优化的最稳定构象ZZ型异构体在RHF/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**,RHF/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**,MP2(Full)/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**//B3LYP/6-311G^**水平计算其气相酸性(ΔG⁰)和同键反应芳香性稳定化能(HASE).用基团加和法(Group Increment Approach)在RHF/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**//B3LYP/6-311G^**水平计算其磁化率增量(Λ).计算结果表明,标题化合物的同键反应芳香性稳定化能和磁化率增量均为负值,表明它具有芳香性,实现了标题化合物芳香性的几何、能量和磁性的判定.     

乙炔基自由基C2H与氧气反应的密度泛函理论研究

应用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论(DFT)对C₂H自由基和O₂的反应进行了研究.在B3LYP/6-311G^**水平上优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,并计算出它们的振动频率和零点振动能(ZPVE).各物种的总能量由CCSD(T)/6-311G^**//B3LYP/6-311G^**给出,并对能量进行了零点能校正.计算结果表明,反应物中自由基C₂H中的边端C进攻O₂形成了中间体1 (HCCOO),中间体1是一个加合产物.由中间体1经过不同的反应通道可以生成不同的产物P₁ (HCO+CO), P₂ (HCCO+O), P₃(CO₂+CH), P₄ (C₂O+OH)和P₅ (2CO+H).反应通道之间存在着竞争机制.其中P₁, P₂是主要产物,其次还有一定比例的P5生成,而产物P₃, P₄的生成几率较低.各条反应通道化学反应热的计算与实验吻合较好.     

基于等温滴定量热法表征的红细胞凝集反应热动力学特性研究

采用等温滴定量热法研究植物凝集素(PHA)作用于20%家兔血红细胞(RBC)的凝集反应过程, 以生物热动力学参数表达凝集反应动力学特征. 结果表明, PHA与家兔血红细胞凝集反应的平衡常数K为3.24×10⁵ L•mol^－1, 反应焓变( )为－238.548 kJ•mol^－1, 反应自由能( )为－32.722 kJ•mol^－1, 反应熵变( )为－0.664 kJ•mol^－1•K^－1. 反应为放热反应(Q＞0), 可自发进行(ΔG＜0), 反应为焓驱动、熵减过程(ΔH＜0, ΔS＜0, |ΔH|＞|TΔS|), 由化学键合作用、氢键和范德华力推动, 反应体系最终处于稳定有序状态. 所建立的微量量热法可以客观表征凝集反应的热动力学过程, 也为其他抗原抗体类型反应的过程评价方法提供新的技术参考.     

OXO（X=Cl,Br）与X(2P3/2)反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311+G^**和高级电子相关的组态相互作用QCISD(T)/6-311+G^**方法研究了OXO与X(²P_3/2)双自由基反应的微观机理.研究结果表明:该反应存在两个反应通道,产物分别为XO和X₂+O₂.由于形成产物XO的活化势垒较低,因而是主要反应通道,这与实验观察到的结果是一致的.而形成X₂+O₂的通道从动力学上看是不利的.     

明胶/Fe2S3纳米生物复合物形成反应的热力学及明胶构象变化

在pH=7.40条件下,采用一锅化学反应法制得水溶性明胶/Fe₂S₃纳米生物复合物,扫描电镜照片显示Fe₂S₃颗粒为棒状.根据吸光度与Fe₂S₃浓度关系,由Benesi-Hildebrand方程计算了不同温度下反应的形成常数K (293 K: 14.47×10² L·mol^-1; 297 K: 9.24×10² L·mol^-1; 309 K: 1.70×10² L·mol^-1)及对应温度下反应的热力学参数(Δ_rG_m = -17.88/-16.68/-13.09 kJ·mol^-1; Δ_rH_m = -105.57 kJ·mol^-1; Δ_rS_m = -299.28 J·K^-1·mol^-1),结果表明明胶/Fe₂S₃纳米生物复合物的形成反应是自发的放热过程,且为焓驱动.傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,Fe₂S₃主要与明胶大分子肽链中的酰胺键结合;对红外光谱进行去卷积拟合,结果表明:明胶蛋白质的 α-螺旋含量减少,β-折叠含量明显增加.结合紫外和红外光谱测试结果对复合物的形成机理作了初步的推测:首先Fe³⁺与明胶大分子中的酰胺键结合形成明胶/Fe³⁺复合物,然后S^2-与明胶/Fe³⁺中的Fe³⁺形成明胶/Fe₂S₃复合物.     

氮苄叉基苯胺及其衍生物的构象

为了探索氮苄叉基苯胺及其衍生物产生大扭角构象的根本原因,对21个分子分别在HF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**水平下进行了全优化和近似的势能面扫描.结果显示,分子扭曲的驱动力源于分子内的电子相互作用,片段间的核排斥作用是分子扭曲的阻力.经B3LYP/6-311G^**势能面扫描后,分别用HF,BLYP,BVWN,B3LYP和MP2法在不同的基组下对各旋转构象再作单点能运算.在简单的NBA分子中,STO-3G可以足够精确地描述分子扭曲的驱动力,但是它不能很好地描述分子内的氢键效应.     

2-氯甲基苯并咪唑硝酸盐的晶体结构、质子化特征及量子化学理论研究

制备了2-氯甲基苯并咪唑硝酸盐(C₈H₈N₂Cl⁺·NO₃^-)化合物,采用元素分析,IR, ¹H NMR和TG-DTA对产物进行了表征,并采用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了该化合物的晶体结构,该化合物属单斜晶系,空间群P21/n, a=0.74189(3) nm, b=1.53064(6) nm, c=1.05478(3) nm, β=120.930(2)º, V=1.02744 nm³, D_c=1.484 g/cm³, Z=4, F(000)=472, μ=0.363 mm^-1, R=0.0659, wR=0.1498, GOF=0.840.在此基础上,采用量子化学方法,在MP2/6-311G^**, B3LYP/6-311G^**和HF/6-311G^**水平上计算了2-氯甲基苯并咪唑及其质子化阳离子的优化构型、电荷分布、振动光谱、热力学函数及总能量.计算结果显示2-氯甲基苯并咪唑环具有较强质子化能力,这与晶体结构结果相一致.     

OBrO+NO反应机理的量子化学研究

用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311+G^**和高级电子相关偶合簇CCSD(T)/6-311+G^**方法研究了OBrO与NO反应的微观机理.优化得到反应路径上的反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型,通过频率振动分析对过渡态和中间体进行了确认.结果表明;该反应是多通道多步骤的放热反应,分别可以在单重态和三重态势能面上进行,OBrO与NO通过加成及加成-消除机理分别形成产物BrONO₂和BrO+NO₂,从能量上看,形成离解产物的通道更容易进行.     

4,6-二甲氧基-2-[甲氧脲基硫代脲基]嘧啶的合成、晶体结构和理论计算

利用2-氨基-4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶在干燥条件下与硫氰酸钾、氯甲酸甲酯在乙酸乙酯溶液中反应制得4-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)-3-硫代脲酸甲酯, 在二甲基甲酰胺溶液中培养出单晶, 通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定分子结构和晶体结构, 晶体属单斜晶系, 空间群为C2/m, 晶胞参数为: a＝1.6672(3) nm, b＝0.66383(12) nm, c＝1.1617(2) nm, β＝109.275(2)°, V＝1.2136(4) nm³, D_c＝1.490 g/cm³, μ＝0.281 mm^－1, F(000)＝568, Z＝4, R₁＝0.0341, wR₂＝0.1042. 运用Gaussian 03程序, 在6-311G的基组水平上, 用HF, MP2以及B3LYP三种计算方法对标题化合物进行了几何全优化, 并对其成键情况及自然键轨道(NBO)进行了分析.     

9-羟基苯嵌萘酮的基态能级劈裂的理论研究

当γ,μ满足一定条件时,六次函数V(R,γ)=C[R⁶+2γR⁴+(γ²+μ)R²]的图像是双势阱,可用来描述质子转移,且其相应的Schrodinger方程有解析解.用此势函数结合一维双势阱模型及变分法,并用B3P86密度泛函方法在6-311G水平下计算了该分子的平衡态和过渡态的构型及能量,研究了9-羟基苯嵌萘酮的基态能级劈裂,与其它理论值相比,所得计算结果[Δ_H(0)=86.13cm^-1]与实验值符合得较好.     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用。随着对AIE发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE分子体系得到了极大的扩展。其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分子波长从可见光区(400~700 nm)延伸到近红外(NIR)区(700~1700 nm)。由于NIR发光分子在生物医学领域中的独特优势,其已成为目前AIE研究的热点。随着对NIR分子设计及应用的不断探索,附加不同功能且发光波长更长的AIE分子也被开发出来了,并实现了对生物体特定组织的NIR荧光成像、光声成像、光动力治疗和光热治疗等。本文总结了近年来具有AIE性能的NIR荧光分子的结构及其在生物医学领域的相关应用。     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

Spectrophotometric study of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin

The reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetics, equilibrium constants as well as photodecomposition of complexes were determined. It was verified that these metal ions with large radius accelerate the incorporation reaction of zinc into TCPP. On the basis of the mechanism and kinetics of this reaction, a sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Zn(II) has been developed. The molar absorptivity of examined Zn-TCPP complex and Sandell's sensitivity at 423 nm were 3.5×10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 18.3 ng cm⁻². The detection limit for the recommended procedure was 1.4×10⁻⁹ M (0.9 ng ml⁻¹) and precision in range 20-100 ng ml⁻¹ not exceeds 2.7% RSD. The proposed method applied for zinc determination in natural waters and nutritional supplement was compared with AAS results and declared value.