阳离子替换磷灰石固溶体的比晶体化学

利用XTD,IR对不同阳离子替换的磷灰石(Ap)固溶体进行了比较晶体化学研究,结果表明：端元二价阳离子对Ap晶格常数(a0,c0)影响是线性的,符合Vegard规律,有较好的x-V习性,可作为阳离子半径测定的"结构尺";对于Cl-PO4体系的Ap,端元离子半径须在0.095～0.134nm之间才能形成空间群为P63/m的Ap结构;异价固溶体可以研究Ca(1)、Ca(2)位置的结晶化学差异,Ca(2)位在晶核形成期生成且决定了晶胞的框架,而Ca(1)位主要影响Co;随阳离子半径增加,[PO4]四面体的ν4,ν3,ν1红外振动峰向低频方向红移;Ap结构中发现"铅异常",形成原因是铅在Ca(2)位的较大电负性。     

混合二价金属钨酸盐的合成及其溶混性研究

本文研究了混合二价金属钨酸盐相互之间在 5 5 0～ 1 1 5 0℃使用骤冷方法形成固溶体的情况。研究表明 ,一般离子半径相差 1 5 %以内的两种二价金属乌酸盐才能形成一完整或范围较广的固溶体 ,当温度允许 ,离子半径可扩大到 2 5 % ,也可形成良好混合的固溶体。但不论何种情况 ,离子半径相差超过 3 0 % ,一般不能进行良好混合 ,只能在较小区间形成固溶体或不形成固溶体。各类二价金属钨酸盐相溶混形成固溶体 ,晶体参数一般呈有规律性变化 ,其中 Ca WO4 ～ Sr WO4 ,Ca WO4～ Pb WO4 ,Ca WO4 ～ Cd WO4 随组成呈线性变化。     

碱土金属双掺杂的Ce_(0.9)Ca_(0.1-x)Sr_xO_(1.9)中温固体电解质的性能与应用

以固相反应方法合成了碱土 (Ca ,Sr)双掺杂的氧化铈基固溶体材料Ce0 .9Ca0 .1 -xSrxO1 .9(x =0 ,0 0 4,0 0 5 ,0 0 6 ,0 1)。结构研究表明 :碱土双掺杂的CeO2 呈立方萤石结构。利用阻抗谱研究了材料的离子导电性 ,发现碱土双掺杂有利于提高材料离子导电率 ,掺杂两种碱土金属离子的等效半径接近临界离子半径时导电率最高。将此系列材料作为电解质进行了燃料电池试验 ,发现电池的输出功率高于YSZ电解质及碱土单掺杂氧化铈 ,且电池输出开路电压亦高于单掺杂的情况。     

混合价簇合物[Et4N]2{(CO)4M}xM'S4][x=1,2; M=Mo(0)或W(0); M'=Mo(VI)或W(VI)]的共振Raman光谱及IR光谱研究

研究了[{CO)4M}xM'S4]^2^-[x=1,2; M=Mo(0), W(0); M'=Mo(VI), W(VI)]系列簇合物共振Raman(RR)光谱及红外(IR)光谱。除了对^νc-o, ^νM(VI)-s(b)[S(b):桥基S], ^νM(VI)-s(t)[S(t): 端基S], ^νM(0)-c, ^δM(0)-c-o进行归属外, 着重讨论^νM(0)-s(b), ^νM(0)-M(VI)的归属。研究了IR谱中Δν[^νM(VI)-s(b)─^νM(0)-s(b)]与M(0)→M(VI)电荷迁移的关系。RR谱研究结果表明, 在[(CO)4^-MS2MoS2]^2^-, [(CO)4MoS2MoS2Mo(CO)4]^2^-中S(b)→M(0)电荷迁移与M(0)→Mo(VI)电荷迁移之间有较明显的相互偶合; 在[(CO)4MS2WS2]^2^-中S(b)→W(VI)与M(0)→W(VI)电荷迁移、S(t)→W(VI)与M(0)→W(VI)电荷迁移之间也分别存在明显的相互偶合, 说明了它们存在强的电子离域。本系列簇合物中二核簇的电子离域程度比三核簇强。     

混合价簇合物[Et4N]2{(CO)4M}xM'S4][x=1,2; M=Mo(0)或W(0); M'=Mo(VI)或W(VI)]的共振Raman光谱及IR光谱研究

研究了[{CO)4M}xM'S4]^2^-[x=1,2; M=Mo(0), W(0); M'=Mo(VI), W(VI)]系列簇合物共振Raman(RR)光谱及红外(IR)光谱。除了对^νc-o, ^νM(VI)-s(b)[S(b):桥基S], ^νM(VI)-s(t)[S(t): 端基S], ^νM(0)-c, ^δM(0)-c-o进行归属外, 着重讨论^νM(0)-s(b), ^νM(0)-M(VI)的归属。研究了IR谱中Δν[^νM(VI)-s(b)─^νM(0)-s(b)]与M(0)→M(VI)电荷迁移的关系。RR谱研究结果表明, 在[(CO)4^-MS2MoS2]^2^-, [(CO)4MoS2MoS2Mo(CO)4]^2^-中S(b)→M(0)电荷迁移与M(0)→Mo(VI)电荷迁移之间有较明显的相互偶合; 在[(CO)4MS2WS2]^2^-中S(b)→W(VI)与M(0)→W(VI)电荷迁移、S(t)→W(VI)与M(0)→W(VI)电荷迁移之间也分别存在明显的相互偶合, 说明了它们存在强的电子离域。本系列簇合物中二核簇的电子离域程度比三核簇强。     

基于PbI_2的有机-无机杂化化合物的合成和晶体结构（英文）

合成得到了2个新的有机-无机杂化化合物{(4-CH_3-Bz-4-Ph-Py)[PbI_3]}_n(1)(其中4-CH_3-Bz-4-Ph-Py是4-甲基苄基-4-苯基吡啶阳离子)和{(4-CF3-Bz-4-Ph-Py)[PbI_3]}_n(2)(其中4-CF_3-Bz-4-Ph-Py是4-三氟甲基苄基-4-苯基吡啶阳离子)。对化合物1和2进行了元素分析、粉末X射线衍射等表征,并利用X射线单晶衍射测定了它们的单晶结构。化合物1属于正交晶系,P2_12_12空间群;化合物2与1同构。结构研究表明,化合物1和2中,铅碘八面体通过共边连接方式,形成[Pb_3I_9]_n三链,有机阳离子填充在无机碘化铅链空隙中。     

二溴羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测定铅的研究

研究了铅与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵存在下的显色反应。在硼酸盐缓冲介质中铅与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( CTMAB)存在下形成红色络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 5 4 0 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 6.1× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1· cm- 1。铅含量在 0～ 30μg/2 5 m L符合比耳定律。本法应用于测定市售化妆品、人工湖水中的铅 ,结果准确可靠     

Al,Zn,Cu和Cd固溶于B2-MgLi本征特性的第一原理研究

采用第一原理方法研究镁锂中间相化合物固溶体的本征特性,研究了Al,Zn,Cu和Cd固溶于B2-MgLi合金中形成Mg8Li7X固溶体及Mg4Li3X固溶体的态密度,并对其晶格常数、弹性模量、体模量与剪切模量之比B/G以及泊松比ν进行了计算.结果表明:固溶体晶格常数与合金原子半径的变化趋势相同,Al固溶于B2-MgLi合金中形成Mg8Li7Al固溶体热力学上是不稳定的,Zn和Cd固溶于B2-MgLi合金,合金的强度得到提高,但韧性和塑性降低;相反,Cu固溶于B2-MgLi合金,不利于合金强度的提高,但能增强合金的韧性和塑性.     

SnO_2基固溶体用于甲烷深度氧化:X射线衍射外推法测定SnO_2晶格容量（英文）

CH_4和CO是两种主要的温室效应气体和空气污染物,催化氧化是最有效的消除CH_4和CO的方法.研发不含贵金属的金属氧化物催化剂或者减少催化剂中贵金属用量为该领域研究热点.SnO_2是一种重要的宽禁带n型半导体材料,广泛应用于气敏器件、锂离子电池以及光电设备.SnO_2表面富含活泼的缺位氧且具有良好的热稳定性,因此其在催化方面的性能近年来逐渐受到人们关注.在过去的5年中,本团队深入研究了SnO_2材料在空气污染治理和绿色能源生产等领域的应用及其催化性质.发现通过其它阳离子如Fe~(3+),Cr~(3+),Ta~(5+),Ce~(4+)和Nb~(5+)等的掺杂,替换晶格中部分Sn~(4+),形成金红石型SnO_2固溶体结构,显著提高了催化剂氧物种的流动性、活性和催化剂本身的热稳定性.固溶体材料是一类重要的催化剂,受到广泛关注.一个典型的例子是铈锆固溶体,其作为储氧材料已广泛应用于汽车尾气净化器.形成固溶体结构后,氧化铈的储氧能力和热稳定性得到显著提高.为有效形成固溶体,两个阳离子需要具有相似的离子半径和电负性.以往,人们基于结构中金属阳离子和氧阴离子的离子半径提出了容忍因子的判别方法,以此来判断固溶体是否能有效形成及所生成固溶体的稳定性.我们在前期工作中,以Sn-Nb固溶体为例,提出了简单的X射线衍射(XRD)外推法来计算固溶体晶格容量,即形成稳定固溶体时客体阳离子取代主体晶格阳离子的最大值.作为延续工作,本文采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Sn/M(M=Mn,Zr,Ti,Pb)摩尔比为9/1的SnO_2基催化剂,并用于CH_4和CO催化氧化.结果表明,Mn~(3+),Zr~(4+),Ti~(4+)和Pb~(4+)均可以掺杂进四方金红石型SnO_2晶格中,形成稳定的固溶体结构.其中Sn-Mn-O固溶体表现出最高活性.为了深入研究Mn_2O_3在SnO_2中的晶格容量及最优催化剂配比,采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Sn/Mn摩尔比的样品,采用XRD,N_2-BET,H_2-TPR,SEM和XPS等手段对其物理化学性能进行了表征,并考察了对CH_4的催化氧化性能.通过XRD外推法测定了Mn~(3+)离子在SnO_2中的晶格容量为0.135g Mn_2O_3/g SnO_2,相当于Sn/Mn摩尔比为79/21.这表明形成稳定的固溶体后,SnO_2晶格中最多只有21%Sn~(4+)可以被Mn~(3+)替代;当Mn~(3+)含量超过晶格容量时,过量的Mn~(3+)在催化剂表面形成Mn_2O_3,对催化剂活性不利.类似于Sn-Nb-O固溶体,在Sn-Mn-O催化剂体系中亦观察到明显的晶格容量效应.纯相的Sn-Mn-O固溶体比含过量Mn_2O_3晶相的Sn-Mn-O催化剂具有更高活性.     

Ca0.61Nd0.26TiO3粉体：熔盐法制备及烧结特性

钙钛矿结构的(Ca1-xLn2/3x)TiO3体系是CaTiO3中的Ca2+被三价的稀土离子Ln3+(hn,Nd和Sm等稀土元素)不等价置换所形成的固溶体,该固溶体具有高介电常数、高品质因数等特点[1,2],这在微波器件小型化应用中具有重要的意义.     

Solid solutions in binary halide systems having a common anion

Deviations of experimental liquidus curves from ideal curves calculated by the Schröder equation are analyzed for halides that form eutectic systems and systems containing solid solutions. Analysis of phase diagrams shows that the key factors for solid solution formation in binary halide systems having a common anion are as follows: component crystal lattices and close values of the effective radii and polarizing powers of the cations.     

正离子的边界半径

本文建议和讨论了离子的边界半径, 给出了一价正离子的边界半径的周期表以及某些常见正离子的边界半径。正离子的边界半径与SP半径、Pauling离子半径、晶体离子半径等有一定的关联, 显示了其合理性和可应用性。由这些关联性质, 还可以预言某些元素的难以测定的电离能。     

硅质固体废物蒸压反应活性的红外光谱研究

通过红外光谱法研究了粉煤灰、陶瓷抛光废渣和煤粉炉渣等硅质固体废物-石灰体系的蒸压反应特性。6种硅质固体废物的红外光谱强吸收区Si—O伸缩振动频率分别为1103、1098、1094、1091、1078、1033 cm-1,硅质固体废物-石灰体系在160℃和1.2 MPa饱和蒸汽压下蒸压养护。结果表明,Si—O伸缩振动频率越低,其蒸压样品的结合水量越大,Ca(OH)2参与反应的比例越高,蒸压反应活性越高。单独硅质固体废物经蒸压处理,其傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)显示,强吸收区的Si—O吸收谱带向低频率方向移动,表明其硅氧四面体聚合程度下降,反应活性增加。     

Photophysical and photocatalytic properties of Ca(1-x)BixVxMo(1-x)O4 solid solutions

New solid solutions with the composition of Ca(1-x)BixVxMo(1-x)O4 prepared by a solid-state method were found as novel photocatalysts with enhanced activity for O(2) evolution from aqueous solutions containing sacrificial reagent AgNO3 under visible-light irradiation (>420 nm). The obtained solid solutions crystallized in tetragonal crystal structures, except one of the end compounds, BiVO4, which crystallized in monoclinic structures. The diffuse reflection spectra of the solid solutions shift monotonically to a long wavelength as the ratio of Bi (V) ions to Ca (Mo) ions increases in the solid solution. The band structure and the dependence of the photocatalytic properties were discussed in relation to the solid-solution compositions and photophysical properties.     

Infrared absorption of CH3OSO and CD3OSO radicals produced upon photolysis of CH3OS(O)Cl and CD3OS(O)Cl in p-H2 matrices

Irradiation at 239 ± 20 nm of a p-H(2) matrix containing methoxysulfinyl chloride, CH(3)OS(O)Cl, at 3.2 K with filtered light from a medium-pressure mercury lamp produced infrared (IR) absorption lines at 3028.4 (attributable to ν(1), CH(2) antisymmetric stretching), 2999.5 (ν(2), CH(3) antisymmetric stretching), 2950.4 (ν(3), CH(3) symmetric stretching), 1465.2 (ν(4), CH(2) scissoring), 1452.0 (ν(5), CH(3) deformation), 1417.8 (ν(6), CH(3) umbrella), 1165.2 (ν(7), CH(3) wagging), 1152.1 (ν(8), S=O stretching mixed with CH(3) rocking), 1147.8 (ν(9), S=O stretching mixed with CH(3) wagging), 989.7 (ν(10), C-O stretching), and 714.5 cm(-1) (ν(11), S-O stretching) modes of syn-CH(3)OSO. When CD(3)OS(O)Cl in a p-H(2) matrix was used, lines at 2275.9 (ν(1)), 2251.9 (ν(2)), 2083.3 (ν(3)), 1070.3 (ν(4)), 1056.0 (ν(5)), 1085.5 (ν(6)), 1159.7 (ν(7)), 920.1 (ν(8)), 889.0 (ν(9)), 976.9 (ν(10)), and 688.9 (ν(11)) cm(-1) appeared and are assigned to syn-CD(3)OSO; the mode numbers correspond to those used for syn-CH(3)OSO. The assignments are based on the photolytic behavior and a comparison of observed vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities, and deuterium isotopic shifts with those predicted with the B3P86∕aug-cc-pVTZ method. Our results extend the previously reported four transient IR absorption bands of gaseous syn-CH(3)OSO near 2991, 2956, 1152, and 994 cm(-1) to 11 lines, including those associated with C-O, O-S, and S=O stretching modes. Vibrational wavenumbers of syn-CD(3)OSO are new. These results demonstrate the advantage of a diminished cage effect of solid p-H(2) such that the Cl atom, produced via UV photodissociation of CH(3)OS(O)Cl in situ, might escape from the original cage to yield isolated CH(3)OSO radicals.     

Some Structural Properties of the Mixed Lead–Magnesium Hydroxyapatites

Lead–magnesium hydroxyapatite solid solutions Pb_(10–x)Mg _x (PO₄)₆(OH)₂ have been prepared via a hydrothermal process. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), chemical and IR spectroscopic analyses. The results of the structural refinement indicated that the limits of lead-magnesium solid solutions (x ≤ 1.5), a regular decrease of the lattice constant a and a preferential magnesium distribution in site S(I). Through the progressive replacement of Pb²⁺ (r = 0.133 nm) by the smaller cation Mg²⁺ (r = 0.072 nm), all interatomic distances decrease in accordance with the decrease of the cell parameters. According to what could be expected from the coordinance of the metallic sites S(I) (hexacoordination) and S(II) (heptacoordination), the small magnesium cation preferentially occupies the four sites S(I). The results of the TEM analysis confirm the presence of magnesium in the starting solution and reveals the decrease in the average size of crystals. The IR spectra show the presence of the absorption bands characteristic for the apatite structure.     

Coordination solids via assembly of adaptable components: systematic structural variation in alkaline earth organosulfonate networks

A family of alkaline earth organosulfonate coordination solids is reported. In contrast to more typical crystal engineering approaches, these solids are sustained by the assembly of building blocks that are coordinatively adaptable rather than rigid in their bonding preferences. The ligand, 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate, L, progressively evolves from a 0D, 1D, 2D, to a 3D microporous network with the Group II cations Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), and Ba(2+), (compounds 1-4), respectively. This trend in dimensionality can be explained by considering factors such as hard-soft acid-base principles and cation radii, a rationalization which follows salient crystal engineering principles. The selective gas sorption properties of the microporous 3D network [Ba(L)(H(2)O)].H(2)O, 4, with different gaseous guests are also presented.     

Sr,Ca掺杂对铝酸盐蓝色荧光粉性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备了掺杂Sr,Ca的碱土金属铝酸盐蓝色荧光粉。通过测试发现粉样的发光强度与热稳定性均有了较大提高。这与Sr,Ca取代BaMgAl10O17:Eu^2 中的部分Ba后晶体结构变化有关。掺杂少量的Sr,Ca后,所得荧光粉的晶格参数c变小,晶胞体积也随之变小。因此减小了对发光有害的缺陷浓度,并增加了粉样的热稳定性能。     

一种基于Lindqvist型多酸阴离子的三维多金属铌酸盐的晶体结构(英文)

利用扩散法合成了K_3 NaH_1Nb_6O_(19)·11H_2O(1),借助IR、UV和X射线单晶衍射分析对这种化合物进行了结构和性质研究.其晶胞参数为:a=1.812 8(6)nm,b=1.790 8(6)nm,c=1.8130(7)nm,V=5.886(4)nm~3,Z=8,R_1[I>2σ(I)]=0.071 0,ωR_2[I>2σ(I)]=0.1857.化合物1由一个Lindqvist型[H_4Nb_6O_(19)]~1聚阴离子,三个K~4离子,一个Na~+离子和十一个H_2O组成.     

Synthesis and Properties of Solid Solutions in The FeVMoO7–CrVMoO7 System

X-ray phase analysis (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and IR spectroscopy have shown that continuous substitution solid solutionsin are formed in the FeVMoO₇–CrVMoO₇ system. With increasing the degree of Cr³⁺ ion incorporation into the FeVMoO₇ structure, a crystal lattice contraction of the Fe_1–xCrxVMoO₇ solid solution arise. Elevation of temperature of its incongruent melting and gradual shifting of the corresponding IR absorption bands towards higher wavenumbers have been noticed, as well. The solid product of incongruent melting for x≤0.5 is the Fe_4–yCr_yV₂ Mo₃ O₂₀ solid solutions phase, whereas for x>0.5 Fe_2–zCr_z(MoO₄)₃ and Fe_2–u Cr_u O₃ solid solutions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.