2,3,5,6-四氟苯甲醇的合成

经氟代、水解脱羧、酯化、还原等步骤合成了杀虫剂四氟苯菊酯的重要中间体2,3,5,6-四氟苯甲醇, 改进了氟代反应的无水操作和反应条件, 产物四氟对苯二甲腈纯度高达98.3%, 通过加入水参与反应改进了水解反应, 使水解和脱羧由两步反应变为一步, 且产物为只脱一个羧基的2,3,5,6-四氟苯甲酸, 收率可以高达92.5%, 用相对价廉的NaBH₄/I₂体系还原2,3,5,6-四氟苯甲酸甲酯以52.3%的收率得到了目标产物, 总收率29.6%.     

2-氨基-4-氟吡啶合成工艺研究

2-氨基-4-氟吡啶是制备酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂和醛固酮合酶抑制剂等酶抑制剂的重要中间体。已报道的制备方法均存在一些缺陷,难以满足工业化生产。本文以4-氯吡啶-2-甲酰胺为原料,经酰胺脱水、卤素交换、氰基水解、霍夫曼降解等反应得到目标化合物。产物结构经1H NMR和GC-MS确证。本文采用的合成方法简单、反应条件温和、产物收率及纯度高,总收率达48.5%,GC纯度达到99.5%以上,适合工业化生产。     

双标记~(13)C,~(15)N_3-呋喃妥因的制备

以双标记13 C,15 N3-氨基脲为原料,先与苯甲醛缩合,继而与氯乙酸乙酯取代、环化,再经盐酸水解反应后与5-硝基糠醛二乙酯反应,最终制得双标记13 C,15 N3-呋喃妥因.产物经红外光谱、高效液相色谱及质谱表征.结果表明,所选用的合成路线反应条件温和,产物总收率高于60%,且同位素丰度不下降;目标产物的化学纯度>99.0%,13 C同位素丰度>98%,15 N同位素丰度>99%.     

2-甲基-4,5-二硝基三唑-1-氧化物的合成及其结构表征

以乙二醛、甲基肼和盐酸羟胺为起始原料,经缩合、肟化得到中间体肟基甲腙;该中间体不经分离直接加入到硫酸铜-吡啶-水体系中,经缩合环化得到2-甲基三唑-1-氧化物(MTO);随后用混酸(硝酸+硫酸)硝化得到目标产物2-甲基-4,5-二硝基三唑-1-氧化物(DNMTO);初步探讨了环化反应的机理,研究了反应温度与时间等因素对硝化反应的影响,确定了最佳硝化反应条件.与此同时,利用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱及元素分析等分析了中间产物和DNMTO的组成和结构.结果表明,目标产物的总收率为16%,纯度为99%;最佳硝化反应温度为100℃,最佳硝化反应时间为0.5h.     

对硝基甲苯合成3,4-二甲基苯胺的研究

以对硝基甲苯为原料,经胺甲基化、水解、还原3步反应合成了目标化合物。通过单因素实验,分析每一步反应的关键影响因素,初步得到适宜的合成条件。最终产物的结构经核磁氢谱、质谱、元素分析进行确证,纯度经气相色谱分析。3,4-二甲基苯胺的总收率56.6%,纯度大于98.5%。该合成路线原料易得,成本较低,操作简单。     

高锰酸钾氧化法合成2-甲酸吡啶

以2-甲基吡啶为原料,水为溶剂,经80℃下高锰酸钾氧化和乙醇重结晶得到2-甲酸吡啶;采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振谱仪表征了目标产物的结构;考察了高锰酸钾用量、溶剂用量和反应时间对产物收率的影响,讨论了重结晶试剂的选择,进而确定了合成2-甲酸吡啶的较优条件.结果表明:以水作反应溶剂,控制原料和高锰酸钾的摩尔比为1∶2.3时,反应时间为5~6 h,以乙醇重结晶,目标产物的总收率达79.7%.     

原位酸树脂催化合成丙烯酸高碳烷基酯

以原位酸树脂为催化剂合成了丙烯酸高碳烷基酯。探讨了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、阻聚剂对苯二酚用量、反应温度、反应时间等对反应产物收率的影响。结果表明,高碳烷基醇与丙烯酸摩尔比1:1.2,催化剂和阻聚剂用量分别为高碳烷基醇质量的5.0%和0.8%,反应温度为140℃,反应时间为6h,产物收率为90.0%～97.0%,产物纯度为92.00%～98.00%。催化剂经甲醇活化,循环使用5次后产品收率为75.0%。该研究为丙烯酸高碳烷基酯的合成提供了一种新的方法。     

2-氯-3-乙基吡啶的合成工艺研究

2-氯-3-乙基吡啶是一种重要的医药中间体,本文对其合成工艺进行研究与优化,并设计了一种新的合成方法。目标产物以2-氯烟醛为原料,经Witting反应和还原反应制得,其结构经~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR证实,总收率为61.6%。该方法原料廉价易得,操作简单,路线较短且收率和纯度均较高,易于实现工业化生产。     

三尖杉酯碱侧链酸的不对称合成及结构表征

以N-Boc苏氨醛为起始原料,经Wittig、Meisenheimer重排和催化氢化系列反应,不对称合成了天然产物三尖杉酯碱的侧链酸,中间体及目标产物结构经核磁共振(1 H NMR、13 C NMR)、红外光谱和质谱表征.结果表明,所用合成方法具有产率高、反应条件温和、操作简单等优点;目标化合物的总收率达30%.     

光学纯(S)-2-(苄氧酰氨基)-4-氧代丁酸苄酯的合成和结构表征

以L-蛋氨酸为起始原料,经甲基化、水解、羧基和氨基保护及氯铬酸吡啶嗡盐(PCC)氧化等6步反应,合成了高光学纯度的(S)-2-(苄氧酰氨基)-4-氧代丁酸苄酯。通过1HNMR、IR、MS和mp测试技术表征了其结构;分别用手性柱HPLC和旋光仪法测定了它的化学纯度和光学纯度(ee%值)分别为99.3%和99.5%,产物的总收率为30.0%。     

反相高效液相色谱法分离重组促红细胞生成素

利用反相高效液相色谱法对重组促红细胞生成素进行了纯化。结果表明,利用Ｃ４反相柱和乙腈－三氟乙酸流动相在洗脱梯度和上样样品纯度等条件都较适当时,可以简单、快速、高效地从粗品中分离出重组促红细胞生成素,获得的产品纯度高,接近１００％;比活性好,约为１．９６×１０８ＩＵ／ｇ蛋白。     

Purification of folic acid candidate reference material by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

An effective process for the purification of folic acid candidate reference material with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Pre-HPLC) was developed in this study. During the process of experimental operation, parameters including the influences of mobile phase, flow rate, and injection volume on the purity and yield were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as follows: the mobile phase was acetonitrile and water in a gradient mode with flow rate of 16?mL/min and injection volume of 2.0?mL at concentration of 10?mg/mL. Under the conditions, the purity and yield of folic acid product were up to 99.4% and 21.0%, respectively, whereas the purity of folic acid raw material was 95.2%. The purified folic acid product was characterized by LC–MS, HPLC, Karl Fischer coulometer, and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR). Results proved that the main component of the product was folic acid and the purities determined by HPLC and qNMR were consistent. Two impurities including N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid and pteroic acid were further quantified by LC–MS. Compared with the recrystallization approach, the purity of folic acid obtained by Pre-HPLC increased from 98.2% to 99.4%.     

(S)-美托洛尔的不对称合成

用自制的(S,S)-Salen Co(Ⅲ)OAc催化剂水解动力学拆分外消旋环氧氯丙烷得到高光学纯的(S)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇和较高光学纯的(R)-环氧氯丙烷。 以(S)-3氯-1,2-丙二醇为手性原料和4-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯酚缩合,再与氯化亚砜反应得环状亚硫酸酯,最后和异丙胺反应得(S)-美托洛尔,光学纯度大于99%。 另外以(R)-环氧氯丙烷为手性原料和4-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯酚反应,再与异丙胺作用得到(S)-美托洛尔,光学纯度大于92%。 (S)-美托洛尔的总收率为53.9%,结构经IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS测试技术确证。 该路线原料利用率高,拆分后的2种产物均能用于目标化合物的合成。     

Kinetic Separation of Oxygen and Argon Using Molecular Sieve Carbon

A pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) simulation study was performed for the separation of a mixture of 95% O₂ and 5% Ar using a molecular sieve carbon (MSC) as the adsorbent. Two PSA cycles have been outlined to maximize the recovery of either argon or oxygen as a high purity product. The effect of cycle parameters such as cocurrent depressurization pressure, purge/feed ratio, pressure ratio and adsorption pressure on the separation of O₂/Ar has been studied. It was found that it is feasible to obtain an argon product of purity in excess of 80% with reasonably high recovery using one of the cycles. The other cycle is capable of producing high purity oxygen (>99%) at high recovery (>50%) with reasonably high product throughputs. The PSA process can be conducted at room temperature and hence has an advantage over conventional processes like cryogenic distillation and cryogenic adsorption.     

通过硼氢化-原位再结晶提高二异松莰烷基硼烷光学纯度的简便方法

本文叙述了由国产低光学纯(43.6%e e)(-)-α-蒎烯通过硼氢化-原位再结晶, 制备高光学纯(97.2%ee)(+)-二异松茨烷基硼烷(diisopinocampheylborane, Ipc2BH)的简便新方法。     

Separation of D‐psicose and D‐fructose using simulated moving bed chromatography

Simulated moving bed (SMB) processes have been widely used in the sugar industries with ion‐exchange resin as a stationary phase. D ‐Psicose, a rare monosaccharide known as a valuable pharmaceutical substrate, was synthesized by the enzymatic conversion from D ‐fructose. The SMB process was adopted to separate D ‐psicose from D ‐fructose. Before the SMB experiment, the reaction mixture including D ‐psicose and D ‐fructose was treated by a deashing process to remove contaminants, such as buffers, proteins, and other organic materials. Four columns packed with Dowex 50WX4‐Ca²⁺ (200–400 mesh) ion‐exchange resins were used in the four‐zone SMB. Single‐step frontal analysis was performed to estimate the isotherm parameters of each monosaccharide. The operating conditions of the SMB process were determined based on the Equilibrium Theory. According to the simulation of the SMB process, the purity and yield of extract product (D ‐psicose) achieved were 99.04 and 97.46%, respectively and those of raffinate product (D ‐fructose) were 99.06 and 99.53%, respectively. Under the optimized operating condition, complete separation (extract purity = 99.36%, raffinate purity = 99.67%) was achieved experimentally.     

立体定向合成粘虫性信息素

粘虫是一种多食性害虫,分布极广。它的危害对象包括麦类、水稻、玉米等十多种粮食和经济作物。1979年Takahashi等首先确定粘虫雄蛾(Mythimna Separata male)的性信息素,这是由8:1比例混合的(Z)-11-十六碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯3和(Z)-11-十六碳烯-1-醇4组     

An improved method for the preparation of [<Superscript>14</Superscript>C]thiourea of high radiochemical purity

Summary An improved method for the preparation of [¹⁴C]thiourea of high radiochemical purity is described. [¹⁴C]thiourea is prepared by the barium cyanamide route and is purified by vacuum-sublimation. The labeled product showed ammonium [¹⁴C]thiocyanate as a radiochemical impurity in the range of 2-4%. This was further purified by silica-gel column chromatography to get the product having more than 99% radiochemical purity.     

制备型高效液相色谱法分离纯化川西獐牙菜提取物中的龙胆苦苷

龙胆苦苷(GPS)是龙胆类药材及其相关制品质量控制的指标成分。本研究利用制备型高效液相色谱从川西獐牙菜提取物中分离纯化龙胆苦苷对照品。对制备色谱的流动相组成、流速、进样量和检测波长等制备参数进行了优化。采用的色谱柱为C18柱(200 mm×50 mm, 5 μm),流动相为甲醇和0.1%乙酸水溶液(体积比为30:70),流速为75 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,进样体积为500 μL。在30 min的运行时间内,龙胆苦苷与其他干扰成分得到了很好的分离,产品纯度达到了99%以上。此方法具有快速高效、产品纯度高的特点,可用于制备龙胆苦苷对照品和对龙胆苦苷制品的质量控制。