多孔壳聚糖膜对醇—水体系中醛的吸附性能

研究了多孔壳聚糖膜对乙醇－水混合体系中微量醛的吸附性能。通过对影响其吸咐性能的各种因素如壳聚糖膜的制备方法。用量、醇－水体中醇浓度、酸度及其温度等的研究,认为壳聚糖适用于醇－水混合体系中微量醛的清除,并据此提出了吸附操作的优化条件。     

掺杂柚子皮的壳聚糖膜对模拟染料废水的吸附研究

以掺杂柚子皮的壳聚糖膜为吸附剂对模拟染料废水吸附性能进行研究,以吸附孔雀石绿为例,分别考察了吸附时间、柚子皮与壳聚糖的质量配比、孔雀石绿初始浓度及吸附膜厚度对吸附效果的影响,并研究了掺杂柚子皮壳聚糖膜对孔雀石绿的等温吸附模型和吸附动力学.结果表明：掺杂柚子皮的壳聚糖膜对染料有较强的吸附能力,在25℃下,pH为7,吸附时间120 min,孔雀石绿浓度为9.10 g·L^-1,壳聚糖和柚子皮粉末质量比为3∶2,柚子皮壳聚糖膜溶液质量（膜厚度）为7.11 g的条件下吸附率达95.7%.柚子皮壳聚糖膜对孔雀石绿的吸附符合二级动力学模型及Freundlich等温吸附模型.在相同条件下,对亚甲基蓝、中性红、结晶紫及混合染料的吸附率分别为95.1%,96.5%,94.9%及94.6%.     

然聚电解质壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖配合物膜的研制

制备了一种新型聚电解质膜壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖配合物膜, 并对膜的结构进行了初步表征; 同时考察了不同配比的配合物膜对模型蛋白质溶菌酶的吸附性能. 结果表明, 在碱性条件下(pH＝9.2), 随着羧甲基壳聚糖含量的增加, 膜对溶菌酶的吸附能力也随之增强; 当羧甲基壳聚糖的含量为w＝40%时, 膜的吸附性能较佳, 可达92 mg/g.     

然聚电解质壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖配合物膜的研制

制备了一种新型聚电解质膜壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖配合物膜, 并对膜的结构进行了初步表征; 同时考察了不同配比的配合物膜对模型蛋白质溶菌酶的吸附性能. 结果表明, 在碱性条件下(pH＝9.2), 随着羧甲基壳聚糖含量的增加, 膜对溶菌酶的吸附能力也随之增强; 当羧甲基壳聚糖的含量为w＝40%时, 膜的吸附性能较佳, 可达92 mg/g.     

外加盐对壳聚糖树脂吸附游离酸的影响

利用电化实验技术,跟踪观察交联壳聚糖树脂在不同环境体系吸附低浓度游离酸的行为。讨论了在三元体系（酸 水 盐）和四元体系（酸 水 有机物 盐）中,交联壳聚糖树脂吸附游离酸的规律。利用固-液相互作用方程,求取吸附剂-吸附质相互作用能。实验结果表明,交联壳聚糖树脂在三元体系和四元体系中吸附游离酸,表观吸附速率常数（k)随着外加盐浓度的增大而减小。发现表观吸附速率常数（k)与吸附剂-吸附质相互作用能（U）存在线性关系。     

新型胺基壳聚糖树脂的合成及其对胆红素吸附性能的研究

以壳聚糖为原料，经羟丙基氯化、胺基化，制备了一种新型胺基壳聚糖树脂，研究了该树脂对胆红素的吸附性能。结果表明：胺基壳聚糖树脂的胺基含量比壳聚糖高，该树脂对游离胆红素的吸附在3h基本达到平衡，吸附量随着胺基含量增加而增加，树脂的吸附性能受温度、离子强度影响。胺基壳聚糖树脂对血清白蛋白结合胆红素的吸附量大于壳聚糖，但低于对游离胆红素的吸附。     

电化法研究壳聚糖树脂与游离酸的相互作用

利用电化实验技术，跟踪观察交联壳聚糖树脂吸附低浓度游离酸的行为，讨论了酸和甲醇浓度等因素对吸附的影响，利用固-液相互作用方程，求取吸附剂一吸附质相互作用能。实验结果表明，交联壳聚糖树脂吸附低浓度游离酸的过程是遵循单分子层机制进行的，表观吸附速率常数随着吸附质浓度和外加甲醇含量的增大而减小，表观吸附速率常数与吸附剂一吸附质相互作用能（U）存在线性相关。     

壳聚糖膜对水杨酸吸附及释放过程的实时介电谱法研究

制备了壳聚糖膜,并且测量了壳聚糖膜/水杨酸溶液、含水杨酸的壳聚糖膜/蒸馏水两个膜/液体系的介电谱,在100～700 kHz频率范围,发现两种体系都存在显著的介电弛豫现象,而且该弛豫的特征参数随壳聚糖膜在相应溶液相中浸泡时间的不同而变化.将该体系介电模型化、并利用在Maxwell-Wagner界面极化理论上建立的公式对介电谱进行解析,得到了体系中两相--壳聚糖膜相和溶液相的介电常数和电导率随时间的变化曲线.通过分析电导变化曲线得知,壳聚糖膜对溶液中的水杨酸有吸附现象,而含有水杨酸的壳聚糖膜在蒸馏水中可以缓慢释放出水杨酸;吸附过程包含的机制有氢键的形成、疏水力和扩散;而水杨酸的脱附过程则包含吸附过程几种机制的逆反应.理论分析和解析结果都验证了介电谱方法对吸附和释放过程实时监测的有效性.     

壳聚糖多孔微球负载PdCl2选择性催化氢化氯代硝基苯的研究

以壳聚糖为原料，液体石蜡为分散介质，甲醛，戊二醛为交联剂，通过反相悬浮交联制备了粒径小于100μm的壳聚糖多孔微球；对制备壳聚糖多孔微球的影响因素进行了探讨，并用FTIR和SEM表征了多孔微球；XPS表明，壳聚糖多孔微球经PdCl2负载后，PdCl2与壳聚糖形成配合物，配位键是在PdCl2的Pd与壳聚糖的N之间形成。在常温常压下，PdCl2/壳聚糖多孔微球能选择性地催化还原氯代硝基苯为氯苯胺；对影响催化加氢的因素如反应温度、溶剂、催化剂用量和底物浓度作了探讨。     

具有包络作用的壳聚糖的合成及其吸附性能

具有包络作用的壳聚糖的合成及其吸附性能;壳聚糖;β-环糊精;p-硝基苯酚;吸附     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.