直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂研究进展

 甲醇氧化电催化剂是决定直接甲醇燃料电池性能、寿命和成本的关键材料之一. 近年来人们从提高阳极催化剂活性和降低催化剂成本两个方面出发进行了大量的研究, 有力推动了直接甲醇燃料电池的发展. 在简要介绍电催化剂上甲醇氧化反应机理的基础上, 综述了近年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展, 从铂基催化剂、非铂基催化剂和催化剂载体三个方面进行了详细的介绍 (附有 58 篇参考文献), 并展望了甲醇电催化剂的发展趋势     

ZSM-5分子筛催化苯与甲醇烷基化反应研究进展

我们综述了近年来苯和甲醇烷基化反应研究取得的进展.重点从ZSM-5催化剂的Si/Al、晶粒尺寸、改性等方面介绍了苯和甲醇烷基化催化剂的研究进展,总结并展望了苯和甲醇烷基化反应的研究方向,为ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的改性和苯-甲醇烷基化反应工艺创新提供参考.     

甲醇制备甲酸甲酯、甲缩醛和聚甲醛二甲醚的催化反应研究进展

由甲醇向下游衍生合成甲酸甲酯、甲缩醛和聚甲醛二甲醚等反应过程,不仅可以有效延伸甲醇产业链,消化业已形成的甲醇过剩产能,而且还可以带来巨大的经济和环境保护方面的效益,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注,与之相关的催化研究和开发也已取得长足的进步和发展。述评概述了近年来由甲醇出发制备甲酸甲酯、甲缩醛以及聚甲醛二甲醚等过程在催化剂制备和反应机理探索方面的研究进展,侧重介绍了贵金属催化剂上甲醇选择氧化制甲酸甲酯、钒基催化剂上甲醇选择氧化制甲缩醛以及分子筛催化剂上甲醇或甲缩醛与三聚甲醛合成聚甲醛二甲醚等催化反应过程。最后,对甲醇催化转化利用的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极电催化剂

直接甲醇燃料电池作为未来清洁的动力能源，由于具有下列优点：操作温度低(<100℃)、燃料易储存和运输、能量效率高、污染低和燃料启动快而受到人们广泛的关注。阳极电催化剂是直接甲醇燃料电池最重要的组成部分。本文综述了近三年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极电催化剂最新的研究进展，主要对催化剂制备方法、新型碳载体材料、催化剂类型作了详细的评述，展望了未来甲醇电催化氧化催化剂的发展，指出了电催化剂面临的问题。     

双功能催化剂中不同组分对一步法合成二甲醚的影响

采用干磨法,选用不同种类甲醇合成组分和不同种类的甲醇脱水组分制备双功能催化剂,并在高压固定床反应器评价其催化性能.研究表明,催化剂JC207是一种较优的甲醇合成催化剂,其最佳配比为80％.分子筛是一种较好的甲醇脱水催化剂,其最佳配比为20％.通过寿命试验和催化剂的XRD表征发现催化剂晶相没有改变,催化剂结构保持稳定.     

高分散度铜基甲醇合成催化剂的研究

高分散度铜基甲醇合成催化剂的研究李基涛高利珍张伟德陈明树（厦门大学化学系物理化学研究所３６１００５）７０年来甲醇合成催化剂被广泛关注，特别是６０年代后期英国ＩＣＩ公司发明低温低压铜基甲醇合成催化剂以来，人们对铜基甲醇合成催化剂的制备与表征进行了深入地...     

原位红外光谱研究镧对负载钯催化剂上甲醇车尾气氧化机理的影响

在色谱微反装置上考察了负载Pd催化剂的甲醇深度氧化性能.结果表明,在γ氧化铝载体中,添加镧对负载Pd催化剂催化活性和选择性影响较大,甲醇氧化含氧中间物含量大大降低.利用insituFTIR技术测定了镧改性后的负载Pd催化剂表面的吸附物种和表面的程序升温反应,对负载Pd催化剂甲醇深度氧化反应机理进行了探讨.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂研究进展

总结了近年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究工作，探讨了甲醇的电催化反应机理，阐述了设计催化剂的基本原则，同时对目前研究的各种催化体系作了比较和评价。对未来甲醇电催化剂的发展作出展望。     

Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性

将CeO2溶胶与Pt/C催化剂机械混合制备了Pt-CeO2/C催化剂,研究了酸性条件下Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性。结果表明,与Pt/C催化剂相比,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇展现出更好的催化活性。XRD和TEM测试结果表明,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂中Pt与CeO2的平均粒径均为3~4 nm。对CeO2含量不同的Pt-CeO2/C催化剂在CH3OH-H2SO4中进行循环伏安测试发现,Pt-CeO2/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性较高,其中Pt与CeO2质量比为1∶1时,催化剂的催化活性最高,对甲醇氧化的峰电流密度达到0.112 A/cm2。     

ZrO2修饰Cu催化剂对甲醇吸附原位红外表征

通过原位红外漫反射实验比较研究了甲醇在Cu及ZrO2/Cu催化剂表面的吸附与反应,并且采用不同还原温度来处理催化剂,改变催化剂表面的氧含量,并进一步研究甲醇吸附和反应性能随着催化剂表面氧含量的变化规律.结果表明,甲醇在Cu催化剂表面反应生成吸附态甲醛物种,进一步生成CO2,而在ZrO2/Cu表面形成甲酸盐物种,并与表面氧进一步反应生成CO2.随着催化剂还原温度的升高,反应中间物进一步生成CO2的反应速率变慢,说明催化剂表面的氧物种含量决定着催化剂甲醇吸附中间物种的形成及反应速率.     

ReOxZrO2催化甲醇一步合成二甲氧基甲烷的研究

利用负载型ReOxZrO2催化剂，将甲醇选择性氧化并一步合成二甲氧基甲烷。考察了反应时间、反应温度以及铼负载量对反应的影响。并利用N2吸附/脱附、X射线光电子能谱、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和氢程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，较高的反应温度有利于提高甲醇的转化率，但对二甲氧基甲烷的选择性不利；催化剂上所负载铼的质量分数对甲醇转化率影响较大，在铼的质量分数为1.64%时转化率达到最大值25.1%；负载于ZrO2上的ReOx 具有双功能催化性质：它既可作为氧化中心氧化甲醇，在还原后又可作为酸中心催化醇醛缩合。     

A New Method of Low Temperature Methanol Synthesis

Low temperature methanol synthesis is a promising technique for the practical methanol industry. New developments of a new kind of low temperature methanol synthesis were reviewed, including the effects of feed gas, reaction solvent, supercritical media and catalyst modification. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also summarized primarily. Carbon dioxide played an important role in this new kind of low temperature methanol synthesis. It reacted with hydrogen adsorbed on catalyst surface to form HCOOM, an important reaction intermediate. Alcohol solvent in the low temperature methanol synthesis performed not only a media, but also a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction of the adsorbed formate species with alcohol on Cu/ZnO catalyst surface proceeded according to the Rideal mechanism rather than Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism to form alkyl formate. The formation of alkyl formate from alcohol solvent and hydrogenation of such an alkyl formate were the key steps in low temperature methanol synthesis reaction. These results provided new insights into low temperature methanol synthesis.     

Intrinsic Kinetics of Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas

The intrinsic kinetics of dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syngas over a methanol synthesis catalyst mixed with methanol dehydration catalyst has been investigated in a tubular integral reactor at 3-7MPa and 220-260℃. The three reactions including methanol synthesis from CO and H2, CO2 and H2, and methanol dehydration were chosen as the independent reactions. The L-H kinetic model was presented for dimethyl ether synthesis and the parameters of the model were obtained by using simplex method combined with genetic algorithm. The model is reliable according to statistical analysis and residual error analysis. The synergy effect of the reactions over the bifunctional catalyst was compared with the effect for methanol synthesis catalyst under the same conditions based on the model. The effects of syngas containing N2 on the reactions were also simulated.     

纳米二氧化锆在甲醇合成催化剂Cu/Ga2O3/ZrO2中的作用

The introduction of mesoporous nanosize zirconia to the catalyst for methanol synthesis dedicates the nanosized catalyst and mesoporous duplicated properties. The catalyst bears the larger surface area, larger mesoporous volume and more uniform diameter, more surface metal atoms and oxygen vacancies than the catalyst prepared with the conventional coprecipitation method. The modification of microstructure and electronic effect could result in the change of the reduced chemical state and decrease of reducuction temperature of copper, donating the higher activity and methanol selectivity to the catalyst. The results of methanol synthesis demonstrate that the Cu^＋ is the optimum active site. Also, the interaction between the copper and zirconia shows the synergistic effect to fulfil the methanol synthesis.     

可逆与不可逆吸附CO在合成甲醇反应中的作用

合成甲醇反应是CO+H_2反应系列中较简单的反应之一,它与同系列的甲烷化反应有着不同的反应条件.从热力学观点来看,甲烷化反应和合成甲醇反应同是体积缩小反应,加压应该有利于两反应的进行,实际上合成甲醇反应需加压,而甲烷化反应却不一定需要加压.最近我们用动态分析技术对烃的临氢转化、乙炔加氢和苯加氢反应研究发现,在实际反应条件下,反应物在催化剂表面上的吸附可分为可逆与不可逆吸附两类,它们在多相催化反应中对活性、选择性和稳定性均有影响,但是它们对操作压力的依赖程度是不一样的.因此研究     

MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode to mitigate methanol crossover in DMFC

Methanol permeation is one of the key problems for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. It is necessary to change the structure of the cathode of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Therefore, a novel MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was prepared in this paper. The double-layered catalyst consists of PtRu black as inner catalyst layer and Pt black as outer catalyst layer. The inner catalyst layer is prepared for oxidation of the methanol permeated from anode. The results indicate that this double-layered catalyst reduced the effects of methanol crossover and assimilated mixed potential losses. The performance of MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was 52.2 mW cm⁻², which was a remarkable improvement compared with the performance of MEA with traditional cathode. The key factor responsible for the improved performance is the optimization of the electrode structure.     

Synthesis and Characterization of AlPO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/ZSM-5 Catalyst for Methanol Conversion to Dimethyl Ether

A catalyst based on zeolite was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and alumina phosphate was embedded in its structure. The correspondent reactor tests were carried out to assess the synthesized catalyst where methanol with a purity of 99.9% was used. The results indicated that alumina phosphate is considerably effective on catalyst functionality. Given the results, the best performance was obtained when the ratio of alumina phosphate to alumina is 0.7 weighted in catalyst and fixed-bed reactor serves in a temperature of 300°C and WHSV of 0.8 h^?1. Structure and morphology of synthesized catalyst were characterized by BET, XRF, SEM, and XRD. The catalyst was evaluated in the process of converting methanol to dimethyl ether in a fixed-bed reactor under operating conditions of 300°C, 1 atm and 0.5 mL min^?1 of feed (pure methanol). The results of test indicated by increasing the amount of alumina phosphate to alumina, the conversion rate of methanol was increased to a constant value and does not change in ratios higher than 0.7. Moreover, the methanol conversion rate will reach temperature 300°C at 84%.     

The Effect of Rare Earth on the Activity of Methanol Synthesis Catalyst

AlthoughtheCuO/ZnO/Al=O,cataIysthasbeenusedasasuccessfulmethan0lsynthesiscatalystfromCOhydrogenationformanyyears,itscatalyticactivityisnothighenoughf0rmethan0Isynthesisfr0mpureCO,hydrogenati0n.Manynewsynthesismethods,includingsol-gelco-precipitati0nmethodandultrasonicsynthesismeth0d,wereusedtopreparethemethanolsynthesiscatalyst"'.Intheliterature,manymetal0xidessuchasZrO,,Cr,O,,Ga,O,,Al,O,,SiO,andTiO,etc.wereaddedintocatalystt0improveitscatalyticactivityandmethanoIselectivity'~'.Howev…     

Mo-Ce/SiO2催化剂上甲醇氧化制甲醛的催化剂的有效因子及甲醇的压力分布

在Mo-Ce/SiO₂催化剂上甲醇氧化制甲醛的动力学方程可表达为甲醇及甲醛吸附的Redox机理方程,当催化剂颗粒直径增大到3mm时,内扩散强烈地影响反应速度。催化剂有效因子η可用一般速度方程的近似方法进行解释。催化剂孔内甲醇的压力分布可用下式求得:(这里有图片19900813-843-1.GIF)