脱铝超稳Y沸石的SiO2/Al2O3比与催化性能的研究

脱铝超稳Y沸石(简称DUSY)是八面沸石经脱铝改性后的固体酸催化材料,在石油化学工业和精细化学品合成中应用较广.我们曾报道了DUSY催化系列酯化反应,莰烯与乙酸的加成酯化反应[1],乙酸与β-苯乙醇的酯化反应[2],乙酸与烯丙醇的酯化反应[3],效果很好.克服了过去采用浓H2SO4作催化剂所带来的污染严重,设备腐蚀的问题,是具有应用前景的一类固体酸催化材料.谭志新等人曾报道α-蒎烯在固体超强酸上的异构化反应[4],王亚明等人报道了HMC-60催化α-蒎烯的异构化反应[5].与之相比较,用DUSY催化,其反应条件更温和.本文将DUSY的表面酸性与α-蒎烯异构反应相关联,探讨了硅铝比与催化性能的关系.     

DUSY沸石催化α-蒎烯异构化的溶剂化效应

脱铝超稳Y沸石(简称DUSY)催化α 蒎烯异构化反应是固 液多相催化反应。α 蒎烯是松节油的主要成分,具有特殊的双环双键结构。DUSY是八面沸石经改性后的固体酸催化剂,它主要用于石油化学工业的精细化学品的合成。我们曾报道了DUSY沸石催化α 蒎烯的异构化反应及其动力学特征[1 3]。本文研究了脱铝超稳Y沸石(DUSY,SiO2/Al2O3=8 61)在介电常数不同的溶剂中催化α 蒎烯异构化反应,考察了在不同溶剂中,反应时间、温度对转化率、产物分布的影响。结果表明,采用介电常数较大的极性溶剂四氢呋喃,对反应更为有利。1　实验部分1 1　原料…     

八面沸石在精细有机合成中的催化作用Ⅸ．脱铝超稳Y沸石催化α－蒎烯的异构化反应

研究了脱铝超稳Ｙ沸石催化α－蒎烯的异构化反应，主要产物是：莰烯、宁烯、α－松油烯、异松油烯和对异丙基甲苯．同时，还考察了催化剂硅铝比及反应条件对转化率和产物选择性的影响．结果表明，溶剂对催化剂的催化性能有很大的影响     

八面沸石在精细有机合成中的催化作用

研究了脱铝超稳Ｙ沸石催化α蒎烯的的异构化反应，主要产物是：莰烯、荣烯、α－松油烯、异松油烯和对异丙基甲苯，同时，还考察了催化剂硅铝比及反应条件对转化剂和产物选择性的影响，结果表明，溶剂对催化剂的性能有很大的影响。     

DUSY沸石催化α-蒎烯异构化反应的动力学研究

研究了脱铝超稳Y（DUSY）沸石催化α-蒎烯异构化反应的动力学特征，考察了催化剂的硅铝比及反应温度对速率常数和表现反应活化能的影响。结果表明，α-蒎烯的异构化反应服从准一级动力学模型，速率常数与温度的关系符合A rrhenius方程并存在补偿效应。     

可膨胀石墨催化合成乙酸苄酯

可膨胀石墨作为一种重要的非金属材料已广泛应用于各工业领域 ,将其作为有机质反应催化剂的研究尚不多见[1～ 3] 。工业上 ,乙酸苄酯常是以浓Ｈ2 ＳＯ4、对甲苯磺酸等质子酸作催化剂由乙酸和苄醇制得[4] ,但此法腐蚀设备 ,污染环境 ,且副反应多。近年来 ,为了寻找对设备腐蚀性小的酯化反应催化剂进行了一些研究 ,如曾报道的酯化反应催化剂有 :四氯化锡复合物[5] 、复合固体超强酸[6] 、稀土硫酸盐[7]等。本文报道可膨胀石墨催化乙酸苄酯的合成 ,与其它催化剂相比 ,具有催化活性高 ,反应温度低 ,反应时间短 ,收率高 ,易分离及再生处理简单等…     

从α－蒎烯直接催化酯化高选择性地合成乙酸正龙脑酯的研究－催化剂与反应机理初探

本文提出了新的硼酸类催化剂体系ＨＢ，用该体系对α－蒎烯与无水乙酸相互作用直接合成乙酸正龙脑酯作了较系统的研究。反应得到两种系列产物－酯化产物和异构化产物，酯化产物主要是乙酸正龙脑酯，葑醇酯和松油酯，异构化产物主要是莰烯、烯和松油烯等，总酯化产率为５０％以上，其中乙酸正龙脑酯为２０％以上，是至今从α－蒎烯直接合成乙酸正龙脑酯的最好结果。通过对产物的￣１ＨＮＭＫ图谱分析及动力学考察，确证反应主产物是正龙脑酯而不是异龙脑酯。文章对Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４、ＨＣｌＯ＿４、多聚磷酸（ＰＰＡ）和杂多酸（１２－磷钨酸）等催化剂进行了实验考察、对比和评述，表明了自制的ＨＢ催化剂体系具有高选择性合成乙酸正龙脑酯的显著优点，并对其反应机理作了初步探讨。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)-MoO_3-TiO_2的制备及其催化酯化性能研究

ＳＯ2 -4 ＭｘＯｙ 型固体超强酸自问世以来一直受到人们的广泛关注 ,已对其进行了大量的研究。该类催化剂的酸强度高 ,在烷基化、酰基化、裂解、醇脱水、异构化、酯化等反应中有很高的催化活性。最常用的氧化物基体是ＺｒＯ2 和ＴｉＯ2 ,最好的促进剂是ＳＯ2 -4 。也有用ＭｏＯ3作促进剂的[1～3] ,得到相应的超强酸催化剂。作者在ＳＯ2 -4 ＴｉＯ2 超强酸的基础上 ,将ＭｏＯ3和ＳＯ2 -4 同时负载在ＴｉＯ2基体上 ,得到ＳＯ2 -4 ＭｏＯ3 ＴｉＯ2 固体超强酸 ,以乙酸异戊酯的合成为探针反应考察了该催化剂的催化酯化活性 ,并与ＳＯ2 -4 …     

载Sn离子交换树脂酸催化性能的研究

本文将ＳｎＣｌ４与Ｄ００１离子交换树脂上的磺酸基团发生络合反应，形成Ｈ０≤－１１．３５，且不会被阳离子交换而失活的的酸中心，从而使Ｄ００１．Ｓｎ树脂的酸催化活性明显提高。以乙酸和正丁醇的液相酯化反应为模型，Ｄ００１．Ｓｎ催化剂能使该反应在试验条件下的表观活化能从１１１．０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ降低到３９．０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。在连续分水的最佳反应条件下，乙酸丁酯５ｈ产率可达９８．７％，优于等当量Ｈ２ＳＯ４的催化活     

SO2-4/TiO2-SiO2固体超强酸的结构及其光催化性能

自从Arata等[1]首次报道无卤素型SO2-4/MxOy固体超强酸体系以来, 对该类催化剂的研究引起了人们的广泛重视. 大量研究工作表明, 固体超强酸催化剂对丁烷异构化、苯衍生物烷基化、链烷烃裂解和乙烯二聚等诸多酸催化的反应表现出极高的反应活性[2]. 最近, 我们把SO2-4/TiO2型固体超强酸应用于有机物的光催化氧化反应, 研究发现TiO2光催化剂经H2SO4浸渍处理形成固体超强酸后, 催化剂的光催化活性大大提高, 并具有很好的反应活性、稳定性和抗湿性能[3];     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

The bivalent metal hypophosphites Sr(H2PO2)2, Pb(H2PO2)2 and Ba(H2PO2)2

The structures of isomorphous monoclinic strontium and lead bis­(di­hydrogenphosphate), Sr(H₂PO₂)₂ and Pb(H₂PO₂)₂, and orthorhombic barium bis­(di­hydrogen­phos­phate), Ba(H₂PO₂)₂, consist of layers of hypophosphite anions and metal cations exhibiting square antiprismatic coordination by O atoms. The Sr and Pb atoms are located on sites with point symmetry 2, and the Ba atoms are on sites with point symmetry 222. Within the layers, each anion bridges four metal cations.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.