液相色谱-质谱/质谱法检测人参和土壤中多菌灵的残留动态

建立了液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂在人参和土壤中的消解动态和残留量。多菌灵在0.01~0.5μg/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.9985,在0.01~0.2 mg/kg加标水平下,多菌灵在人参和土壤中的回收率为82.74%~91.88%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.85%~6.28%,最低检出浓度为0.005mg/kg。两年两地残留实验结果表明,拌土施药剂量52 500g a.i./hm2下,人参和土壤中多菌灵半衰期分别为11.6~13.7d和10.4~13.0d,最终残留量分别在0.0075~0.0332mg/kg和0.0068~0.0428mg/kg之间。建议我国对人参中多菌灵的最大残留限量(MRL)值为0.5mg/kg,最高施药剂量52 500g a.i./hm2,安全施药间隔期28d。     

超高压液相色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中虫螨腈及其代谢物以及在甘蓝中的残留评价应用

建立了采用固相萃取柱净化,超高压液相色谱（UPLC）同时测定蔬菜和水果中虫螨腈及其代谢物溴代吡咯腈残留量的分析方法。方法验证结果表明,在25～5 000 ng·mL－1范围内目标化合物的质量浓度和仪器响应呈良好线性关系,相关系数（r2）为0.997～1.000;在0.05、1、2 mg·kg－1加标水平下,目标化合物的回收率为84.6%～111%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～14%;方法定量下限均为0.05 mg·kg－1。2020年在全国12地开展田间试验,360 g·L－1虫螨腈悬浮剂以20 mL/亩（125.28 g a.i./ha）施药1次,甘蓝中虫螨腈的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为4.1～11.0 d。当采样间隔为末次施药后14 d和21 d时,虫螨腈在甘蓝中的残留量分别为小于0.05～0.488 mg·kg－1和小于0.05～0.370 mg·kg－1,溴代吡咯腈的残留量均低于0.05 mg·kg－1。结合我国制定的虫螨腈在甘蓝上的最大残留限量,推荐采收安全间隔期为14 d。膳食风险评估结果表明：普通人群虫螨腈（膳食风险评估定义）的国家估算每日摄入量为1.28 mg,占日允许摄入量的67.7%,对一般人群健康均不会产生不可接受的风险。     

施用三乙膦酸铝后铝在黄瓜及叶片上的残留分析与评价

建立了湿法消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定黄瓜及其叶片上铝的背景含量及其施用三乙膦酸铝后铝的最终残留量. 方法线性范围为10～400 μg/L, r=0.991 6, 检出限为62.4 pg. 黄瓜中铝的添加回收率为92.1%～98.7%, RSD为4.8%～5.1%; 黄瓜叶片中铝的添加回收率为89.0%～100.1%, RSD为14%～18%, 方法的准确度和精密度均符合痕量分析要求. 结果表明, 施用三乙膦酸铝后黄瓜上铝的残留量低于参照的限量标准(＜100 mg/kg); 黄瓜叶片上的铝积累较明显, 与施药剂量和施药次数有一定的相关性.     

敌百虫在棉花和土壤中的残留研究

建立了敌百虫在棉花和土壤中残留量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS)测定方法.该方法最小检出量为1.5×10-11 g,最小检出浓度在植株和土壤中均为0.05 mg/kg,加样回收率为植株71%～76%、土壤96%～103%、棉籽74%～79%,相对标准偏差分别为3.2%～16%、5.2%～12%、4.8%～6.5%.本法快速、灵敏、准确,可以用于敌百虫的残留分析.降解动态和最终残留研究结果表明,敌百虫在植株和土壤中的半衰期(T50)分别为0.4～0.6 d和0.5～1.2 d;以推荐剂量施药2～3次,或以2倍推荐剂量施药2～3次,采收间隔21 d,棉籽和土壤中敌百虫残留量均低于0.05 mg/kg.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄瓜与土壤中烯酰吗啉和氰霜唑及其代谢物的残留量

为评价烯酰吗啉和氰霜唑在黄瓜和土壤中的安全性,建立了同时检测烯酰吗啉和氰霜唑及其代谢物4-氯-5-(4-甲苯基)-1H-咪唑-2-腈(CCIM)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷键合相(PSA)和十八烷基硅烷键合相(C18)净化后,质谱多反应监测模式扫描,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑和CCIM在0. 01～0. 5 mg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0. 994 0,在0. 05、0. 1、0. 5 mg/kg加标浓度下,3种待测物在黄瓜和土壤中的平均回收率为78%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1. 3%～14. 8%,定量下限为0. 05 mg/kg。对35%氰霜唑·烯酰吗啉悬浮剂在黄瓜和土壤中的残留动态及最终残留量进行分析,发现烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑及CCIM之和在黄瓜和土壤中消解较快,烯酰吗啉在黄瓜和土壤中的半衰期分别为1. 2～2. 1、3. 0～9. 6 d;氰霜唑及CCIM之和在黄瓜和土壤中的半衰期为0. 9～2. 3、1. 8～6. 2 d。该方法简单、快速、灵敏度及准确度高,能够满足黄瓜和土壤中烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑及CCIM残留量的检测要求。     

申嗪霉素在辣椒及土壤中残留动态的研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂在辣椒及土壤中的残留动态和最终残留量。辣椒和土壤中申嗪霉素的半衰期分别为2.80~3.63d和2.83~4.62d,检出限分别为0.02mg/kg和0.01mg/kg,回收率分别为80.1%~102.5%和82.0%~97.1%,相对标准偏差分别为7.6%~9.4%和6.3%~8.4%。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄瓜及土壤中的春雷霉素残留

建立了测定黄瓜和土壤中春雷霉素残留的固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/HPLC-MS/MS)方法。黄瓜和土壤样品分别经1%甲酸的甲醇、0.5%甲酸水提取后,采用MCX固相萃取柱净化,以Waters Xbridge BEH Amide色谱柱分离,0.2%甲酸水-乙腈溶液进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。该方法灵敏、准确、简单快速、重复性好,在2~250μg/L浓度范围内,不同基质中春雷霉素的线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.002 mg/kg,定量下限为0.008 mg/kg;在0.008、0.040、0.200、0.400 mg/kg 4个加标水平下,春雷霉素在黄瓜和土壤样品中的平均回收率为77.5%~97.0%,相对标准偏差为2.6%~10.7%,能够满足黄瓜及土壤中春雷霉素残留的检测需求。应用该法对田间样品进行检测,结果表明,春雷霉素在黄瓜中的残留量不超过0.053 mg/kg,小于我国规定的黄瓜中最大残留限量(0.2 mg/kg);土壤中春雷霉素的残留量不超过0.013 mg/kg。     

甘蓝及其土壤中灭幼脲的残留检测与消解动态研究

建立了杀虫剂灭幼脲在甘蓝及其土壤中残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品经提取和固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化后进行测定,灭幼脲的回收率为77.1%~81.6%,变异系数在4.3%~9.7%之间。残留动态研究表明,灭幼脲在甘蓝及其土壤中消解的半衰期分别为4~6 d和15~16 d;以20 g制剂/亩的剂量(最高推荐剂量)施药14d后收获时,甘蓝中最高残留量为0.38 mg/kg,土壤中最高残留量为0.28 mg/kg。     

新型杀虫剂噻虫胺在小白菜上的残留动态研究

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法,研究了50%噻虫胺水溶性分散剂在小白菜上的残留动态和最终残留量.样品经丙酮提取、极性硅胶柱净化后进行高效液相色谱分析,选用ODS-C18色谱柱,以V(甲醇):V(水)=45:55为流动相,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为265 nm.在此条件下,噻虫胺的平均加标回收率在93.02%～94.4%之间,相对标准偏差为3.3%～5.4%(n=6).该方法的最小检知量为0.02 ng,在小白菜中的最低检出浓度为0.004 mg/kg.噻虫胺在不同设施浓度时的残留消解程均符合一级动力学方程,低浓度和高浓度设施组的降解方程分别为y=28.633e-0.4301x、y=35.816e-0.3374x,降解半衰期分别为1.61天和2.05天.推荐剂量和加倍剂量各施药3次,12 d后残留量均低于0.2 mg/kg.     

以CdTe量子点为荧光探针测定黄瓜中链霉素的残留量

基于链霉素使Cd Te量子点荧光增强的特性,建立了以Cd Te量子点为荧光探针检测黄瓜中链霉素残留量的新方法。研究了影响链霉素检测的因素,确定了最佳测定条件。在最佳实验条件下,链霉素的浓度在5.0×10-12~1.0×10-10mol/L范围与体系的相对荧光强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数(r)为0.999 0,检出限达5.0×10-13mol/L,方法的加标回收率为99%~106%。方法具有选择性高、检出限低、简单快速等优点,用于黄瓜中链霉素残留量的测定,结果令人满意。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.