La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂结构及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了La和Mn取代的六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α).在Mn含量达到阈值时,研究了不同量的La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α的相组成、结构、热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.当x≥0.4时,水热合成过程中生成的La2(CO3)3在530-580℃分解,800-900℃时与-γAl2O3反应生成LaAlO3钙钛矿相,可抑制由BaCO3分解而生成的Ba2+的固相扩散,从而阻止了BaAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,使Ba2+在固相中保持较高的分散性,促进了六铝酸盐(-βAl2O3)相的形成.当x<0.4时,BaAl2O4尖晶石相的存在引起催化剂比表面积和催化燃烧活性的降低.La3+取代Ba2+后,六铝酸盐结构发生一定程度的扭变.这种扭变越大,所形成的六铝酸盐催化剂的热稳定性越差.Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性随x的增大而增加,x=0.8时催化剂的活性最佳.     

Ba、Mn对Al2O3热稳定性和甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaO•6Al2O3系列催化剂.考察了Ba、Mn的引入对Al2O3的热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响.结果表明, Ba在高温下与Al2O3首先生成BaAl2O4，然后进一步与Al2O3反应生成具有β-Al2O3结构的BaAl12O19六铝酸盐，抑制了Al2O3进一步的烧结，提高了催化剂的热稳定性. Mn的引入也能够促进六铝酸盐的生成并提高催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性.采用超临界干燥法可抑制干燥过程中因毛细收缩引起的比表面积降低.所制备的BaMnAl11O19催化剂经1200 ℃焙烧4 h后，比表面积为35.1 m2•g－1，在空速40000 h－1条件下，10％甲烷转化温度(T10％)为500 ℃，催化活性明显高于常规干燥法制备的相应催化剂.     

LaAl1-xFexO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl催化剂的制备及其对甲烷燃烧的催化性能

 以FeCrAl合金薄片为载体,以LaAl1-xFexO3为活性组分,以Al2O3为过渡层,制备了LaAl1-xFexO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl金属基整体式催化剂,并用XRD和SEM等方法对催化剂的物相和形貌进行了表征,对催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧活性进行了评价. 结果表明,催化剂物相中有LaAl1-xFexO3型钙钛矿及 α-Al2O3 和 γ-Al2O3; 催化剂的颗粒小于2 μm, 并且颗粒的尺寸及形貌与LaAl1-xFexO3中的Fe/Al摩尔比有关; 催化剂样品对甲烷催化燃烧活性的大小顺序为LaAl0.3Fe0.7O3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaFeO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaAl0.5Fe0.5O3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaAl0.7Fe0.3O3/Al2O3/FeCrAl＞LaAlO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl.     

稀土-铁催化剂催化还原烟气中SO2制硫磺

以煤气为还原气,以Fe为主活性金属,稀土为助剂催化还原冶炼烟气中SO2制取硫磺,研究了不同稀土、不同稀土含量及不同催化剂制备方式对稀土-过渡金属催化剂催化还原SO2制硫磺活性的影响,并考察了其反应机制.结果表明:不同稀土对Fe/Al2O3催化剂有不同的改性作用,Sm和Dy的加人大大提高了催化剂的活性,在360 ℃时,smFe/Al2O3的硫产率增大到86.62%,比同温度下Fe/Al2O3的提高了40.5%;在400℃时,DyFe/Al2O3的硫产率增大到91.62%.比同温度下Fe/Al2O3的提高了26.4%;REFe/Al2O3催化剂的活性与稀土含量有一定的关系,对SmFe/Al2O3催化剂,稀土Sm的最佳含量为1.0%;不同方式制备的稀土催化剂活性不同,对硫产率来说其大小顺序为:钐铁溶液混浸>先浸钐后浸铁>先浸铁后浸钐;煤气还原SO2的反应机制为中间产物机制.     

制备方法对锰Mn掺杂钾六铝酸盐催化剂催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响

以甲烷催化燃烧为目标反应,通过共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法和反相微乳液法制备了Mn掺杂六铝酸盐催化剂,用XRD和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,通过BET模型计算了其比表面积。结果说明3种方法所制备催化剂经1 200℃焙烧4h后均可以形成完整的六铝酸盐晶型,同时都具有高的催化性能和高温稳定性,其中反相微乳液法制备的K2MnAl11O19催化剂具有较高的比表面积和甲烷催化燃烧活性,起燃温度T10%为458℃,至676℃甲烷完全转化。     

Cu_xCo_(1-x)/Al_2O_3/FeCrAl整体式催化剂上甲苯催化燃烧(英文)

以FeCrAl合金薄片为基底,Al2O3浆料为过渡胶体,不同摩尔比的Cu、Co为催化活性组分,制备了一系列CuxCo1-x/Al2O3/FeCrAl(x=0-1)新型整体式催化剂.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温还原(TPR)等手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征.在微型固定床反应器上评价了催化剂的催化甲苯燃烧性能.研究结果表明:在所制备的整体式催化剂上,当Cu含量比较低时,形成了Cu-Co-O固溶体;当Cu含量比较高时,可以测得CuO的衍射峰.催化剂表面颗粒大小和形貌与Cu、Co摩尔比密切相关.在催化剂表面,Co以Co2+和Co3+价态存在,而Cu主要以Cu2+价态存在.催化剂中的Cu可以改善Co的氧化还原性,从而有利于催化剂活性的提高.在所制备的催化剂中,Cu0.5Co0.5/Al2O3/FeCrAl催化剂具有最好的活性,甲苯在374oC可以完全催化燃烧消除.     

La2O3对Pd/Al2O3催化蒽醌氢化制H2O2性能的影响

 采用湿浸法制备了用于蒽醌氢化制H2O2的La2O3促进的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,并考察了不同La2O3含量对催化性能的影响. 采用XRD,N2物理吸附,CO2-TPD,H2-O2滴定和电子探针等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,加入适量的La2O3能够抑制高温焙烧时Al2O3晶粒的长大,增大催化剂的比表面积,提高金属Pd的分散度,增强载体表面碱性,提高催化剂表面的Pd浓度,减小Pd层厚度,从而提高催化剂的氢化活性. 加入La2O3可使催化剂的Pd负载量由0.281%降至0.188%,而催化剂活性提高了44%.     

介孔Al2O3负载PdO催化甲烷燃烧反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了介孔Al2O3(M-Al2O3)负载PdO催化剂,考察了其催化CH4燃烧反应性能.结果表明,以M-Al2O3为载体的PdO催化剂活性比普通Al2O3载体高得多,这很可能与M-Al2O3的孔道结构对PdO物种的限域作用有关.随着PdO/M-Al2O3催化剂焙烧温度的升高,甲烷催化燃烧活性先增加后降低,其中700oC焙烧的催化剂活性最高,400oC反应时CH4转化率为91%.此时Pd物种主要以PdO颗粒形式高度分散在载体的介孔孔道内,而高温焙烧时,Pd物种主要以Pd和PdO的混合晶相存在.尽管900oC焙烧制得的催化剂上CH4的转化率降低,但TOF值最大,这可能与该催化剂中同时存在金属Pd和PdO有关.     

二甲醚部分氧化重整制氢中的部分氧化催化剂的考察

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载型贵金属催化剂,与Ni/Al2O3构成双床层催化剂,在连续流动固定床反应器中,进行了二甲醚(DME)部分氧化重整制氢的研究,系统地考察了贵金属类型及其负载量、载体以及还原温度与反应温度的影响.结果表明,Pd/Al2O3催化性能不及Pt/Al2O3和Rh/Al2O3,而Pt/Al2O3和Rh/Al2O3催化性能相当,考虑到价格因素,选择了Pt/Al2O3作为本反应催化剂.对Pt负载量的考察表明,0.5%Pt/Al2O3催化性能最佳,且Al2O3又比MgO和ZrO2更适合作载体.通过对工艺条件的考察,确定适当的还原温度与反应温度均为700℃.在上述最佳催化剂与反应条件下,DME转化率保持在100%,H2收率可达80%.     

纳米CeO2基固溶体催化柴油机碳颗粒物燃烧性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶鄄凝胶法制备CeO2基固溶体催化剂(Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ、Ce0.7Pr0.3O2-δ和Ce0.7Gd0.3O2-δ), 并考察了固溶体和三种常用载体(TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3)及其负载KNO3后的催化碳黑燃烧活性. 结果表明, CeO2基固溶体催化剂具有很高的催化燃烧活性, 其活性接近TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3负载30%KNO3催化剂的活性. 因为纳米CeO2基固溶体的形成, 提高了催化剂的抗烧结能力, 使氧更活泼, 从而提高氧化还原性能, 有利于碳颗粒燃烧. 由于CeO2基固溶体本身的高活性, 因此KNO3的添加不能明显提高CeO2基固溶体催化剂(尤其是Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ和Ce0.7Pr0.3O2-δ)的催化燃烧活性, 但KNO3能显著提高TiO2, SiO2和Al2O3的催化燃烧活性.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.