微流控免疫芯片检测方法的研究进展

微流控免疫芯片以其微型化、高通量、快速检测及低消耗等优点成为近年来分析领域的研究热点. 检测技术是微流控芯片的重要组成部分之一. 本文重点综述了近年来微流控免疫芯片的微系统研究及相应的检测方法和技术, 包括电化学检测及荧光检测、紫外-可见吸收光谱检测、化学发光和生物发光检测、表面增强拉曼散射检测、光纤检测、表面等离子体共振谱检测、热透镜显微镜检测和比色检测等光学检测及其它新型检测方面的进展, 并展望了其发展前景.     

检测池构型对微柱液相色谱性能的影响

以检测灵敏度、柱效及拖尾因子等色谱性能参数为评价指标,系统考察了Z型检测池、垂直型检测池及泡型检测池的结构、光程及检测池体积等对微柱液相色谱性能的影响。结果表明Z型池的检测灵敏度最高,更适合微分析系统进样量小的特征。     

磁性纳米标记检测技术在生物医学即时检测领域的研究进展

基于磁性纳米材料的磁标记检测技术具有灵敏度高、线性范围广、信号检测便捷等优点。由于生物样品自身磁背景信号极低,相比于光学标记检测技术,磁标记检测技术在蛋白质、核酸、细胞、病原体及生物组织检测中均表现出更高的灵敏度,在生物医学即时检测领域展现了良好的应用前景。该文围绕磁性纳米粒在即时检测领域的最新研究进展,重点介绍了其在蛋白质、核酸以及几类病原体检测方面的应用,并对基于磁性纳米粒的即时检测技术发展方向及应用前景进行了展望。     

食品安全国有检测机构占据半壁江山

正食品安全检测是指检测机构接受产品生产商或产品用户的委托,综合运用科学方法及专业技术对食品安全方面进行检测,出具检测报告,从而评定该种产品是否达到政府、行业和用户要求的质量、安全、性能及法规等方面的标准。检测机构根据检测工作量向委托者收取检测费用。     

毛细管电泳的原理和应用(第六讲)CE在DNA、糖和离子分析中的应用

简要介绍了ＣＥ在ＤＮＡ、糖和离子分析中的应用。ＤＮＡ分析包括分离原理、方法及检测手段，碱基、核苷和核苷酸分析，纯度检测和微量制备，ｓｓＤＮＡ和ｄｓＤＮＡ分析，基因突变检测及ＤＮＡ序列分析等。糖分析包括衍生化技术、检测方法、所用模式及糖复合物的分析等。离子分析包括阴离子分析原理、检测方法、影响因素、应用及阳离子分析等。     

甲基苯丙胺电化学检测条件的优化

采用电化学方法检测甲基苯丙胺,探讨了不同扫描速度、初始浓度、pH值、电极处理温度及干扰物对检测的影响,获得了甲基苯丙胺电化学检测的最佳条件.结果表明,工作电极为掺硼金刚石薄膜电极,扫描速度为50~100 m V/s,初始浓度小于100 mg/L,pH=7.0及电极处理温度为100℃时,甲基苯丙胺的检测速度最快,检测结果最好,同时干扰物对于电化学方法检测甲基苯丙胺无明显影响.     

石斛中主要特征成分测定研究进展

石斛作为我国传统的中草药,具有较好的生理活性。石斛中主要的特征成分包括酚类、碱类和香豆素类化合物,对这些化合物的化学结构、检测方法、检测灵敏度及检测方法的精密度和准确度进行综述,为石斛的质量控制、产地溯源及真伪鉴别等提供技术支撑。     

双通道差分式阻抗谱检测技术及仪器研究

阻抗谱检测的目的在于获取不同物质之间微弱的介电差异信息或同一物质的介电变化信息,并据此对其组成、结构及其变化特征进行分析.常规单通道的阻抗谱检测技术对于物质间的差异和变化信息检测易受传感器和样品体系等基底信号的影响.本研究提出了一种基于AD5933阻抗转换芯片简化阻抗测量的双通道差分式阻抗谱检测技术,并研制了检测仪器,在1 ～ 91 kHz频率范围内,对比分析了基底信号分别为200,400和1000 mV,响应信号增加量0～100 mV时双通道差分和单通道检测的灵敏度,并考察了在激励峰峰值为18 V的条件下,汽油、柴油、喷气燃料及润滑油共7个样品在单通道,以空气及喷气燃料为参比的双通道差分检测的灵敏度差异.结果表明,单通道检测受基底信号影响较大,随基底信号增加,检测灵敏度降低;双通道差分式检测技术的灵敏度为单通道检测的1～2个数量级,且不受基底信号影响;以喷气燃料为参比的差分检测灵敏度分别是以空气为参比的差分检测及单通道检测的5 ～10倍及9～12倍,证实了通过合理选择参比样品,双通道差分检测能够极大地提高阻抗检测灵敏度.     

毛细管电泳的原理和应用(第六讲)CE在DNA、糖和离子分析中的应用

 简要介绍了ＣＥ在ＤＮＡ、糖和离子分析中的应用。ＤＮＡ分析包括分离原理、方法及检测手段，碱基、核苷和核苷酸分析，纯度检测和微量制备，ｓｓＤＮＡ和ｄｓＤＮＡ分析，基因突变检测及ＤＮＡ序列分析等。糖分析包括衍生化技术、检测方法、所用模式及糖复合物的分析等。离子分析包括阴离子分析原理、检测方法、影响因素、应用及阳离子分析等。     

表面等离子体共振免疫传感器在蛋白质检测中的应用及其研究进展

表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种新型技术,应用SPR原理可检测生物传感芯片上配位体与分析物之间的相互作用情况,在生命科学、医疗检测、药物筛选、食品检测及环境监测等领域具有广泛的应用需求.SPR技术可与免疫传感器结合,利用抗原抗体的特异性反应可用于各种蛋白质抗原的检测.本文重点总结了SPR免疫传感器在食品及医疗领域蛋白质检测的应用,综述了近年来SPR免疫传感技术在这该领域的研究热点及进展.     

Chemistry and Biochemistry of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Although unsaturated fatty acids have long been known to accompany saturated fatty acids in most lipids, qualitative and quantitative determination of fatty acid patterns only became possible with the advent of modern analytical methods. Present day knowledge of the chemical structure, physical properties, and metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids provides the basis for the development of new concepts of their function. Thus unsaturated fatty acids crucially determine the properties of biological membranes. Moreover, essential fatty acids are precursors of prostaglandins.     

Determination of L- and D-2-Halopropanoic Acids and 2-Halobutanoic Acids with Bacterial Dehalogenases

Abstract

A simple method for the enantioselective determination of 2-halopropanoic acids and 2-halobutanoic acids with two bacterial 2-halo acid dehalogenases has been developed. L-2-Halo acid dehalogenase acts specifically on L-2-haloalkanoic acids, and DL-2-halo acid dehalogenase acts on both enantiomers of the acids. The dehalogenation was followed by determination of halogen ions released. Linear relationship was established between the absorbance at 460 nm, and the amounts of L-2-haloalkanoic acids (0.025-0.5 μmol) or the racemates (0.05-1.0 μmol). The D-isomers were estimated by subtracting the amounts of L-isomers from those of DL-2-haloalkanoic acids.     

Chalcogenocarbonic Acids and Their Anions

Carbonic acids in which the oxygen has been wholly or partly replaced by sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium are known as “chalcogenocarbonic acids”. The aim of the present article is to review existing knowledge of these acids and so establish a basis for further systematic syntheses. The anions required for the synthesis of chalcogenocarbonic acids will also be briefly characterized.     

Benzylidene Acetal Protecting Group as Carboxylic Acid Surrogate: Synthesis of Functionalized Uronic Acids and Sugar Amino Acids

Direct oxidation of the 4,6‐O‐benzylidene acetal protecting group to C‐6 carboxylic acid has been developed that provides an easy access to a wide range of biologically important and synthetically challenging uronic acid and sugar amino acid derivatives in good yields. The RuCl₃–NaIO₄‐mediated oxidative cleavage method eliminates protection and deprotection steps and the reaction takes place under mild conditions. The dual role of the benzylidene acetal, as a protecting group and source of carboxylic acid, was exploited in the efficient synthesis of six‐carbon sialic acid analogues and disaccharides bearing uronic acids, including glycosaminoglycan analogues.     

Synthesis of Arylglyoxylic Acids and Their Collision-Induced Dissociation

Abstract

A variety of substituted arylglyoxylic acids (2a?g) were synthesized via oxidation of the corresponding aryl-methylketones (1a–e) using selenium dioxide or Friedel–Crafts acylation of phenol (3) with ethyl chlorooxoacetate and further transformations. It was found that the arylglyoxylic acids (2) undergo facile unimolecular dissociation with loss of carbon monoxide to give the corresponding arylcarboxylic acids (7) under collisionally induced mass spectrometric conditions.     

Xps Analysis of Humic and Fulvic Acids

Abstract

The composition of humic and fulvic acids is examined using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS results are compared to that of elemental analyses. XPS permits an easy detection of the different chemical forms of carbon and sulfur that exist in these complex compounds.     

Preparation of Some Substituted Terephthalic Acids

We report in detail the preparation of two substituted terephthalic acids: 2‐sulfomethylterephthalic acid (1) and 2‐phosphonoterephthalic acid (2). Efficient, short syntheses have been developed for both compounds. They are potentially useful monomers for construction of acid‐pendant polymer chains.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱分离氨基酸和磷酸化氨基酸

本文报道了胶束电动毛细管色谱分离、汞灯诱导荧光电荷耦合器件检测分析氨基酸和磷酸化氨基酸的 4-氟 - 7-硝基苯 - 2 - 口恶 - 1 ,3-丫唑衍生物。研究表明 ,在 p H9.35的 1 0 mmol/L硼砂和 1 0 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠的电泳缓冲介质中 ,5种氨基酸和 3种磷酸化氨基酸在 1 0 min内完全分离 ,检测灵敏度为 1 .2 1× 1 0 - 8～ 5 .2 1×1 0 - 8mol/L ,分离效率达 7.3× 1 0 5～ 3.0× 1 0 5/m理论塔板数 ,结果令人满意     

The Chemistry of Hydroxamic Acids and N-Hydroxyimides

This progress report is concerned primarily with problems relating to the structure and reactions of hydroxamic acids and N-hydroxyimides, and also surveys some of the biological activities of these compounds. Particular significance attaches to the Lossen rearrangement of O-acylated hydroxamic acids, which leads to isocyanates or their reaction products.     

Thermal Studies on Some Substituted Aminobenzoic Acids

The thermal behaviour of various substituted aminobenzoic acids(3-aminobenzoic acid (3-ABA), 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA), 3-aminosalicylic acid(3-ASA), 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA), and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), as well as the‘parent’ benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) as reference substances, and possible decomposition products: 2-aminophenol (2-AP), 3-aminophenol (3-AP) and 4-aminophenol(4-AP) in the solid state has been examined. The various sets of isomers studied showed considerable and interesting differences. Most sublimed well before melting, generally with an increasing rate of mass loss beyond their very different melting points. The differences in behaviour of 4-ASA and 5-ASA were the most remarkable, with 5-ASA being far more stable and apparently not decarboxylating readily, while 4-ASA sublimed at temperatures below the melting point, becoming less stable and decarboxylating in the liquid form. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.