Metals in water and surface sediments from Henan reaches of the Yellow River,China

The concentrations of Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn were determined in the water and surface sediments from the Henan reaches of the Yellow River.Twenty-three sampling sites along the Yellow River and its tributaries were selected.Generally,metal concentrations were found to decrease in sequences of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cd in water and Zn>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd in sediments.High levels of metal concentration were determined at a few stations of the river and its tributaries,such as Yiluo River,Si River and Qin River.The pollutio...     

Metals in water and surface sediments from Henan reaches of the Yellow River, China

The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in the water and surface sediments from the Henan reaches of the Yellow River. Twenty-three sampling sites along the Yellow River and its tributaries were selected. Generally, metal concentrations were found to decrease in sequences of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd in water and Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd in sediments. High levels of metal concentration were determined at a few stations of the river and its tributaries, such as Yiluo River, Si River and Qin River. The pollution of the Yellow River by Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn can be regarded as much higher compared to the background values, US EPA criteria (1999) and China water quality criteria (2002). For sediments, metal levels except Pb did not significantly exceed the average shale levels and backgrounds in several countries including China. Data analysis manifests that positive correlations were found between Cu, Ni and Zn in water, and Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr in sediments. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and Cluster analysis were provided to assess the possible contamination sources. The results indicate a general appearance of serious pollution along the banks of the Yellow River. The wastewaters discharged by the mine plants, smelter plants, power plants, battery plants, tannery plants, etc., and sewage inputs from the cities along the river banks may be the sources of metals.     

鲁西南沿黄县区玉米中铅、镉、砷、铬的重金属含量及健康风险评价

为了评估鲁西南沿黄县区(东明县、牡丹区、鄄城县、郓城县)玉米中铅、镉、砷、铬重金属的污染风险,采集该地区玉米果穗,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)仪测定其玉米籽粒中铅、镉、砷、铬的含量,并使用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合多因子指数法和目标危险系数法开展玉米籽粒重金属污染评价和健康风险评价。结果表明,鲁西南沿黄县区玉米籽粒中重金属铅、镉、砷、铬的含量均未超出GB 2762—2017中规定的限量,重金属含量以Cr最高;鲁西南沿黄县区P_综和TTHQ均小于1,说明玉米籽粒中的重金属元素含量为清洁安全等级,食用该地区玉米对人体的健康风险较低。     

离线超临界流体萃取和气相色谱-红外-质谱联用测定水中有机污染物

利用吸附剂ＧＤＸ－３０１对黄河水中的有机污染物富集并以超临界ＣＯ２脱附后,通过气相色谱、色谱－红外－质谱联用技术对各目标分析物逐一定性,并比较了超临界ＣＯ２萃取和溶剂洗脱的结果。实验表明,在２０ＭＰａ,６０℃,４０ｍｉｎ条件下进行超临界ＣＯ２萃取时的萃取效率和溶剂萃取效率相当或略高。     

Identifying hydrological conditions of the Pihe River catchment in the Chengdu Plain based on spatio-temporal distribution of 2H and 18O

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - A latest thermokarst lake sampling program was carried out in the Source Area of the Yellow River in September, 2019. Isotopic signatures in water...     

三峡库区水体溶解有机质的荧光光谱特性

利用荧光发射和三维荧光光谱(EEM)研究了三峡库区(TGRA)长江干流及嘉陵江、乌江两支流水体溶解有机质(DOM)的荧光特性.结合采样段面溶解有机碳(DOC)、氧化还原电位(ORP)、pH等参数,考察了干流、两支流及其汇合后各水体DOM的荧光指数f450/500和类腐殖酸与类富里酸强度比值rC/D变化,分析了类腐殖酸、类富里酸及类蛋白质在库区支流与干流、上游与下游水体的来源、组成、分布及环境行为.实验表明: 干流水体中DOM以类富里酸、类蛋白质荧光有机质为主;嘉陵江水体DOM以类蛋白质为主,富里酸次之; 在朝天门与长江汇合后,类蛋白峰强减弱而类腐殖酸有一定增加;乌江以类富里酸为主,汇合干流后,富里酸和类蛋白质峰增强;库区上游水体DOM主要受嘉陵江影响;干流DOM受陆源性影响.初步揭示了水体DOM的EEM特性与库区水质参数的相关性,为水体监测与分析提供参考.     

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous extraction and determination of sudan dyes by on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized with attapulgite employed as matrix, which is simple and time-saving. In this method, sudan I was chosen as template molecule, 2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking agent, respectively. The imprinted polymer was characterized by the infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Then the selectivity experiments were performed on sudan dyes and the recognition coefficients for sudan I, sudan II, sudan III and sudan IV were 2.9, 1.9, 1.9 and 2.3, respectively. As the packing material of solid-phase extraction, the imprinted polymer has been applied to on-line concentration of the four sudan dyes in samples from Yellow River water, tomato sauce and sausage. The corresponding analytical methods to determine these sudan dyes have been developed. The limits of detection for these sudan dyes were in the range of 0.01–0.05 ng mL⁻¹ for Yellow River water, 1.0–3.0 ng g⁻¹ for tomato sauce and 0.8–3.0 ng g⁻¹ for sausage.     

双水相聚合法合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其絮凝性能

以聚乙二醇（PEG）水溶液为分散剂,过硫酸铵（KPS）为引发剂,采用双水相聚合法,用新型阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）与丙烯酰胺（AM）共聚,制备了一系列新型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)类絮凝剂,讨论了单体含量对聚合物相对分子质量、转化率和阳离子度的影响。 并对黄河水做了絮凝实验,讨论了CPAM投加量、pH值、搅拌速率、搅拌时间及静置时间对絮凝效果的影响。 所得CPAM的阳离子度随DAC含量增加而增大,CPAM的平均相对分子质量和转化率随DAC含量增加略有下降。 当CPAM投加量为0.3 mg/L,pH=6,以100 r/min搅拌15 min后,再静置10 min,絮凝效果最好,去除率达到92%。     

塞曼火焰原子吸收法测定黄河水体的总硬度

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定黄河水体的总硬度,钙的浓度在0.100～5.00 mg/L、镁的浓度在0.0500～2.00 mg/L范围内分别与吸光度呈线性关系,线性方程分别为A=0.045 5c+8.354×10~(-5)、A=0.514c+8.354×10~(-5),相关系数均为0.9999。黄河水样6次测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2％,t检验结果表明,该法与EDTA络合滴定法测定结果无显著性差异。     

Optical pH Sensor Based On Chemical Modification of Polymer Film

A new low-cost pH sensor developed by immobilizing a direct indicator dye to porous and transparent acetylcellulose film. This sensor was fabricated by binding α-Naphthyl Red and Alizarine Yellow GG to a cellulose acetate film that had previously been subjected to an exhaustive base hydrolysis. The membranes have good durability (>12 months) and a short response time (<5 s). The method is easy to perform and uses acetylcellulose as a carrier. The reagents used for the activity of the cellulose support are inexpensive, nontoxic, and widely available. The Alizarine Yellow GG sensor can be used for direct determination of pH in alkaline media without any alkaline error.     

聚合硅酸硫酸铁和聚合硫酸铁处理黄河水的效果及其絮体特性研究

采用聚合硅酸硫酸铁(PFSS)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)两种无机高分子混凝剂处理黄河水,考察了两种混凝剂对浊度和UV254的去除效果,并结合混凝过程中絮体zeta电位的变化,分析了两种混凝剂的混凝机理.通过激光粒度仪在线观察混凝过程中絮体的生长情况,发现PFSS比PFS生成的絮体生长速度快,尺寸大.对形成的絮体施加不同强度的剪切力,通过观察絮体粒径的变化来比较絮体的强度,发现PFSS生成的絮体强度较大.研究了在不同剪切强度和不同剪切时间下絮体的破碎程度和絮体的恢复能力(分别以破碎因子Bf和恢复因子Rf表示),发现在强剪切力和长剪切时间下Bf和Rf均较大;在相同条件下PFSS生成絮体的Bf较小而PFS生成絮体的Rf较大,这表明前者的抗剪切能力较强,而后者具有更强的再生能力.     

Coagulation effect and floc properties of polyferric silicate sulphate and polyferric sulphate in the Yellow River water treatment

Two inorganic polymer coagulants,polyferric silicate sulphate(PFSS) and polyferric sulphate(PFS),were comparatively evaluated in the Yellow River water treatment.The removal efficiency of turbidity and UV254 were investigated,and the zeta potential was measured.An online laser scatter instrument was used to determine the size distribution of flocs formed in the coagulation processes.Compared with PFS,PFSS forms flocs with higher growth rates and larger sizes.The formed flocs were exposed to a series of shea...     

离子色谱法测定沉积物中氯

采用艾斯卡试剂烧结法对沉积物样品进行分解,用离子色谱法分离测定沉积物中氯含量。以IonPacAG11型保护柱和IonPacAS11-HC型分离柱分离,以25mmol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。方法的检出限(3s)为8μg.g-1。方法用于黄河三角洲沉积物标准物质(GBW 07343,GBW 07344和GBW 07345)的分析,测定值与认定值相一致。     

Uranium in water of the Mulde River

The Mulde River is a left side tributary of the Elbe River and mainly situated in Saxony. The river system consists of the Freiberger Mulde River and the Zwickauer Mulde River, which merge to form the Vereinigte Mulde River. The Zwickauer Mulde River drains the former uranium mining and milling areas in Saxony. This research project was established to quantify the long-term effect of the former uranium mining and milling activities by investigating the content of uranium of the water of the Mulde River. The activity concentration of uranium in samples from the Zwickauer Mulde River is still high compared with the natural background. The values measured in the water of the Vereinigte Mulde River are also elevated, but to a lesser extent due to the dilution effect caused by the merging with the uncontaminated Freiberger Mulde River. Furthermore, the level of contamination of the river water decreased by at least a factor of three as compared to the early 1990s.     

Raman identification of yellow synthetic organic pigments in modern and contemporary paintings: reference spectra and case studies

The characterization of the binding media and pigments in modern and contemporary paintings is important for designing safe conservation treatments, as well as for determining suitable environmental conditions for display, storage and transport. Raman spectroscopy is a suitable technique for the in situ non-destructive identification of synthetic organic pigments in the presence of the complex binding media characteristic of synthetic resin paints or colour lithographic inks. The precise identification of a pigment by comparing its spectrum to that of a reference is necessary when conservation treatments with aqueous solutions or organic solvents are being considered for a work of art, since solubility properties can sometimes vary within the same pigment group. The Raman spectra of 21 yellow synthetic organic pigments, belonging to the monoazo, monoazo lakes, diarylide, disazo condensation, benzimidazolone, bisacetoacetarylide, azo-methine metal complex, isoindolinone and isoindoline groups are presented. Since modern artists frequently mixed paint developed for other applications, in addition to colorants developed as artists' paints, other synthetic organic pigments were included in the spectral database. Two monoazo pigments, Pigment Yellow 1 and Pigment Yellow 3, a benzimidazolone, Pigment Yellow 154 and a phthalocynanine, Pigment Green 7, were identified in sample cross-sections from four modern and contemporary paintings in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art in Ljubljana, Slovenia.     

Decolorization Potential of Some Reactive Dyes with Crude Laccase and Laccase-Mediated System

In this study, decolorization of dyestuffs, such as Reactive Red 198, Rem Blue RR, Dylon Navy 17, Rem Red RR, and Rem Yellow RR was studied using laccase and laccase-mediated system. The laccases are known to have an important potential for remediation of pollutants. Among these dyestuffs, decolorization of Rem Blue RR and Dylon Navy 17 was performed with crude laccase under optimized conditions. Vanillin was selected as laccase mediator after screening six different compounds with Rem Yellow RR, Reactive Red 198, and Rem Red RR as substrates. However, Rem Yellow RR was not decolorized by either laccase or laccase-mediated system. It is observed that the culture supernatant contained high laccase activity after treatment with catalase that was responsible for the decolorization. Besides, culture supernatant with high laccase activity as enzyme source was treated with catalase; in this way, the hypothesis that laccase was the enzyme responsible for decolorization was supported. The Rem Blue RR was decolorized with 64.84% under the optimum conditions and Dylon Navy 17 with 75.43% with crude laccase. However, using the laccase and vanillin, the decolorization of Reactive Red 198 and Rem Red RR was found to be 62% and 68%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the decolorization abilities of laccase and/or laccase mediator systems were based on the types of mediator, the dye structure, and the standard experimental conditions. Also, the electrochemical behaviors of some samples were studied. The redox potentials of these samples were determined using cyclic voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode in phosphate buffer (pH 6) solution.     

Acid dye adsorption onto cationized polyamide fibres. Modeling and consequent interpretations of model parameter behaviours

Experimental adsorption isotherms of four acid dyes named Acid Blue 25, Acid Yellow 99, Reactive Yellow 23, and Acid Blue 74 from aqueous solution onto cationized nylon-6,6 have been analyzed using a double layer adsorption model. The parameters involved in the analytical expression of this model such as the number or fraction of adsorbed dye molecule per site, n, the number of receptor sites per gram of adsorbent, N(M), and the concentration at half-saturation, c1/2, are determined from adsorption isotherms at four temperatures between 293 and 353 K. The evolution of these parameters with temperature is discussed in relation with adsorption process and the behaviours of the different dyes taking into account their particular structure. The results are compared with those already published dealing with the adsorption of these same dyes onto cationized cotton. The configurational entropy at various temperatures has been studied. This parameter allowed to deduce some results related to the evolution of the disorder during the adsorption process.     

Measurement of <Superscript>228</Superscript>Ra in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using the radon emanation method

²²⁸Ra levels in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were determined using the emanation method. The seawater radium was concentrated using an Mn-fiber and the ²²⁴Ra ingrowth was measured after about half a year when the initial ²²⁴Ra in the sample would have decayed. The ²²⁴Ra activity in the sample was evaluated using the decay dynamics relationship between parent ²²⁸Ra and daughter ²²⁸Th. The concentration and distribution feature of ²²⁸Ra in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were studied and the ²²⁸Ra concentrations in the surface seawater of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were in the range 0.09–15.0 Bq/m³ with an average of 6.84 Bq/m³ during the summer cruise, and in the range 0.09–16.9 Bq/m³ with an average of 6.37 Bq/m³ during the winter cruise. The ²²⁸Ra distribution in the northern Yellow Sea was different from the southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The highest ²²⁸Ra activity of surface water was located in the middle of the northern Yellow Sea, but for the southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea, it decreased with increasing distance from China continent.     

The impact of geologic parameters and water infiltration on the imprinting of <Superscript>133</Superscript>Xe

Analyses of stable (D and ¹⁸O) and radioactive (T) isotopes of different waters were applied to obtain the hydrological information in watersheds with different frozen ground types in the Source Area of the Yellow River, northeastern of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in 2014 and 2016. Variations of oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios, statistically higher tritium concentrations and lower water yields in thaw lakes confirm disparate sources of recharges to thaw lakes and other lakes. Thaw lakes at various stages of evolution influence the surface and subsurface water systems differently.     

Deposition of a photosensitive complex within a lecithin bilayer lipid membrane

In this paper the phenomenon of a photosensitive ion complex of Brilliant Yellow and ferric ions formation in the electrolyte phase and its subsequent deposition within a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) is described. Deposition of light sensitive complex into the BLM considerably increases its mechanical stability and drastically changes its electrochemical and photoelectrical properties as well.