高效液相色谱法测定电子烟烟液及气溶胶中茄尼醇含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定电子烟烟液及气溶胶中茄尼醇的含量。电子烟气溶胶中的茄尼醇使用剑桥滤片捕集,烟液及滤片分别经甲醇振荡萃取后,直接进行高效液相色谱测定。结果表明:茄尼醇在0.016~8.11μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9993),烟液及气溶胶在3个加标水平的回收率在97.06%~104.39%之间,相对标准偏差不高于1.06%,检出限为0.010μg/g。实际样品测试表明:电子烟烟液中的茄尼醇含量在0.014~25.67μg/g,检出率为64.21%;在一定的抽吸模式下,对于茄尼醇含量为25.67μg/g的烟液,8种电子烟产品抽吸150口的气溶胶茄尼醇释放量为2.62~10.12μg。     

气相色谱法测定电子烟烟液中烟酮的含量

取电子烟烟液0.500 0g,加入乙醇5mL制成待测溶液,用气相色谱法测定其中烟酮的含量。首先用气相色谱-质谱法确定标准品中烟酮的5个同分异构体目标峰的保留时间,然后通过对标准品溶液及样品溶液的色谱峰面积比计算烟酮在烟液中的含量。在气相色谱及气相色谱-质谱分析,选用了相同型号的非极性色谱柱HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱,以空白电子烟液为基体,在5个浓度水平上加入烟酮标准溶液,按气相色谱法进行测定。测得平均回收率在91.3%~92.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.70%~0.94%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量。烟用香精香料样品与萃取剂的比例为1g比100mL,在500W下超声萃取10min。在气相色谱分离中用DBWAXETR毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。以丙酸苯乙酯为内标物。香兰素和乙基香兰素的线性范围均为0.5~200mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.03,0.02mg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.4%~109%之间,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.43%~2.2%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.67%~2.6%之间。     

气相色谱法分析电子烟烟液中主要生物碱含量

建立了电子烟烟液中主要生物碱含量的气相色谱测定方法,并对19种品牌电子烟共计51种型号电子烟烟液进行含量分析。电子烟烟液经超声稀释提取后,直接进行气相色谱分析。采用HP-50+型毛细管色谱柱,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,内标法定量。结果表明:上述化合物在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好(R20.996),3个加标水平的平均回收率在97.1%~104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4%,检出限为0.00037%~0.0011%。实际样品测试结果表明:电子烟烟液中烟碱含量在0~28.36mg/mL,生产厂商所标注烟碱浓度差异率为-136.56%~100.00%,微量生物碱含量范围为0~0.045mg/mL,所测定微量生物碱总含量与烟碱含量之比在0~3.50%。     

离子色谱法测定电子烟烟液中氨的含量

建立了测定电子烟烟液中的氨含量离子色谱法。样品经10 mol·L-1盐酸溶液萃取10 min后,采用Dionex Ion Pac CS16A阳离子交换柱分离,以MSA为淋洗液进梯度洗脱,用电化学检测器检测。氨的质量浓度在0.05~1.0 mg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.035μg·g-1,测定下限(10S/N)为0.12μg·g-1。方法用于12种市售品牌电子烟烟液中氨的测定,加标回收率在93.2%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于4%。     

分散液液微萃取–气相色谱–质谱法测定水中3种硝基甲苯同分异构体

建立分散液液微萃取-气相色谱–质谱测定水中3种硝基甲苯同分异构体的方法。水中硝基甲苯用分散液液微萃取富集后经CD–5MS色谱柱分离,采用气相色谱质谱法测定。3种硝基甲苯同分异构体的质量浓度在0.0~40.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,方法检出限为0.03~0.04μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2%(n=7),样品加标回收率为90.2%~95.9%。该方法操作简便,萃取效率高,有机试剂用量少,适用于环境水样中硝基甲苯的检测。     

气相色谱－串联质谱法测定电子烟烟液中的10种生物碱含量

建立了一种气相色谱－串联质谱法测定电子烟烟液中10种生物碱含量的分析方法,并对仪器分析条件、样品前处理条件等进行了优化。样品加入2.0 mL 2% NaOH水溶液后,以10 mL二氯甲烷-甲醇溶液（体积比4∶1）为萃取溶液,涡旋振荡萃取30 min,萃取液经无水硫酸镁除水后,以气相色谱－串联质谱法多反应监测（MRM）模式检测。结果显示：在优化条件下,烟碱及9种次要生物碱在25～1 000 μg/mL及0.002 5～20 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性,相关系数（r2）不低于0.997,3个加标水平下的回收率为87.9%～109%,日内及日间精密度（RSD）分别不高于6.8%和7.9%,检出限（LOD）为0.0040～0.10 mg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.013～0.33 mg/kg。用该方法测定23种品牌共计171种型号电子烟烟液中10种生物碱含量,结果发现,电子烟烟液中的烟碱含量为2.16～23.73 mg/g,9种次要生物碱的含量中位值为0.06～7.35 mg/kg,检出率为64.91%～99.42%,其中9种电子烟烟液样品的总次要生物碱含量与烟碱含量比例大于1.0%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好、重复性好,完全满足电子烟烟液样品中10种生物碱的检测要求。     

固相微萃取气相色谱法测定饮料中山梨酸和苯甲酸

采用溶胶凝胶聚甲基苯基乙烯基硅氧烷萃取头萃取饮料中山梨酸和苯甲酸,用直接固相微萃取与气相色谱联用进行测定,通过试验确定了萃取时间、酸度等萃取条件。山梨酸和苯甲酸的浓度在0.2～40μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9988,0.9989,检出限分别为0.0332,0.00320μg/mL,饮料样品和加标样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.18%～7.03%(n=3),两个添加水平的加标回收率为80.5%～96.5%。该方法灵敏度比传统的液–液萃取气相色谱法高。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定烟用水基胶中15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

采用气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定烟用水基胶中15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的含量。烟用水基胶样品0.300g经2mL水分散,用10mL正己烷萃取5min。在气相色谱分离中用DB-35MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的质量浓度均在0.05~5.0 mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.006~0.027μg·g~(-1)。在4,20,100μg·g~(-1)等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率为87.8%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%~6.1%。     

基质固相分散-全二维气相色谱-质谱法分析电子烟烟液中的化学成分EI北大核心CSCD

建立了基质固相分散-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(MSPD-GC×GC-TOFMS)检测电子烟烟液中化学成分的分析方法。采用硅藻土为分散剂处理电子烟烟液,以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂震荡提取其中的化学成分,提取溶液用GC×GC-TOFMS分析。结果表明:基质固相分散方法可有效降低样品基质中丙二醇和丙三醇对目标成分的干扰;全二维气相色谱具有更高的分辨率和灵敏度,分析结果更可靠;方法重复性好,各成分测定的相对标准偏差小于9.9%;方法准确度高,考察了6种化合物的加标回收率在90.8%~114.8%之间。     

Application of pneumatic nebulization single‐drop microextraction for the determination of organophosphorous pesticides by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) including dichlorvos, diazinon, malathion, phenamiphos and chlorpyrifos, in water samples were extracted by pneumatic nebulization single‐drop microextraction (PN‐SDME) and then determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Experimental parameters affecting the performances of PN‐SDME, such as flow rate of carrier gas, extraction time and microdrop volume, were examined and optimized. The limits of detection for the analytes were in the range of 0.0014–0.0019 μg/mL. The linear range was 0.0050–0.50 μg/mL, except dichlorvos (0.0070–0.50 μg/mL). Water samples were analyzed and the recoveries of the analytes in the spiked water samples were from 75.2 to 105.3%. The relative standard deviations were lower than 12.7%.     

Determination of glyoxal,methylglyoxal, and diacetyl in red ginseng products using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with GC–MS

A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of glyoxal as quinoxaline, methylglyoxal as 2‐methylquinoxaline, and diacetyl as 2,3‐dimethylquinoxaline in red ginseng products. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated under optimum extraction conditions (extraction solvent: chloroform 100 μL, disperser solvent: methanol 200 μL, derivatizing agent concentration: 5 g/L, reaction time: 1 h, and no addition of salt). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 1.30 and 4.33 μg/L for glyoxal, 1.86 and 6.20 μg/L for methylglyoxal, and 1.45 and 4.82 μg/L for diacetyl. The intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations were <4.95 and 5.80%, respectively. The relative recoveries were 92.4–103.9% in red ginseng concentrate and 99.4–110.7% in juice samples. Red ginseng concentrates were found to contain 191–4274 μg/kg of glyoxal, 1336–4798 μg/kg of methylglyoxal, and 0–830 μg/kg of diacetyl, whereas for red ginseng juices, the respective concentrations were 72–865, 69–3613, and 6–344 μg/L.     

液相色谱–串联质谱法测定水果及其制品中氯吡脲残留量

建立了液相色谱–三重四极杆串联质谱测定水果及其制品中氯吡脲的方法。样品经乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取小柱净化后,用ZORBAX Extend-C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇–水为流动相等度洗脱,采用多反应监测正离子模式检测,外标法定量。氯吡脲的质量浓度在4.0~200.0 ng/m L范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.999,在5.0,10.0,20.0μg/kg 3个添加水平下,氯吡脲的平均加标回收率为86%~92%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.3%~7.6%(n=5),方法定量下限为2.0μg/kg。方法灵敏度高,操作简便,定量准确,可满足梨、柑桔、黄桃等水果及其罐头制品中氯吡脲残留的检测与确证需要。     

Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of nicotine and minor tobacco alkaloids in electronic cigarette refill liquids and second‐hand generated aerosol

A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine and seven minor tobacco alkaloids in both refill liquids for electronic cigarettes and their generated aerosol was developed and validated. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.3–20.0 and 1.0–31.8 ng/mL, respectively. Within‐laboratory reproducibility was 8.2–14.2% at limit of quantification values and 4.8–12.7% at other concentration levels. Interday recovery was 75.8–116.4%. The method was applied to evaluate the compliance of commercial liquids (n = 95) with their labels and to assess levels of minor alkaloids. Levels of nicotine and its corresponding compounds were also evaluated in generated aerosol. About 47% of samples showed differences above ±10 % of the stated nicotine concentration. About 78% of the “zero nicotine” liquids showed traces in the range of 1.3 ± 0.1–254.0 ± 14.6 μg/mL. Nicotine‐N ′‐oxides, myosmine, and anatabine were the most common minor alkaloids in liquids containing nicotine. Nicotine and N ′‐oxides were detected in all air samples when aerosol was generated from liquids containing nicotine. Nicotine average emissions from electronic cigarette (2.7 ± 0.9 μg/m³) were significantly lower (p < 0.01, t‐test) with respect to conventional cigarette (30.2 ± 1.5 μg/m³).     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法测定土壤中的多环芳烃

建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的方法。土壤样品经正己烷-丙酮提取,经无水Na₂SO₄脱水、氮吹浓缩后,弗罗里土小柱净化,采用气相色谱/质谱检测,内标法定量。结果表明:该方法在质量浓度0.4~10μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.9962,检出限为4.8~25μg/kg,定量限为19.2~100μg/kg;在0.05,0.15,0.40 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为55.4%~129.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~11%。采用该方法检测土壤样品,除苊烯、苊、芴3种多环芳烃未检出外,其他13种多环芳烃均有检出,其含量范围在6.6~86μg/kg。     

反相高效液相色谱法快速检测大豆素火腿中5种防腐剂

建立一种快速检测大豆素火腿中的苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸、羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯5种防腐剂含量的反相高效液相色谱法。大豆素火腿样品用水-甲醇(2∶1)超声振荡提取,提取液沉淀蛋白后,用0.45μm滤膜过滤,以Angilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱分离,梯度洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器检测。5种防腐剂得到良好的分离,质量浓度在0.1~5.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性相关,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,加标回收率为80.8%~115.2%,方法检出限为0.03~0.17μg/mL,定量限为0.10~0.54μg/mL,重复性相对标准偏差为1.35%~3.78%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,准确度高,重复性好,检出限低,适用于大豆素火腿中防腐剂含量的监测。     

Solid‐phase extraction using chloropropyl functionalized sol–gel hybrid sorbent for simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in selected fruit samples

A new sol–gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane was prepared as sorbent for solid‐phase extraction. The extraction efficiency of the prepared sol–gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane was assessed by using three selected organophosphorus pesticides, namely, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and malathion. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Several vital parameters were optimized to identify the best extraction conditions. Under the optimum extraction conditions, solid‐phase extraction‐methyltrimethoxysilane‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane method showed good linearity range (0.05‐1 μg/mL) with coefficient of determination more than 0.995. The limits of detection obtained were in the range of 0.01–0.07 μg/mL and limits of quantification ranging from 0.03 to 0.21 μg/mL. The limits of detection obtained for the developed method were 2.3–6.5× lower than the limits of detection of commercial octadecyl silica sorbent. Real samples analysis was carried out by applying the developed method on red apple and purple grape samples. The developed method exhibited good recoveries (88.33–120.7%) with low relative standard deviations ranging from 1.6 to 3.3% compared to commercial octadecyl silica sorbent, which showed acceptable recoveries (70.3–100.2%) and relative standard deviations (6.3–8.8%). The solid‐phase extraction‐methyltrimethoxysilane‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane method is presented as an alternative extraction method for determination of organophosphorus pesticides.     

气相色谱-火焰光度法测定土壤中有机磷农药残留

建立了气相色谱-火焰光度(GC-FPD)分析土壤中敌敌畏、氧化乐果、二嗪农、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、对硫磷、水胺硫磷、喹硫磷等9种有机磷农药残留量的方法。样品用丙酮-二氯甲烷(1:3)提取,浓缩、定容后用Hp-5MS(30m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱分离,FPD检测器检测。方法回收率在68.71%～110.39%之间;RSD在5.5%～11%之间;检出限在0.397～1.60μg/mL之间,方法可用于环境土壤样品中有机磷农药残留的测定。     

7种生物碱在不同粒径卷烟主流烟气气溶胶中的分布研究

建立了烟气气溶胶中7种生物碱的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法,并采用电子低压撞击器(ELPI)分12级捕集烟气气溶胶粒相物,研究了卷烟主流烟气气溶胶中7种生物碱含量和浓度的粒径分布。捕集的气溶胶样品加入氢氧化钠溶液和二氯甲烷进行碱法提取,提取液经DB-5MS弹性毛细管柱分离,选择离子监测模式测定,内标法定量。结果表明:该法检测主流烟气气溶胶中7种生物碱的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~6.4%,检出限为0.39~14.84 ng/cig,加标回收率为85.5%~124.8%。7种生物碱主要分布于0.144~0.722μm的中等粒径气溶胶粒相物中,在粒径0.431μm的粒相物中含量最高,与捕集的粒相物质量分布一致。7种生物碱在不同粒径气溶胶粒相物中的浓度基本趋于一致,其浓度随气溶胶粒径的分布无特异性。     

核壳填料色谱柱快速分析化妆品中苯并芘

以甲醇作为提取剂,在超声水浴作用下提取化妆品中的苯并芘,提取后的样品经离心过滤后采用高效液相色谱法进行分析。方法验证结果表明:该方法分析时间短,苯并芘在0.08～10.00μg/L范围内线性相关系数为1.000;方法定量限为0.08μg/kg(S/N=10);加标浓度分别为0.11、2.5、10μg/kg的平行5次测试结果的相对标准偏差分别为11.89%、3.07%、0.52%;加标回收率为83.6%～104.4%,实验结果良好。该方法适用于化妆品中苯并芘残留物的检测。