高效液相色谱法测定电子烟烟液及气溶胶中茄尼醇含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定电子烟烟液及气溶胶中茄尼醇的含量。电子烟气溶胶中的茄尼醇使用剑桥滤片捕集,烟液及滤片分别经甲醇振荡萃取后,直接进行高效液相色谱测定。结果表明:茄尼醇在0.016~8.11μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9993),烟液及气溶胶在3个加标水平的回收率在97.06%~104.39%之间,相对标准偏差不高于1.06%,检出限为0.010μg/g。实际样品测试表明:电子烟烟液中的茄尼醇含量在0.014~25.67μg/g,检出率为64.21%;在一定的抽吸模式下,对于茄尼醇含量为25.67μg/g的烟液,8种电子烟产品抽吸150口的气溶胶茄尼醇释放量为2.62~10.12μg。     

电子烟烟液中烟碱旋光异构体的手性液相色谱分离及测定

建立了手性色谱柱-液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)法测定电子烟烟液中烟碱旋光异构体,即左旋烟碱(S-(-)-烟碱)和右旋烟碱(R-(+)-烟碱),对分析方法进行了优化和表征。结果表明:(1)最优的色谱条件为:采用大赛璐手性柱CHIRALPAK-IC,流动相为正己烷/异丙醇(体积比为95:5,含0. 1%二乙胺),流速1. 0 m L·min-1,等度洗脱。在优选条件下,电子烟烟液中左旋烟碱和右旋烟碱能实现基线分离,分析时间仅需18 min;(2)左旋烟碱和右旋烟碱分别在15～700μg·m L-1、0. 75～30μg·m L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,二者检出限均为0. 02 mg·g-1。本方法左旋烟碱的日内、日间精密度分别为0. 73%、1. 67%,右旋烟碱的日内、日间精密度分别为4. 50%、8. 60%;二者回收率的结果在95. 50%～104. 5%之间;(3)选取不同口味、不同焦油量的电子烟烟液样品67个,对烟碱旋光异构体分别进行测定,结果表明电子烟烟液中主要为左旋烟碱,右旋烟碱检出率仅为12%,其含量占总烟碱的比例为0. 41%～4. 55%;(4)选取电子烟烟液样品20个,采用所建立的方法测定电子烟烟液和对应的电子烟气溶胶中左旋烟碱和右旋烟碱的含量,结果表明含有右旋烟碱的电子烟烟液所对应的电子烟气溶胶中未检出右旋烟碱。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定烟用水基胶中乙酸乙烯酯的残留量

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定烟用水基胶中乙酸乙烯酯的残留量。以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为基质校正剂、正丙醇为内标,通过顶空进样后,采用HP-VOC色谱柱分离,火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测。乙酸乙烯酯的质量浓度在0.51~50mg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.82μg·g-1。方法用于不同烟用水基胶中乙酸乙烯酯残留量的测定,加标回收率在96.2%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3%。     

连续流动分析法测定电子烟烟液中的烟碱

称取电子烟烟液样品0.100 0g于25mL具盖离心管中,加入15%(体积分数)异丙醇溶液10mL,溶解混合,静置后作为样品溶液。如果在静置过程中出现不完全混溶现象,可将离心管置于涡旋振荡器内,以5 000转·min~(-1)的转速振荡1min,离心后,取澄清液体作为样品溶液。用连续流动分析仪测定样品溶液在波长460nm处的吸光度。烟碱的质量浓度在10.0～500mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的吸光度呈线性关系,测定下限(10s)为1.5mg·L~(-1)。方法用于测定市售电子烟烟液中的烟碱,测定值与标记值基本相符,加标回收率在99.5%～101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.66%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定农产品中矮壮素残留量

提出了农产品中矮壮素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经甲醇-水(1+1)溶液提取,正己烷液液萃取后,采用阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化。所得净化液以阳离子交换树脂与C18混合填料色谱柱为固定相,以含0.1%(体积分数)乙酸的乙腈-10mmol·L-1乙酸铵(1+1)溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源,多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。矮壮素的线性范围为1.0~100μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为5μg·kg-1,测定下限(10S/N)为10μg·kg-1。矮壮素在10,100,500μg·kg-1等3个加标水平的回收率为90.5%~98.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.99%~2.2%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定烟用香精香料中香兰素和乙基香兰素的含量。烟用香精香料样品与萃取剂的比例为1g比100mL,在500W下超声萃取10min。在气相色谱分离中用DBWAXETR毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。以丙酸苯乙酯为内标物。香兰素和乙基香兰素的线性范围均为0.5~200mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.03,0.02mg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.4%~109%之间,测定值的日内相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.43%~2.2%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.67%~2.6%之间。     

离子色谱法测定变质烟用浸膏中硫化氢的含量

提出了测定变质烟用浸膏中硫化氢含量的离子色谱法。通过改进的蒸馏装置,在酸化条件下,对变质浸膏采取水蒸气蒸馏法分离,馏出的硫化氢气体用5%(质量分数)氢氧化钠溶液吸收。以IonPac AS7阴离子交换柱为分离柱,以1.5mol·L-1氢氧化钠-1mol·L-1乙酸钠-2%(体积分数)乙二胺(40+50+10)混合液为流动相,采用离子色谱-脉冲安培检测法测定其中硫化氢的含量。硫化氢的质量浓度在0.05~10mg·L-1范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3.2μg·L-1,加标回收率为92.0%~95.4%,日内相对标准偏差(n=7)和日间相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于4.0%。     

气相色谱－串联质谱法测定电子烟烟液中的10种生物碱含量

建立了一种气相色谱－串联质谱法测定电子烟烟液中10种生物碱含量的分析方法,并对仪器分析条件、样品前处理条件等进行了优化。样品加入2.0 mL 2% NaOH水溶液后,以10 mL二氯甲烷-甲醇溶液（体积比4∶1）为萃取溶液,涡旋振荡萃取30 min,萃取液经无水硫酸镁除水后,以气相色谱－串联质谱法多反应监测（MRM）模式检测。结果显示：在优化条件下,烟碱及9种次要生物碱在25～1 000 μg/mL及0.002 5～20 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性,相关系数（r2）不低于0.997,3个加标水平下的回收率为87.9%～109%,日内及日间精密度（RSD）分别不高于6.8%和7.9%,检出限（LOD）为0.0040～0.10 mg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.013～0.33 mg/kg。用该方法测定23种品牌共计171种型号电子烟烟液中10种生物碱含量,结果发现,电子烟烟液中的烟碱含量为2.16～23.73 mg/g,9种次要生物碱的含量中位值为0.06～7.35 mg/kg,检出率为64.91%～99.42%,其中9种电子烟烟液样品的总次要生物碱含量与烟碱含量比例大于1.0%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好、重复性好,完全满足电子烟烟液样品中10种生物碱的检测要求。     

大体积进样-离子色谱法测定炉水中痕量阴离子

提出了大体积进样-离子色谱法测定火电厂炉水中8种阴离子F-、CH3COO-、HCOO-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-及PO43-的含量。水样经AG17-C保护柱及AS17-C分离柱分离,以氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液进行梯度淋洗,采用抑制电导器检测。8种阴离子的质量浓度均在5.0～50μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(2S/N)在0.01～0.11μg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.05～0.52μg·L-1之间。方法用于火电厂炉水中8种阴离子的测定,加标回收率在97.8%～107%之间。     

静态顶空-气相色谱法测定养殖用水中11种氯苯类化合物

提出了静态顶空-气相色谱法测定养殖用水中11种氯苯类化合物的方法。取10mL含200g·L-1氯化钠的水样在20mL顶空瓶中于70℃振摇30min进行顶空进样的条件优化。选用DB-35MS毛细管气相色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,电子捕获检测器检测,外标法或标准加入法定量。在优化条件下,二氯苯、三氯苯、四氯苯的线性范围分别为0.16~8μg·L-1,0.017 6~0.88μg·L-1,0.004~0.2μg·L-1,五氯苯和六氯苯的线性范围均为0.001~0.05μg·L-1。11种氯苯类化合物检出限(3S/N)为0.0002~0.04μg·L-1,应用此方法对养殖用水进行测定,回收率在86.0%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.1%~5.8%之间。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.