Pt / InVO4 / TiO2可见光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Pt / InVO₄ / TiO₂三元体系可见光催化剂。以乙烯为模拟目标分子，评价其光催化活性并与二元体系催化剂Pt / TiO₂ 和InVO₄ / TiO₂进行比较。用DRS，XRD对催化剂的吸收带边和晶型进行了表征。结果表明：Pt / InVO₄ / TiO₂在可见光区（λ>450 nm）的光催化比活性比Pt / TiO相似文献   

TiO2-双亲共聚物复合纳米粒子的合成与紫外光敏特性

用偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性纳米粒子TiO₂, 应用超声技术将TiO₂ 纳米粒子分散在甲醇介质中, 然后用苯乙烯(ST)原位聚合包封, 再用丙烯酰胺或乙烯基吡咯烷酮(VP)共聚, 两步原位分散聚合得到了有机聚合物为壳、TiO₂为核的有机/无机复合粒子. 用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜等检测手段进行表征. 结果显示: 由于双亲共聚物对TiO₂纳米粒子的敏化作用, 紫外-可见光谱图上两种纳米复合粒子的最大吸收峰均有明显红移, 并且吸收光谱的范围扩大了, 其中尤以TiO₂/(PST-co-PVP)为甚. 意味着光敏化活性的提高, 特别是在可见光谱的范围内. 这种情形对宽带隙半导体材料如TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化特性是有利的, 表明这类材料的应用空间得到了拓展.     

TiO2-双亲共聚物复合纳米粒子的合成与紫外光敏特性

用偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性纳米粒子TiO₂, 应用超声技术将TiO₂ 纳米粒子分散在甲醇介质中, 然后用苯乙烯(ST)原位聚合包封, 再用丙烯酰胺或乙烯基吡咯烷酮(VP)共聚, 两步原位分散聚合得到了有机聚合物为壳、TiO₂为核的有机/无机复合粒子. 用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜等检测手段进行表征. 结果显示: 由于双亲共聚物对TiO₂纳米粒子的敏化作用, 紫外-可见光谱图上两种纳米复合粒子的最大吸收峰均有明显红移, 并且吸收光谱的范围扩大了, 其中尤以TiO₂/(PST-co-PVP)为甚. 意味着光敏化活性的提高, 特别是在可见光谱的范围内. 这种情形对宽带隙半导体材料如TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化特性是有利的, 表明这类材料的应用空间得到了拓展.     

纳米TiO2有机表面改性的研究

利用硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对表面包覆氧化硅的金红石相纳米TiO₂进行了有机表面改性。采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热分析(TG-DTA)、BET、透射电镜(TEM)、润湿性和分散性实验等对表面改性前后的纳米TiO₂进行了表征。红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱表明，KH-550以化学键合的方式结合在纳米TiO₂的表面，并形成了有机包覆层。经测量，纳米TiO₂表面的KH-550的质量分数约为2.0%。讨论了产生KH-550理论包覆量与实际包覆量差异的原因。TEM、TG和BET得出的结果显示，在纳米TiO₂有机表面改性过程中存在明显的团聚现象，改进分散纳米TiO₂的方法是提高有机改性效果的关键。润湿性实验和分散性实验表明，经KH-550表面改性的纳米TiO₂同时具有亲水性和亲油性。     

MO(M=Cu和Ni)/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂在CO+O2反应中的活性

采用X射线衍射(XRD)，程序升温还原(TPR)等表征手段考察了TiO₂改性对CuO(或NiO)在γ-Al₂O₃表面上分散以及还原性能的影响，同时检测了这些改性的催化剂在CO+O₂反应中的活性。结果表明:TiO₂的改性使得CuO和NiO在γ-Al₂O₃载体上的分散复杂化，产生了多种状态的氧化铜(氧化镍)物种。当负载量低于其在γ-Al₂O₃上的分散容量(0.56 mmol Ti⁴⁺/100 m² γ-Al₂O₃)时，TiO₂的加入主要是抑制了CuO和NiO在γ-Al₂O₃载体上的分散;而当负载量远大于其分散容量时，出现了CuO和NiO在晶相TiO₂(锐钛矿)上的分散。无论其负载量如何，TiO₂的加入促进了CuO的还原。因此，在250 ℃的CO+O₂反应中，改性的催化剂中具有更多的活性位，因而显示出更高的活性;相反，TiO₂的改性则抑制了NiO的还原。因此，在350 ℃的CO+O₂反应中，可还原的氧化镍的量明显少于未经改性的催化剂，导致改性催化剂的活性降低。     

S掺杂形式对TiO2基光催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用改进的Sol-gel法制备了S-TiO₂和TiO₂,用1 mol·L^-1的H₂SO₄对TiO₂进行表面修饰制成的SO₄^2-/TiO₂。采用XRD、IR、UV-Vis、SEM和EDS等技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,以L酸(1-萘酚-5-磺酸)为目标物,考察了所制备的催化剂的性能．结果表明：S-TiO₂的禁带宽度明显降低,并且对400~650 nm区域的可见光都有一定的吸收,其可见光活性和紫外光活性均高于SO₄^2-/TiO₂和纯TiO₂。     

B离子掺杂TiO2催化剂(TiO2－xBx)光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米TiO₂和TiO_2－xB_x催化剂. 光催化实验证明, TiO_2－xB_x催化剂的紫外、可见光催化活性均高于TiO₂. XRD, XPS和Raman结果表明, B离子是以取代式掺杂占据了TiO₂的O^2－的晶格位置. UV-Vis和PL谱的结果表明, B离子的2p轨道与O的2p轨道形成混合价带, 产生可见光响应, B离子的掺入有效地阻止了光生载流子的复合, 促进了其分离, 是TiO_2－xB_x催化剂紫外、可见光催化活性提高的主要原因.     

N掺杂对TiO2形态结构及光催化活性的影响

以TiCl₄为钛源,采用酸催化水解法合成TiO₂前驱体,在NH₃/N₂气氛下经不同温度处理制得浅黄色的N掺杂TiO₂(TON)光催化剂。以苯酚为模型物,考察了催化剂在紫外光区、可见光区及太阳下催化活性;采用DRS、XPS、XRD、FTIR、SEM及低温氮物理吸附对光催化剂的晶相结构、光谱特征和表面结构等进行表征。系统研究了N掺杂对TiO₂形态结构及光催化活性的影响。结果表明,掺杂N以阴离子形式进入TiO₂体相中置换晶格中的O,适宜温度下制得适量N掺杂的TON在紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下均表现出较高的活性。N掺杂在TiO₂表面生成Ti-O-N键,形成新的能级结构,使催化剂的吸收红移至450～550 nm,诱发TiO₂可见光催化活性。同时高温下煅烧,N掺杂可抑制TiO₂晶粒生长,减缓TiO₂粒子间团聚,提高锐钛矿相向金红石相转变温度,减缓相转化速度。     

双介孔结构的纳米TiO2/I2复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体, 碘溶胶为碘源, 在室温下采用水解沉淀法制备了单质碘和纳米TiO₂复合的双介孔结构光催化剂(M-I₂-TiO₂). 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面分析(BET)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱和傅里叶变换-红外光谱(FT-IR)对M-I₂-TiO₂进行了表征. 以次甲基蓝(MB)溶液为模拟废水, 对M-I₂-TiO₂的光催化性能进行了评价, 研究了不同热处理温度对光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, M-I₂-TiO₂在可见光区有显著的吸收, 300 ℃热处理得到的样品比表面积高达227.6 m²/g, 600 ℃热处理所得样品的比表面积仍高达111.8 m²/g, 而400 ℃热处理所得样品具有最好的光催化降解性能. 双介孔结构纳米TiO₂/I₂复合材料的光催化降解性能显著高于相同方法制备的纯TiO₂和Degussa P-25商业产品. 催化剂经6次重复使用其光催化活性基本保持不变.     

B离子掺杂TiO2催化剂(TiO2－xBx)光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米TiO₂和TiO_2－xB_x催化剂. 光催化实验证明, TiO_2－xB_x催化剂的紫外、可见光催化活性均高于TiO₂. XRD, XPS和Raman结果表明, B离子是以取代式掺杂占据了TiO₂的O^2－的晶格位置. UV-Vis和PL谱的结果表明, B离子的2p轨道与O的2p轨道形成混合价带, 产生可见光响应, B离子的掺入有效地阻止了光生载流子的复合, 促进了其分离, 是TiO_2－xB_x催化剂紫外、可见光催化活性提高的主要原因.     

Characterization, activity and mechanisms of a visible light driven photocatalyst: Manganese and iron co-modified TiO2 nanoparticles

An attempt was made to prepare Mn,Fe-codoped nanostructured TiO₂ photocatalyst for visible light assisted degradation of an azo dye (methylene blue) in aqueous solutions by a sol-gel process. The asprepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of Mn,Fe-codoped TiO₂ catalyst was evaluated by measuring degradation rates of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The results showed that doping with the manganese and iron ions significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under visible light irradiation. This was ascribed to the fact that a small amount of manganese and iron dopants simultaneously increased MB adsorption capacity and separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs. The results of DRS showed that Mn,Fe-codoped TiO₂ had significant absorption between 400 and 500 nm, which increased with the increase of manganese ion content. It is found that the stronger the PL intensity, the higher the photocatalytic activity. This could be explained by the points that PL spectra mainly resulted from surface oxygen vacancies and defects during the process of PL, while surface oxygen vacancies and defects could be favorable in capturing the photoinduced electrons during the process of photocatalytic reactions, so that the recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes could be effectively inhibited.     

Photocatalytic activity of polyaniline/Fe-doped TiO2 composites by in situ polymerization method

This study was focused on the photocatalytic activity of polyaniline (Pani)/iron doped titanium dioxide (Fe–TiO₂) composites for the degradation of methylene blue as a model dye. TiO₂ nanoparticles were doped with iron ions (Fe) using the wet impregnation method and the doped nanoparticles were further combined with Pani via an in situ polymerization method. For comparison purposes, Pani composites were also synthesized in the presence undoped TiO₂. The photocatalyst and the composites were characterized by standard analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and UV–Vis spectroscopies. Fe–TiO₂ and its composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light irradiation. Improved photocatalytic activity of Fe–TiO₂ was attributed to the dopant Fe ions hindering the recombination of the photoinduced charge carriers. Pani/Fe–TiO₂ composite with 30?wt.% of TiO₂ nanoparticles achieved 28% dye removal and the discoloration rate of methylene blue for the sample was 0.0025?min^?1. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and UV–Vis spectroscopies supported the idea that Fe ions integrated into TiO₂ crystal structure and Pani composites were successfully synthesized in the presence of the photocatalyst nanoparticles. The novelty of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic activity of Pani composites, containing iron doped TiO₂ and to compare their results with that of Pani/TiO₂.     

Synthesis of visible light-activated TiO2 photocatalyst via surface organic modification

A visible light-activated TiO₂ photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by the surface organic modification to sol-gel-hydrothermal synthesized TiO₂. The surface hydroxyls of TiO₂ nanoparticles reacted with the active -NCO groups of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) to form a surface complex that was confirmed by the FT-IR and XPS spectra. Due to the existence of surface complex, the absorption edge of as-prepared TDI-modified TiO₂ nanomaterial extended well into visible region. Compared with unmodified TiO₂ and Degussa P25, the TDI-modified TiO₂ photocatalysts showed higher activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation.     

Ag@AgCl修饰的锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

首先采用水热合成法和双氧水处理制备了具有锐钛矿相的TiO2纳米管,然后通过沉淀和光化学反应将Ag@AgCl纳米粒子负载于其上,从而制得TiO2纳米管负载的表面等离子体光催化剂.结果表明,经Ag@AgCl纳米粒子修饰后,锐钛矿相TiO2纳米管因表面等离子共振效应而对可见光具有明显的响应,光生电子-空穴对更容易分离,因而T...     

Tuning the properties of a black TiO2-Ag visible light photocatalyst produced by a rapid one-pot chemical reduction

A highly efficient black TiO₂-Ag photocatalytic nanocomposite, active under both UV and visible light illumination, was synthesized by decorating the surface of 25 nm TiO₂ particles with Ag nanoparticles. The material was obtained via a rapid, one-pot, simple (surfactant and complexing agent free) chemical reduction method using silver nitrate and formaldehyde as a metal salt and reducing agent, respectively. The nanocomposite shows an increase of over 800% in the rate of photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation, compared to commercial unmodified TiO_2, under UV-VIS illumination. Unlike pure TiO₂, the nanocomposite exhibits visible light activation, with a corresponding drop in optical reflectance from 100% to less than 10%. The photocatalytic properties were shown to be strongly enhanced by post-reduction annealing heat treatments in air, which were observed to decrease, rather than coarsen, silver particle size, and increase particle distribution. This, accompanied by a variation in the silver surface oxidation states, appear to dramatically affect the photocatalytic efficiency under both UV and visible light. This highly active photocatalyst could have wide ranging applications in water and air pollution remediation and solar fuel production.     

One-dimensional porous Ag/AgBr/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanofibres with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

One-dimensional (1D) Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ nanofibres (NFs) have been successfully fabricated by the one-pot electrospinning method. In comparison with bare TiO₂ NFs and Ag/AgBr/PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) NFs, the 1D Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ NFs photocatalyst exhibits much higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of a commonly used dye, methylene blue (MB), under visible light. The photocatalytic removal efficiency of MB over Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ NFs achieves almost 100 % in 20 min. The photocatalytic reaction follows the first-order kinetics and the rate constant (k) for the degradation of MB by Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ NFs is 5.2 times and 6.6 times that of Ag/AgBr/PVP NFs and TiO₂ NFs, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the stronger visible light absorption, more effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and faster charge transfer in the long nanofibrous structure. The Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ NFs maintain a highly stable photocatalytic activity due to its good structural stability and the self-stability system of Ag/AgBr. The mechanisms for photocatalysis associated with Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ NFs are proposed. The degradation of MB in the presence of scavengers reveals that h⁺ and ^?O ₂ ^? significantly contribute to the degradation of MB.     

Visible-light responsive dye-modified TiO2 photocatalyst

A series of dye-modified TiO₂ photocatalysts were synthesized using dye Chrysoidine G (CG), tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), and commercial TiO₂ (Degussa P25) as starting materials. TDI was used as a bridging molecule whose two -NCO groups reacted with Ti-OH of TiO₂ and -NH₂ groups of CG, respectively. As a result, special organic complexes were formed on the TiO₂ surface via stable π-conjugated chemical bonds between TiO₂ and dye molecules, confirmed by FT-IR, XPS, and UV-vis spectra. Due to the existence of π-conjugated surface organic complexes, the as-synthesized photocatalysts showed a great improvement in visible absorption (400-550 nm). Methylene blue, as a photodegradation target, was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance, and the dye-modified TiO₂ exhibited much better activity under the visible light irradiation than bare TiO₂.     

Photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanocomposite for azo-dyes degradation

The structural properties of Au/TiO₂ catalyst were studied by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible diffuse reflectance, photoluminescene, scanning transmission and electron microscope, and temperature programmed reduction. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated for the degradation of various azo-dyes such as methylene blue, methyl orange, reactive blue-4, and eosin-B under solar irradiation. It was found that TiO₂ catalyst modified with gold exhibits higher percentage of degradation compared to starting TiO₂. For example, TiO₂ showed 35% of methyl orange degradation whereas gold modified TiO₂ possessed 82%. Effect of different parameters such as pH and dye concentration has been evaluated and the photocatalytic activity was correlated with physico-chemical properties. The dye degradation rate followed first order kinetics.     

Synthesis and Study of Plasmon‐Induced Carrier Behavior at Ag/TiO2 Nanowires

Nanocomposites of Ag/TiO₂ nanowires with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance have been prepared by a facile solvothermal synthesis of TiO₂ nanowires and subsequent photoreduction of Ag⁺ ions to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the TiO₂ nanowires. The as‐prepared nanocomposites exhibited significantly improved cathodic photocurrent responses under visible‐light illumination, which is attributed to the local electric field enhancement of plasmon resonance effect near the TiO₂ surface rather than by the direct transfer of charge between the two materials. The visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic performance of these nanocomposites in the degradation of methylene blue dye was also studied, and the observed improvement in photocatalytic activity is associated with the extended light absorption range and efficient charge separation due to surface plasmon resonance effect of AgNPs.     

Improved visible light photocatalytic activity of titania loaded with silver on discoloration of a heterocyclic aromatic chemical dye solution

The photocatalytic activity of silver deposited Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (Ag-DP25) in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was investigated. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), infrared spectra and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) techniques. The obtained results show that the silver dopant could effectively inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron and holes, improving the absorption capability for visible light of photocatalyst and leading to increased surface OH group density. The degradation experiment reveals that the catalytic property of Ag-DP25 in the degradation of MB dye is more efficient than that of commercially available Degussa P25 TiO₂ (DP25) samples under visible-light irradiation. Besides, degradation kinetics of MB dye can, be well described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation and shows pseudo-first order law.