非衍生纤维素高效液相色谱手性固定相的研究

手性是自然界的一种普遍现象,构成生物体的基本物质如氨基酸、糖类、核酸等全都是手性分子.在生物的手性环境中,手性分子手性的不同往往表现出不同的生理、药理、毒理作用[1,2].因此,对手性化合物的拆分是非常重要的.目前,高效液相色谱(HPLC)手性分离分析方法是完成这项任务的重要手段,其中手性固定相法是最常用的方法[3].     

(S)-1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇的合成

手性醇作为重要中间体可广泛用于药物﹑农药及食品添加剂等的合成,国内外已有许多相关的合成报道[1,2].二元手性醇具有光、热和化学稳定性,是材料科学及药物开发的重要原料,如(S)-1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇,它不仅是液晶中不可缺少的重要原料和手性添加剂,而且已成为制备具有光学活性的医药、农药和功能材料的重要中间体[3,4].     

铜催化炔烃-联烯酮的区域和对映选择性控制的共轭还原

正不对称转移氢化反应是有机合成中高效构建手性分子的重要方法之一[1-4].目前,过渡金属催化α,β-不饱和类化合物的不对称氢化已经取得了突破性的进展,包括α,β-不饱和羧酸、酯、酰胺、酮、芳基或者烷基取代的烯烃以及炔烃的氢化等[5].其中很多方法依赖于贵金属催化剂,包括Rh、Ru、Ir和Pd等手性配合物[6].这些贵金属催化剂一方面使得转化方法的成本提高,另一方面也对环境和公众健康构成一定的影响.与上述贵金属催化剂相比,手性铜催化剂具有廉价、低毒、绿色和可持续性的优点,并且已被证明在不对称催化氢化中是有效的[7-8].因此,发展绿色、高效、低成本的铜催化的不对称氢化逐渐受到更多关注.     

钯催化芳基三氟甲磺酸酯与炔烃的不对称Heck偶联反应

带有轴手性的联烯化合物是一类重要的合成中间体[1],同样存在于各类天然产物和药物中[2].鉴于其重要性,近二十多年来,化学家们报道了各种各样的手性联烯合成方法[3],包括动力学拆分、不对称去对称化、不对称Wittig反应及炔丙基化合物的羧基化等.     

新型轴手性苯乙烯类硫脲-叔胺催化剂的设计与应用

<正>高效手性催化剂的开发是催化不对称合成的关键,而优势手性骨架的设计与构建是高效催化剂开发的核心[1].因此,设计与开发新型的优势手性骨架及其衍生的高效手性催化剂,是催化不对称合成领域永恒的主题[2].轴手性骨架是一类公认的开发手性催化剂及配体的优势手性骨架[3],其中,轴手性联萘骨架应用最为广泛[4].与之相比,轴手性苯乙烯类手性骨架在不对称催化领域的应用十分有限[5-8],目前仅有零星的文献报道,     

由D-Erythorbic Acid合成新的多官能团C4手性筑块

手性C4筑块是合成许多天然产物 Leukotrienes, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids及前列腺素A2等的重要合成子[1～3]. 然而到目前为止, 手性C4筑块只有从少数几种手性源如酒石酸, L-苏糖, D-赤藓糖等中才能得到[2～7]. 我们在以D-erythorbic acid为原料合成新型手性配体的过程中[8～10], 发现了一种简便获得选择性保护的多官能团手性C4筑块(化合物4, 5)的新途径(Scheme 1).     

高效液相色谱中乙基纤维素手性固定相研究

对映异构现象广泛存在于自然界中,由于对映异构体分子之间具有不同的光学性能和生物活性,因而外消旋体的拆分在药学和生物学等领域具有十分重要的意义.在手性拆分中,高效液相色谱是最普遍使用的方法之一,而其中又以手性固定相法最为常用[1].在众多手性固定相中,各种多糖及其衍生物,特别是纤维素和直链淀粉的衍生物因具有很好的手性识别能力而得到了广泛研究[2-3].但到目前为止,我们还未见乙基纤维素手性固定相的报道.本文制备了乙基纤维素手性固定相,并在正相、反相以及极性有机溶剂的流动相条件下,对15种手性化合物的拆分情况进行了探究,其中9种得到了不同程度的分离,研究结果表明该手性固定相具有较好的手性拆分能力.     

一个手性相转移催化剂的合成

近十几年来,手性相转移催化剂在不对称催化反应中得到了广泛应用,如不对称烷基化、Michael加成、环氧化、羟醛缩合等[1].手性季铵盐是手性相转移催化剂中很重要的一类,有代表性的是Corey和Lygo等设计合成的蒽甲基金鸡纳碱季铵盐催化剂及Maruoka等设计的具有C2对称轴的螺环手性季铵盐催化剂[2].这些催化剂对一些反应有很高的对映选择性.我们结合这两类催化剂的特点,设计合成了手性催化剂T,化合物的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,MS及元素分析确认.     

Cu(Ⅰ)催化的不对称直接插炔Aldol反应构建手性2,3-联烯醇

手性联烯是一类具有丙二烯结构的轴手性化合物,不仅广泛存在于众多天然产物[1]、药理活性分子及功能材料中[2],还是有机化学中非常重要的合成砌块[3].其中,含有一个中心手性和轴手性的2,3-联烯醇结构是类胡萝卜、素类、萜类以及溴代联烯天然产物的核心片段,表现出广泛的生理活性,并且由于同时含有联烯和醇羟基官能团,也具有多样的反应化学.因此,2,3-联烯醇的不对称合成具有重要的研究意义.     

手性Salen-Co(Ⅱ)配合物催化芳香酮不对称还原反应研究I

目前,以廉价的氢气为氢源,由潜手性的酮不对称加氢是制备手性醇最好的方法之一[1].但存在手性催化剂的膦配体不稳定以及贵金属(Ru、 Rh)的流失等问题.硼氢化钠是一种较温和的氢化试剂,Mukaiyama等用具有C2对称轴的一系列光学活性的二亚胺钴配合物催化硼氢化钠不对称还原芳香酮,实现了以硼氢化钠为氢源的不对称氢化反应[2].     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.