两亲性壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其自聚集现象

以壳聚糖为主链, 聚乙二醇单甲醚为亲水性链段, 癸二酸为疏水链段, 合成了一系列两亲性壳聚糖衍生物. 通过FTIR, 1H NMR和X射线粉末衍射等手段对壳聚糖衍生物进行了结构表征, 由元素分析方法计算出衍生物的取代度. 采用直接溶解法制备了壳聚糖衍生物的空白胶束, 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了胶束的形态. 由动态光散射(DLS)测定了胶束的粒径及分布, 并以芘为分子探针, 通过荧光光谱法测定了壳聚糖衍生物的临界聚集浓度(CAC). 研究结果表明, 壳聚糖主链上疏水链段的取代度越大, 其衍生物的临界聚集浓度越低, 相同浓度下的胶束的粒径也越小.     

两亲性壳聚糖衍生物的制备及其包覆量子点

以天然壳聚糖为功能性高分子的骨架,通过西弗碱还原法,以正辛醛和端醛基聚乙二醇单甲基醚(mPEG aldehyde,mPEG-ald)修饰壳聚糖,制备了具有亲疏水性质的N-辛基化-N-mPEG化壳聚糖衍生物(N-octyl-N-mPEG-chitosan,OPEGC),并且以此两亲性壳聚糖衍生物包覆量子点制备了水溶性聚合物量子点纳米粒子.用FTIR、1H-NMR对壳聚糖衍生物进行了结构表征.制备的水溶性胶束,用动态光散射(DLS)测试其流体力学直径与分布,研究了烷基链接枝比率对粒径大小的影响,研究结果表明:烷基链接枝率越高,聚合物胶束粒径越小.以芘为分子探针,通过荧光光谱法测定了壳聚糖衍生物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为2.032×10-2mg/mL,并对水溶性聚合物量子点纳米粒子进行了紫外、荧光及形貌表征,结果表明得到了荧光发射产率高的聚合物量子点纳米粒子,且尺寸均一、水溶性好.     

基于硝基苯类光扳机两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及其光响应性质研究

以香草醛为原料,制备了连接十二烷基长链的硝基苯类光扳机S-(o-硝基-m-甲氧基-p-十二烷氧基苄醇)(VND),并通过酰胺化反应与PEG₁₀₀₀-NH₂生成具有光响应性的两亲性嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-S-(o-硝基-m-甲氧基-p-十二烷氧基苄酯)(PEG-VND)。红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(¹HNMR)证明了合成的结构即为目标产物。PEG-VND可以在水中自组装成胶束,通过马尔文粒径仪和透射电镜(TEM)测定胶束的粒径。用紫外-可见光谱法(UV-Vis)研究胶束溶液随光照时间推移吸收光谱的变化。包载模型药物尼罗红后,检测PEG-VND对尼罗红的光控释放性质,结果表明:PEG-VND随光照时间的增加逐渐降解,尼罗红荧光发射强度逐渐减小,说明光照使得胶束解组装,释放模型药物。制备的快速光响应型控制释药聚合物胶束,具有潜在的生物医学应用的可能性。     

具有pH-响应性的聚天冬氨酸类载药胶束的制备和释放能力研究

通过大分子引发剂ω-氨基-α-甲氧基聚乙二醇引发N-羧基-α-氨基环内酸酐开环聚合和水合肼侧基改性,制备了一系列聚乙二醇-聚氨基酸类三嵌段共聚物.其中聚氨基酸链段包括具有酰肼基的聚天冬氨酸衍生物(PAHy),以及疏水性的聚丙氨酸链段.引入具有pH响应性的腙键键合阿霉素,利用键合阿霉素与游离阿霉素之间的π-π叠合作用,在聚合物自组装形成胶束过程中通过化学键合+物理包埋的方式充分负载药物.该胶束以聚丙氨酸链段为核心,以PEG链段为冠层,以PAHy链段为包裹药物的壳层.载药胶束的粒径在170 nm左右.研究不同pH值条件下载药胶束的药物释放能力,随环境pH值的降低药物的释放速率显著增加.     

氧化响应性含硒聚己内酯-b-聚磷酸酯三嵌段 聚合物胶束的合成及性能

以聚己内酯为大分子引发剂、异辛酸亚锡为催化剂引发磷酸酯单体2-乙氧基-2-氧-1,3,2-二氧磷酸酯环戊烷(EOP)开环聚合得到二嵌段的聚己内酯-b-聚磷酸酯聚合物PCL-PEEP。以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺,4-二甲氨基吡啶为偶合催化体系,以新合成的二羧酸含硒小分子3,3′-硒代二丙酸(Se-DCP)为偶联剂,得到含硒三嵌段聚合物PCL-PEEP-Se-PEEP-PCL,并采用溶剂挥发法制备该聚合物的胶束。通过核磁共振、红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱对聚合物的结构进行了表征,通过荧光光谱、核磁共振氢谱、动态光散射和透射电镜对聚合物胶束的临界胶束浓度和氧化响应性进行了分析表征,利用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法评价了聚合物胶束的生物相容性。结果表明:硒元素成功引入到聚合物中;聚合物胶束的临界胶束质量浓度为0.022mg/mL,胶束为平均粒径约91nm的球形;在过氧化氢的氧化条件下,胶束粒径出现不规则变化且球形胶束发生解组装;聚合物胶束具有良好的生物相容性。     

pH响应型苯硼酸酯连接嵌段聚合物的合成及药物控释

以含苯硼酸酯(PBE)的聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG)大分子(mPEG-PBE-OH)为引发剂,引发ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环聚合,制备了以硼酸酯结构连接的pH敏感两亲性聚合物(mPEG-PBEPCL)。然后,使该聚合物在水相环境中自组装形成"核-壳"结构纳米胶束,并将阿霉素(DOX)负载在胶束内核中,形成载药胶束(DOX@mPEG-PBE-PCL)。通过核磁共振氢谱(~1 H-NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合物结构进行了表征,通过透射电镜(TEM)和动态光散射(DLS)等对胶束的形貌和粒径进行了表征,通过紫外吸收光谱分析了胶束载药量和载药效率,并对胶束的pH敏感释药性能与体外细胞毒性进行了验证。结果表明:聚合物自组装形成粒径约127nm的球形胶束,对DOX具有较高的负载能力;聚合物具有良好的pH响应性和生物相容性,DOX@mPEG-PBE-PCL能在肿瘤细胞弱酸性环境中释放DOX,有效递送至细胞核;与游离的DOX·HCl相比,DOX@mPEG-PBE-PCL对鼠源黑色素瘤B16F10细胞具有相近的抗肿瘤活性。     

基于“分子胶”的新型两亲性嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA的合成及其胶束化

以二重氢键为引导,二硫键连接疏水性聚乳酸(PLA)和亲水性β-环糊精(β-CD)合成了嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA。采用1 H-NMR和GPC对嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA的结构进行了表征,以芘作为荧光分子探针对嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA自组装胶束的性质进行了表征,采用动态光散射纳米粒度仪(DLS)对自组装胶束的粒径进行了测试。结果表明:在二重氢键的引导作用力和碘的氧化作用下,中间体脱去保护基形成双二硫键,形成目标嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA,该嵌段共聚物能够在水中自组装形成纳米胶束,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.089mg/mL,在稀溶液中具有良好的稳定性,自组装形成空白胶束的粒径为31nm,阿霉素盐酸盐(DOX)载药胶束的粒径为42nm。     

pH和还原双重敏感性超支化纳米胶束的制备及其释药性能

将聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDGE)与胱胺(Cys)置于水溶液中,通过亲核开环反应制备出超支化聚合物,并自组装形成多核-壳结构的纳米胶束,再通过甲氨蝶呤(MTX)与纳米胶束间的疏水作用制备出载药胶束。用FT-IR、~1H-NMR、DLS、SEM等方法对聚合物结构和胶束粒径与形貌进行表征,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试纳米胶束和载药胶束的细胞毒性。结果表明:聚合物经过透析纯化后自组装形成纳米胶束,其粒径约为100nm,呈均一球形;载药胶束对MTX的载药率为10.32%;当载药胶束处于模拟肿瘤环境中时,酸性和还原性条件可刺激药物释放。细胞毒性实验表明,纳米胶束具有优良的生物相容性;载药胶束具有较强的抗肿瘤活性。     

聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系的自组装行为研究

以聚肽、壳聚糖为原料,制备复合纳米粒子,采用透射电镜、动态激光散射仪及Zeta电位分析仪、荧光光谱仪对制备成的聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系纳米粒子的形貌、粒径、Zeta电位及临界胶束浓度等自组装行为进行表征,结果表明:聚肽-壳聚糖复合体系纳米粒子是具有壳-核结构的球型粒子;纳米粒子平均粒径为240nm,粒径分布较均匀,稳定性较好;复合体系中聚肽的临界胶束浓度为4.55×10-4mg/mL.     

pH响应壳聚糖衍生物的合成与自组装

以甲烷磺酸为反应溶剂,将己酰氯接枝到壳聚糖(CS)侧基上,得到可溶于常见有机溶剂的己酰化壳聚糖(HC);亲水性聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG)通过活泼酯法接枝到HC上,最终获得两亲性壳聚糖衍生物PEG-g-HC。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)与紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)表征产物结构,用动态光散射、透射电镜与荧光光谱等方法研究了PEG-g-HC的自组装行为。结果表明:通过改变己酰氯与CS的投料比可调节HC的取代度;随着HC中己酰基取代度增大,HC在水介质中溶解的临界pH随之降低;PEG-g-HC可自组装为球形胶束,通过改变HC中己酰基的取代度可调控其pH响应行为。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.