基于Ni_(12)P_5纳米粒子的电化学传感器用于灵敏测定葡萄糖（英文）

通过改进的热溶剂胶体合成法制备了单分散的Ni_(12)P_5纳米粒子,并利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线能谱对Ni_(12)P_5纳米粒子的晶体结构、化学组成和形貌等进行了表征。基于单分散Ni_(12)P_5纳米粒子研制出的非酶葡萄糖传感器具有出色的性能,其快速响应时间小于3 s,检测范围广(0.002～4.2 mmol·L-1),灵敏度高达1 572 mA·L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-2),检测限低至0.8μmol·L~(-1)。此外,该传感器在用于人体血液中葡萄糖的实际检测中取得了满意的效果。     

交联镍纳米片修饰电极用于无酶葡萄糖传感器

以滴涂法在玻碳电极表面修饰一层阳离子交换聚合物Nafion膜,通过离子交换将Ni2+固定于电极表面,进一步电化学沉积得到相互交联的Ni纳米片。Ni纳米片修饰电极能催化葡萄糖的电化学氧化,可用于无酶葡萄糖传感器的构建。在0.60 V恒电位条件下,Ni纳米片修饰电极的氧化峰电流随葡萄糖浓度的增大而增大,其线性响应浓度范围为0.02~3.85 mmol/L。传感器的检测灵敏度为150.6μA(mmol/L)-1·cm-2,检出限为5μmol/L,响应时间为5 s。传感器应用于葡萄糖注射液的检测,加标回收率为90.0%。     

基于镍基纳米材料电化学传感器的α-糖苷酶抑制剂筛选方法研究

采用多周期的电化学循环伏安(CV)法在泡沫镍(NF)上一步制备了镍基纳米材料修饰电极(Ni(OH)₂/NF)用于α-糖苷酶抑制剂的酶抑制活性评价,并基于此建立了一种简便的中药糖苷酶抑制剂筛选方法。采用X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电镜表征修饰电极表面的结构和形貌;采用CV法和计时电流法测试电极的电化学性能。结果表明,Ni(OH)₂/NF传感器检测复杂酶体系中的葡萄糖具有良好的电化学响应,灵敏度高达3222μA·mmol/(L·cm²),线性范围为3.0～6000μmol/L,检出限低至0.9μmol/L (S/N=3)。采用临床降糖药物阿卡波糖验证了此传感器用于α-糖苷酶活性检测的可行性;并将传感器应用于莲须提取液的酶抑制效果评价,发现莲须具有一定的α-糖苷酶抑制活性,其半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为3.31 g/L。本研究结果表明,研制的传感器适用于α-糖苷酶抑制活性分析,为天然降糖药物筛选提供了一种新方法。     

高性能多级花状Co3O4基无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器

以硝酸钴、碳酸钠、尿素为原料,泡沫镍为基体,采用水热和煅烧相结合的二步法制备了一种多级花状Co_3O_4/Ni异质结构的无酶葡萄糖传感器。通过X射线衍射与扫描电镜对Co_3O_4/Ni电极的成分及形貌进行了表征,并采用循环伏安法在1mol/L KOH溶液中测试了Co_3O_4/Ni异质结构葡萄糖传感器电极的电化学性能。结果表明,通过二步法在泡沫镍表面制备的Co_3O_4呈现多级花状纳米纤维结构。将制备的Co_3O_4/Ni异质结构作为电极构建的无酶葡萄糖传感器表现出响应时间快(低于5s)、检测灵敏度高(7.4m A·(mmol/L)~(-1)·cm~(-2))、检出限低(1.17μmol/L,S/N=3)和线性检测范围宽(0~5 mmol/L)的特点。进一步的抗干扰性检测表明所制备的传感器在+0.44V vs.SCE对葡萄糖表现出良好的选择性。本文所制备的多级花状Co_3O_4基电极在无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展中有着很大的应用潜力。     

芦丁在Au-TiO_2修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

利用沉淀沉积法合成了纳米金-二氧化钛(Au-TiO_2)复合纳米材料.构建了Au-TiO_2复合材料修饰的电化学传感器,并对芦丁进行了检测.通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对Au-TiO_2复合材料进行表征,利用循环伏安(CV)和电流时间曲线(Amperometric i-t Curve)考察了其对芦丁的电催化性能.在最优条件下对芦丁进行检测,检测范围为0.1~10μmol/L,灵敏度为1.47μA·μmol·L~(-1)·cm~(-2),信噪比为3时检测限为0.083μmol/L.     

基于NiMoO4纳米棒的无酶型葡萄糖电化学传感器

通过水热反应和退火处理制备NiMoO_4纳米棒(NiMoO_4NRs),并以该材料构建了无酶型葡萄糖电化学传感器。扫描电镜和X射线衍射表征显示,合成的NiMoO_4NRs为纳米带成束组装形成的纳米棒结构,且为α相的单斜晶体。电化学测试表明,NiMoO_4NRs对葡萄糖的氧化具有良好的催化作用和灵敏的响应,其线性范围为0.2μmol/L～2.633 mmol/L和2.633～10.133 mmol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.02μmol/L。该电化学传感器选择性、重现性和稳定性良好,可以实现人体血清中葡萄糖含量的快速测定。     

基于含Ni稀土钙钛矿LaNiTiO3的过氧化氢无酶传感器

合成了一种含Ni的新型稀土钙钛矿纳米氧化物LaNiTiO3,研究了其催化活性,并以此构建了一种简单、快速、性能稳定的检测过氧化氢(H2O2)无酶电化学传感器。采用X-射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、X-射线荧光光谱仪以及扫描电子显微镜等手段对合成材料的组成、结构和形貌等进行了表征,并通过循环伏安法和电流-时间曲线研究和优化了基于该材料构建的无酶传感体系。结果表明,以LaNiTiO3(0.5 g/L,8.0μL)修饰的工作电极在0.1 mol/L NaOH中对H2O2呈现良好的电催化性能:响应时间短(约2 s)、线性范围宽(0.2μmol/L~8.0 mmol/L)、检出限低(0.05μmol/L,S/N=3)、灵敏度高(957μA·L·mmol!1cm!2)、重现性好和抗干扰能力强,优于最近报道的其它传感器,有望用于生物医学等实际样品H2O2检测分析中。     

电沉积Cu_2O在无酶葡萄糖传感器中的应用

采用电化学沉积法在玻碳电极表面制备了Cu_2O,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对Cu_2O的微观结构和表面形貌进行了表征,通过循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了Cu_2O对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能。结果表明:该修饰电极对葡萄糖有良好催化作用,葡萄糖检测的线性范围为5.0μmol/L~6.23mmol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为0.4μmol/L。该传感器制备简单,稳定性和重复性好,可用于实际样品的测定。     

中空介孔碳球修饰的丝网印刷碳电极用于尼古丁的电化学检测

将一步法合成的中空介孔碳球(HMCS)修饰在丝网印刷碳电极(SPCE)上,得到了用于尼古丁电化学检测的新型电极(HMCS/SPCE)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及拉曼光谱等方法对HMCS及修饰电极HMCS/SPCE进行表征。由于HMCS具有较大的电化学活性面积和良好的导电性,修饰电极HMCS/SPCE对尼古丁表现出良好的电催化活性。在优化实验条件下,电极HMCS/SPCE对尼古丁的检测线性范围为0~500μmol/L,灵敏度为0.850 m A/(cm~2·mmol·L~(-1)),检出限为0.058μmol/L。制备的传感器具有重复性好、稳定性高等特点,可用于实际烟草样品中尼古丁的检测。     

基于AuNP/PEI/MWCNTs构筑的双酚A电化学传感器

制备了一种基于AuNP/PEI/MWCNTs纳米复合材料的电化学传感器,并通过循环伏安法(CV)测定痕量的双酚A(BPA)。AuNP紧密地锚固在管状交联的聚乙烯亚胺均匀包裹的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的空隙中形成AuNP/PEI/MWCNTs。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和粉末X射线衍射对AuNP/PEI/MWCNTs纳米复合材料进行了形貌结构的表征。本实验利用循环伏安法测定的线性范围为0.1μmol·L~(-1)～100μmol·L~(-1),根据S/N=3计算BPA的检出限(LOD)为10.5 nmol·L~(-1),并且该电化学传感器用于测定包装饮用水样品中BPA的迁移,回收率为95.6%～106.6%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.