α-取代丙酸酯化合物在全甲基环糊精固定相上的手性拆分

在全甲基β-环糊精(PMBCD)手性固定相上,测定了20对α-取代丙酸酯类化合物对映体的手性分离行为,计算出18对对映体的热力学参数,并利用超热力学方法证明了其中17对对映异构体在PMBCD上的拆分存在焓熵补偿现象,即存在相同或基本一致的拆分机制。结合热力学参数,讨论了衍生基团、取代基团等因素对对映体分离的影响,论述了PMBCD固定相对这20对对映体的分子识别特性和保留机理。     

六种氨基醇药物在1-萘万古霉素手性固定相上的对映体分离

在1-萘万古霉素手性固定相上分离了6种氨基醇类药物的对映体。考察了流动相中的酸、碱添加剂种类和浓度、溶质的化学结构对对映体分离的影响,同时探讨了手性识别机理。结果表明:普萘洛尔、比索洛尔、阿替洛尔、美托洛尔、索他洛尔和沙丁胺醇等6种药物的对映体在1-萘万古霉素手性柱上得到了完全分离,当甲醇流动相中冰乙酸和三乙胺添加剂量均为0.001%(体积分数)时,6种氨基醇的选择因子依次是1.16,1.36,1.15,1.10,1.18,1.16。     

四种选择性β2受体药物在不同酰胺型固定相上的拆分

比较了四种选择性β2受体手性药物氯丙那林、沙丁胺醇、克伦特罗以及丙卡特罗在Whelk-O1、DNB-PG、DNB-Leucine和SH-1等四种刷型酰胺手性固定相上的对映体直接拆分行为,考察了被分离化合物分子结构、固定相分子结构等因素对对映体分离选择性的影响,对药物与固定相分子的手性识别机理进行了初步探讨,给出了药物分...     

Pirkle型手性固定相分离4种β_2-受体激动剂对映体

采用高效液相色谱法,以Pirkle型手性固定相α-Burke-2对马布特罗、班布特罗、克伦特罗、克伦普罗4种β2-受体激动剂对映体进行手性拆分。考察了缓冲盐添加剂种类及浓度,有机溶剂类型及含量,以及柱温对保留行为和分离的影响。当流动相为二氯甲烷-乙醇(19∶1)(含5 mmol/L醋酸铵),流速为2.0m L/min,柱温为20℃时,克伦特罗和克伦普罗对映体可实现基线分离,分离度可达1.78和1.68;班布特罗和马布特罗可实现部分分离,分离度分别为1.00和1.25。对4种β2-受体激动剂对映体在α-Burke-2手性固定相上热力学参数的变化进行计算,证明β2-受体激动剂对映体与手性固定相之间的相互作用是焓控过程。β2-受体激动剂对映体与Pirkle型固定相间的π-π主客体相互作用和氢键作用是实现对映体分离的最主要分离机制。     

涂敷型手性固定相的制备及氯氟草醚乙酯对映体的高效液相分离

 在前人工作的基础上,以微晶纤维素和3,5 二甲基苯基异氰酸酯为原料合成了纤维素 三(3,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯),并将其涂敷于小粒径的氨丙基化硅胶(APS)上,制备出纤维素 三(3,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)涂敷型硅基手性固定相。通过元素分析、红外光谱对该固定相进行了表征。用正相高效液相法在该固定相上首次直接拆分了触杀型苗后除草剂氯氟草醚乙酯对映体。考察了流动相组成对对映体保留和拆分的影响,结果发现,随着异丙醇体积分数的减小,对映体的分离度逐渐增大,在异丙醇的体积分数为1 0%时,分离度已达3 95。     

四种α-取代丙酸酯在环糊精气相色谱固定相上的手性拆分机理

计算了4种α-取代丙酸酯衍生物在β-环糊精衍生物气相色谱固定相上手性分离过程中的热力学参数,对手性拆分机理进行了探讨。实验结果显示随着温度的升高,样品的容量因子、手性选择因子和分离度都在逐渐降低。热力学参数表明,4种α-取代丙酸酯在固定相上的色谱保留及手性识别都为焓驱动过程,氢键力没有在手性识别中起到决定作用,而样品的母体结构和取代基团的性质则对手性识别有较大的影响。样品在固定相上的手性分离效率的驱动力主要来自于其对映异构体与固定相之间作用力的能量差异。     

2-芳基丙酸类手性药物色谱拆分的热力学研究

以0.5%和1.0%(体积分数)正丙醇-50 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.41)为流动相,温度74~313 K,在Chiral-AGP柱手性固定相上,考察了萘普生和布洛芬对映体在手性柱上的保留和分离行为。在实验范围内,温度升高对分离不利,随着温度的升高,对映体的保留时间、分离度和选择性因子都减少;萘普生对映体的分离度均比布洛芬大;流动相含1.0％正丙醇时,萘普生对映体和布洛芬对映体达到完全分离应控制的最高温度分别为298和288 K。用ln k对1/T作图得到的Van’t Hoff曲线都具有良好的     

用离子对色谱分离氨基酸衍生物的对映体

通过在由（Ｓ）－（Ｎ）－（２萘基）丙氨酸衍生而成的“刷型”手性固定相上采用离子对色谱分离氨基酸的３,５－二硝基苯甲酰衍生物,探讨了非手性离子对试剂的浓度对溶质保留和选择性的影响。使用甲醇与磷酸盐缓冲溶液组成的溶剂为流动相,考察了甲醇含量对手性分离的影响,另外,通过在不同构型的和性固定相上做对照实验,证明在结构相同、构型相反的手性固定相上,对映体的出峰顺序是相反的。     

纤维素键合手性固定相拆分6种萘满酮衍生物对映体

使用Chiralpak IC（纤维素-三（3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯）共价键合硅胶）手性柱,建立了采用手性固定相高效液相色谱拆分6种 α -芳基萘满酮类衍生物对映体的方法。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的种类和比例、柱温和流速对对映体分离的影响。结果显示6种化合物在异丙醇为改性剂的条件下均可获得较高的对映体分离度。热力学研究表明6种化合物对映体的手性拆分过程均受焓驱动影响,且低温有利于对映体分离。最终推荐分离化合物Ⅰ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（90：10,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（99：1,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅴ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（85：15,v/v）;分离化合物Ⅵ对映体的流动相是正己烷-异丙醇（80：20,v/v）。柱温为25℃,流速为1.0 mL/min。6种化合物对映体均可在Chiralpak IC手性固定相上得到完全分离,证明该色谱柱对6种化合物具有较高的对映体选择性。     

冠醚对映体在β-环糊精柱上的分离

〕β-环糊精柱分离20种冠醚的对映体,使用甲醇/1%乙酸三乙铵（水溶液）为移动相,可以获得好的分离选择性,多数冠醚的对映体达到基线的分离,其中7种、8对对映体是过去不能分离的。对β-糊精柱的结构和它对对映体分离选择性的机制作了简要的讨论。     

Computational study of enantioseparation by amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase

The mechanism of chiral separation on amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) is studied with docking simulations of enantiomers by molecular dynamics. All‐atom models of amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) on the modified silica gel surface were constructed for the docking simulations of metalaxyl and benalaxyl. The elution orders and energetic differences were also predicted based on the intermolecular interactions, which were in agreement with the experimental results. The radial distribution function was employed to analyze the structural features of the enantiomer‐chiral stationary phase complex and used to elucidate the mechanism of chiral separation. The separation of metalaxyl and benalaxyl is mainly controlled by the hydrogen bond. And the binding sites had slight differences for the pair of enantiomers, but obvious differences between different chemicals.     

三唑烯醇手性识别的分子力学研究

近十几年来 ,解决不同类型手性化合物的分离是手性色谱发展的前沿领域 [1～ 3] ,对手性识别机理的研究也逐渐引起重视 [4 ,5] ,但由于缺乏手性固定相和手性化合物分子复合体的单晶数据 ,有关手性分离机理的通用定量解释方法很不完善 .采用分子模型设计和理论计算方法 ,研究 CSPs与手性化合物复合体的三维结构性质 ,不仅易于获得 CSPs与 R-体、S-体之间能量的差值 ,而且能直观地得出手性识别发生的位置、作用力的性质及其大小 ,这对于新型 CSPs的设计 ,药物动力学研究和药物分子设计具有十分重要的意义 .本文利用分子力学方法研究了手性…     

Preparation of Cyclodextrin Type Stationary Phase Based on Graphene Oxide and Its Application in Enantioseparation and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography

Graphene oxide (GO) was covalently coupled to the surface of amino silica gel by amide bond. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was further chemically bonded with GO to prepare a novel chiral stationary phase. The resulting material was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The separation of seven enantiomers was improved in varying degrees. Meanwhile, the stationary phase showed typical characteristics of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and four small nucleoside molecules were separated with the mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water (45:45:10, V/V) in the HILIC mode. In addition, the separation mechanism of the stationary phase was further explored by studying the effects of mobile phase composition, temperature and pH value on the analyte retention. The low temperature was conducive to the separation of analytes at 20–60 °C. The addition of protonated solvent methanol significantly decreased the retention time of the four analytes. The change of pH affected the degree of protonation of the analyte, the interaction between analytes and the stationary phase, and retention time of analytes. The results showed that GO and β-CD played a synergistic effect in the chiral resolution of the chromatographic stationary phase. The retention of analytes in HILIC was attributed to their mixed-mode retention mechanisms including hydrophilic interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and so on.     

N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯有机磷化合物高效液相 色谱保留和手性识别 机理的研究

在正相条件下,首次对一系列N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯化合物在环糊精类固定相CYCLOBONDISN和Pirkle型固定相SumichiralOA4700上实现了高效液相色谱手性折分,探索运用定量结构-对映异构体选择性保留关系的方法,将对映异构体的色谱保留和溶质分子描述参数相关性联系建立定量方程,结比研究了这二种不同类型的手性固定相对该系列有机磷化合物的色谱保留和手性识别机理,结果表明：对该系列化合物而言,Pirkle型手性因定相SumichiralOA4700的色谱手性折分能力明显优于在β-环糊精上衍生引入了额外的与前者类同的Pirkle型不对称中心的环糊精类固定相CYCLOBONDISN;环糊精类固定相CYCLOBONDISN在正相色谱条件下,包结机理不起主要作用,其作用方式更接近"Pirkle"型手性固定相;虽然二者具有类同的Pirkle型不对称中心,但是,手性识别机理差异显著,在CYCLOBONDISN手性固定相上,对N-苄氧甲酰基-α-氨基膦酸二苯酯化合物色谱折分贡献较大的是其logP和Angle参数相应的相互作用,环糊精提供的不对称性环境对手性识别有重要影响;而SumichiralOA4700对该系列化合物的手性识别与locD和TE相应的作用力相关。     

Enantioseparation and molecular modeling study of eight psychoactive drugs on a coated polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase

The enantioseparation of eight psychoactive drugs has been firstly performed on a coated cellulose-based chiral stationary phase (Chiralcel OJ-H). To obtain optimum separation conditions, the influences of alcohol modifiers and basic/acidic additives have been studied. As a result, except for the partial separation of oxybutynin enantiomers, the other seven drug enantiomers, including mirtazapine, sulpiride, promethazine, citalopram, oxazepam, donepezil, and cyamemazine, have been completely separated. Additionally, for gaining a better insight into the chiral recognition mechanisms, molecular docking was carried out using the Autodock software. Herein, binding energy and conformations of the chiral stationary phase complexes were provided, and it was found that the distinction in enantiomeric conformation determined the number and strength of intermolecular interactions between analytes and chiral stationary phase which resulted in the difference in binding energies of two enantiomers, and ultimately led to the different migration. These modeling results were in accordance with the observed enantioseparation results in high performance liquid chromatography experiments. At last, chiral separation mechanisms have been discussed in detail, and it has been confirmed that hydrogen bond, π–π, hydrophobic interactions, and some special interactions synergistically contributed to the enantioseparation of psychoactive drugs.     

Evaluation of triproline and tri-α-methylproline chiral stationary phases: Retention and enantioseparation associated with hydrogen bonding

In this study, to demonstrate preparation strategy and improve understanding of chiral recognition mechanisms, triproline chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were evaluated with a series of analytes classified as having none, one, two or three H-bond donors. The average retention factors and mobile phase strength generally followed none < one < two < three hydrogen bond donors. The average solvent volume ratio (H_r stands for average hexane volume ratio in the mobile phase, Hp_r for heptane, ACN_r for acetonitrile, or H₂O_r for water) normalized chromatographic parameters calculated for di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and decaproline CSPs facilitated the characterization of properties associated to the H-bond donor categorization. The H_r of triproline CSP were 1.0, 0.96 and 0.88 for analyte of none, one and two hydrogen bond donors with hexane/2-propanol mobile phase, respectively. The number of hydrogen bond donors in an analyte was found to be a primary factor in influencing the retention and enantioseparation in the normal-phase and polar organic modes. Two H-bond acceptor solvents methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl acetate increased chiral separation on oligoproline CSPs for some compounds. The role of carbon-donor hydrogen bonding at the H atom of proline asymmetric center was implied through testing a tri-α-methylproline stationary phase. On oligoproline CSPs, three factors including adjacent hydrogen bond acceptor and carbon-donor, and a rigid proline residue chain were recognized as important for contributing to the broad enantioselectivity. The α hydrogen atom on chiral center of stationary phase was found to play a crucial role in enantiomeric discrimination.     

Nonlinear effects in enantioselective chromatography: prediction of unusual elution profiles of enantiomers in non-racemic mixtures on an achiral stationary phase doped with small amounts of a chiral selector

Nonlinear effects caused by molecular association of enantiomers in non-racemic mixtures can cause unexpected effects in chiroptics, NMR spectroscopy, homogeneous catalysis, and chromatography. Herein we present a theoretical model to simulate and verify unusual elution orders of enantiomers on an achiral stationary phase doped with a small amount of a chiral selector or achiral columns coupled with columns doped with a chiral selector. Scenarios with strong, medium, and weak associations of enantiomers, different separation efficiencies typical for flash chromatography and liquid chromatography, and the influence of the enantioselectivity of the chiral selector on the complex equilibria have been investigated. The findings presented here are of importance for the validation of the determination of enantiomeric ratios in not fully separated elution zones as well as for the preparative separation of non-racemic enantiomeric mixtures on chiral stationary phases bonded to achiral matrices.     

β-环糊精键合手性固定相分离苯并恶嗪类对映体

研究了在反相高效液相色谱模式下,基于点击化学的β-环糊精手性固定相对苯并恶嗪类对映体的手性分离情况。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的类型和比例、缓冲盐的浓度和pH值对分离的影响。考察结果表明: 乙腈作为有机改性剂比甲醇更有利于苯并恶嗪对映体的分离;乙酸三乙胺缓冲盐体积分数从0.1%增大到1.0%时,苯并恶嗪对映体的保留时间和分离度都随之减小,在pH 4.1时苯并恶嗪对映体具有最大分离度。因此确定乙腈和体积分数为0.1%的乙酸三乙胺缓冲盐流动相(pH 4.1)为最佳分离条件。分离机理研究结果表明,固定相和样品之间的包容络合相互作用以及样品和固定相之间的氢键作用,是样品得以分离的基础。本研究为进一步深入研究β-环糊精固定相提供了实验基础,同时也证明了点击化学在手性环糊精固定相制备中具有极大潜力。     

High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of beta-amino acid stereoisomers on a (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid-based chiral stationary phase

Direct reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of 14 unnatural beta-amino acids, including several beta-3-homo-amino acids on a chiral stationary phase containing (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid bonded to 3-aminopropyl silica gel as chiral selector. The effects of the organic and the acidic modifiers and the mobile phase composition on the separation were investigated. The natures and positions of the substituents on the aromatic ring substantially influenced the retention and enantioseparation. The elution sequence in most cases was determined and the R enantiomers were eluteted before the S enantiomers.