开链氮杂冠醚化稻草纤维素球的制备及其吸附性能

以开链氮杂冠醚改性环氧基稻草纤维素球,成功地制备了开链氮杂冠醚化稻草纤维素球(3).测试结果表明,3对Cu2+, Pb2+和Ag+的静态饱和吸附量分别为5.48 mg·g-1, 6.02 mg·g-1和4.44 mg·g-1.建立了富集-火焰原子吸收分光光度法:用3-分离柱富集水中的重金属离子(如Cu2+, Pb2+和Ag+),富集液经火焰原子吸收分光光度计检测,即可计算出水中痕量重金属离子的浓度.     

球形纤维素磁性阴离子交换树脂的化学转化制备及特性研究

自制了大孔球形纤维素基阴离子交换树脂(PSC-AN),并利用化学转化法成功制备了大孔球形纤维素基磁性阴离子交换树脂(PSC-MAN)。对影响树脂质量磁化率的几个主要因素进行了探讨,实验确定最佳制备条件为:铁盐的配比为1∶10,EDTA的浓度为0.005 mol/L。对树脂的结构和性能进行了研究,表明化学转化法制备大孔球形纤维素基阴离子交换树脂(PSC-MAN)磁性强,在碱液中相当稳定,树脂磁化前后交换容量分别为Q前=1.33 meq/g、Q后=1.16 meq/g,即树脂基的交换容量基本不受磁化过程的影响。     

改性皮革胶原纤维对水体中Cd2+、Cr3+、Pb2+、Ni2+、Co2+等痕量重金属离子的富集与测定

利用改性皮革胶原纤维作为水体中重金属离子的富集材料，研究了该材料对水体中Cd^2＋、Cr^3＋、Pb^2＋、Ni^2＋、Co^2＋等重金属离子的分离富集能力。实验表明，在pH4～7的酸性和中性的条件下，该材料对重金属离子的富集量最大。其中，Cr^3＋在pH4～5时富集率达到100％；Co^2＋、Ni^2＋在pH6～7时富集率达到100％左右；Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋在pH8～9时富集率达到100％左右；在混和溶液中和存在络合配位体时，可以通过控制待测液的酸度对水体中的重金属离子进行选择性吸附。通过样品的分析，可以利用改性皮革胶原纤维作为测定水体中的重金属离子的吸附剂，对水体中的重金属离子进行分析测定。     

碳纳米管/活性炭复合微球的制备及其对VB12的吸附应用

采用反相乳液法制备碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合微球(CNTs/CTS), 并对其进一步炭化、活化制得碳纳米管/活性炭复合微球(CNTs/AC). 以此复合微球为吸附材料, 探索了其对中分子代表物质VB12的吸附. 研究结果表明, 碳纳米管含量70%(w)的复合微球经水蒸气适当活化后球形度好、吸附性能优异, 其对VB12的吸附量达23.59 mg·g-1, 分别是活性炭和大孔吸附树脂的5.4和2.7倍. 分析表明这是由于碳纳米管/活性炭复合微球具有发达的中孔结构.     

Yolk-shell结构磺化聚苯乙烯@介孔二氧化硅微球制备及其离子交换性能

采用乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯微球,并经硅酸四乙酯水解、双三甲氧基硅氧乙烷交联、三甲氧基苯基硅烷修饰以及溶剂刻蚀后制得一种苯基官能化且具有Yolk-shell结构的聚苯乙烯@介孔二氧化硅的微球(Ph-Pst@SiO_2);进一步采用氯磺酸对微球进行磺酸化改性,最终获得交换性能优良且具有Yolk-shell结构的微球,考察了其离氧基苯基硅烷用量、反应时间等因素对微球形貌的影响;利用红外光谱仪、元素分析仪对微球组成成分进行分析;利用酸碱滴定法测定了微球的离子交换容量。实验结果表明,未经三甲氧基苯基硅烷修饰的磺化聚苯乙烯@介孔二氧化硅微球S-Pst@SiO_2的比表面积为435.06m~2/g,离子交换容量为2.4mmol/g。与之相比,磺化的苯基官能化聚苯乙烯@介孔二氧化硅微球(S-Ph-Pst@SiO_2)的比表面积和离子交换容量分别提高了47%和54%,具体为640.41m~2/g和3.5mmol/g。说明本研究采用苯基硅烷修饰介孔二氧化硅提升Pst@SiO_2微球离子交换性能的方法简单有效。     

大孔球形纤维素离子交换剂的制备及其对蛋白质的吸附富集性…

以精制棉为原料，经过漂白→碱化→老化→黄原酸酯化制得粘胶液，按一定比例加以ＣａＣＯ３粉末，混合均匀后分散在氯苯中９０℃下加热固化３ｈ，在ＨＣｌ－ＮａＣｌ－ＣａＣｌ２混合溶液中除去ＣａＣＯ３后，制得大孔球形纤维素。研究制球的各种影响因素。     

大孔球形纤维素离子交换剂的制备及其对蛋白质的吸附富集性能研究Ⅰ．大孔球形纤维素的制备研究

以精制棉为原料，经过漂白→碱化→老化→黄原酸酯化制得粘胶液，按一定比例加入ＣａＣＯ３粉末，混合均匀后分散在氯苯中９０℃下加热固化３ｈ，在ＨＣｌ－ＮａＣｌ－ＣａＣｌ２混合溶液中除去ＣａＣＯ３后，制得大孔球形纤维素。研究了制球的各种影响因素。     

添加聚乙二醇对酚醛树脂基球形活性炭结构和性能的影响

在以线型树脂为原料制备球形活性炭的过程中存在炭难以活化以及所制备活性炭比表积小的问题,本工作对针对此问题,提出了在线型酚醛树脂中添加聚乙二醇作为造孔剂的新方法来制备球形活性炭。结果表明：在线型酚醛树脂中添加17．6％的聚乙二醇中所制备的球形炭具有良好的活性特性;深度活化的球形活性炭球表炭球形完整,结构均匀,与未添加造孔剂的试样相比,该球形活性炭具有比表面积大,中孔率较大以及对肌酐的平衡吸附量大的特点。     

模板法制备大孔硅胶微球及其在高效液相色谱蛋白质分离中的应用

以弱阳离子交换聚合物微球(WCX)为模板、N-三甲氧基硅基丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(TMSPTMA)为结构导向剂、四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为硅胶前驱体,在三乙醇胺弱碱催化作用下,水解缩合形成有机聚合物与二氧化硅复合微球,将此复合微球煅烧后得到大孔二氧化硅微球。探索了不同反应条件对二氧化硅微球的形貌、表面结构和分散性的影响;当TMSPTMA、TEOS与三乙醇胺的体积比为1∶2∶2时可以得到孔径在50~150 nm之间、粒径在2μm左右的硅胶微球。对所制备的大孔硅胶微球表面进行C18(十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷)键合修饰,然后将键合的填料装填到50 mm×4.6 mm的色谱柱中,考察了其对常见的几种标准蛋白质和市售大豆分离蛋白质的分离效果,结果显示这种填料在高效液相色谱蛋白质分离中具有一定的潜力。     

几种手性醇在纤维素键合的SBA-15基手性固定相上的直接拆分

在强酸性条件下, 以三嵌段聚醚P123为模板, 合成了孔径大且粒径均匀的SBA-15介孔二氧化硅微球. 将含有少量三乙氧硅丙基氨基甲酸酯残基的纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)通过分子间缩聚作用固载到氨丙基化的SBA-15微球上, 制得手性固定相; 采用常规和非常规的流动相模式, 对一些芳香醇的消旋体进行了手性拆分. 实验结果表明, 所制备的SBA-15微球不仅分散性良好, 具有规则的二维六方孔道结构, 而且消除了微孔; 所制备的键合手性固定相不仅固载手性选择剂的量大, 而且经六甲基二硅胺烷封端后可有效改善拖尾现象, 对实验选用的手性醇具有较高的拆分能力; 与大孔硅胶为基质的同类纤维素键合手性固定相相比, 该固定相对同种手性消旋体的分离因子明显提高.     

Magnetic cellulose-chitosan hydrogels prepared from ionic liquids as reusable adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions

Magnetic hybrid hydrogels with a novel polymeric coating consisting of chitosan and cellulose were prepared. By coating cellulose and chitosan, we combined the renewability and biocompatibility of cellulose and chitosan as well as the magnetic properties of Fe(3)O(4) to create a hybrid system to adsorb heavy metals.     

Removal of Heavy Metals in Effluent by Adsorption and Coagulation

The silicate colloids with an average diameter 100 nm, were prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TES), NH4OH (30%) and then modified by (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APS). The colloids can adsorb heavy metals such as Pb and Cr in effluent and after adsorption the colloids can be separated by coagulation of aluminum sulfate. The removal of heavy metals is up to 99%.     

多胺型稻草纤维素球的制备及其对水体中Zn2+的吸附性能

多胺型稻草纤维素球的制备及其对水体中Zn2+的吸附性能;农副产品;稻草;多胺型稻草纤维素球;锌     

THE INFLUENCE OF STARCH ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE HYDROGELS

A study has been made of the influence of physical factors such as temperature, agitation time and shear rate upon the rheological behaviour of hydrogels composed of 2·5% microcrystalline cellulose -sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Avicel RC 591(r), American Viscose Div., FMC Corp.) and different percentages of corn starch (0-3% by weight, w/w).     

Bioinspired crystallization of CaCO3 coatings on electrospun cellulose acetate fiber scaffolds and corresponding CaCO3 microtube networks

This article describes the mineralization behavior of CaCO(3) crystals on electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers by using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a crystal growth modifier and further templating synthesis of CaCO(3) microtubes. Calcite film coatings composed of nanoneedles can form on the surfaces of CA fibers while maintaining the fibrous and macroporous structures if the concentration of PAA is in a suitable range. In the presence of a suitable concentration of PAA, the acidic PAA molecules will first adsorb onto the surface of CA fibers by the interaction between the OH moieties of CA and the carboxylic groups of PAA, and then the redundant carboxylic groups of PAA can ionically bind Ca(2+) ions on the surfaces of CA fibers, resulting in the local supersaturation of Ca(2+) ions on and near the fiber surface, which can induce the nucleation of CaCO(3) on the CA fibers instead of in bulk solution. Calcite microtube networks on the macroscale can be prepared by the removal of CA fibers after the CA@CaCO(3) composite is treated with acetone. When the CA fiber scaffold is immersed in CaCl(2) solution with an extended incubation time, the first deposited calcite coatings can act as secondary substrate, leading to the formation of smaller calcite mesocrystal fibers. The present work proves that inorganic crystal growth can occur even at an organic interface without the need for commensurability between the lattices of the organic and inorganic counterparts.     

重金属铬离子胶体金免疫层析快速检测法的建立

建立了水样中铬离子(Cr3+)检测的免疫试纸条检测方法。将自制的抗Cr3+-EDTA单克隆抗体标记于金颗粒后,包被于玻璃纤维上,将Cr3+-EDTA-BSA抗原和羊抗鼠IgG二抗分别结合于硝酸纤维膜上作为检测线(T线)和质控线(C线),组装试纸条。该试纸条可检测经亚硫酸氢钠还原为Cr3+的Cr6+,检出限为50μg/L;与10种重金属进行交叉实验验证,除与1 000μg/L的Fe3+有微弱交叉外,与其他重金属均无交叉反应;比较试纸条与仪器法ICP检测加标水样,两种方法的结果呈正相关。该试纸条可在3～5 min内肉眼观察结果,适用于现场检测,满足水样或土壤中重金属铬残留的监测要求。     

Cellulose fibrous sorbents with conformationally flexible aminocarboxylic groups for preconcentration of metals

New cellulose fibrous sorbents, containing a diethylenetriamine tetraacetate groups, are proposed for the preconcentration of heavy metals. Quantitative extraction of heavy metals from river and sea water is achieved in a wide pH range (3–8) at a high solution flow rate (up to 100–150 volumes of sorbent per minute). Quantitative desorption of metals is achieved with a very small volume of the acid.     

原位固相接枝改性碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的制备

用马来酸酐（MAH）在碳酸钙（CaCO3）表面引入双键,通过原位固相接枝法将聚丙烯蜡（PPW）化学键合在CaCO3表面,制得3种接枝率的CaCO3-MAH-PPW。 将这3种改性CaCO3填充聚丙烯（PP）制备复合材料,研究了PP/CaCO3界面作用对复合材料强度的影响。 结果表明,CaCO3表面经PPW接枝改性后在PP中的分散性提高,与PP相容性变好;随着改性CaCO3表面PPW接枝率的提高,CaCO3与PP之间界面作用逐渐增强。 当PPW接枝率为4.48 mg PPW/g CaCO3时,CaCO3与PP之间的界面作用最强,复合材料拉伸强度下降最小,杨氏模量提升最大,当m(PP)∶m(CaCO3)=100∶50时,杨氏模量达0.86 GPa,是纯PP的1.63倍;而PPW化学接枝率为2.49 mg PPW/g CaCO3时,CaCO3与PP之间的界面作用适中,复合材料缺口冲击强度提升最大,且当m(PP)∶m(CaCO3)=100∶10时,缺口冲击强度达3.91 kJ/m2,是纯PP的1.35倍。     

Protein-assisted synthesis of double-shelled CaCO3 microcapsules and their mineralization with heavy metal ions

Calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) is one of the most abundant and important biominerals in nature. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity, CaCO(3) has been investigated extensively in recent years for various fundamental properties and technological applications. Inspired by basic wall structures of cells, we report a protein-assisted approach to synthesize CaCO(3) into a double-shelled structural configuration. Due to varying reactivities of outer and inner shells, the CaCO(3) microcapsules exhibit different sorption capacities and various resultant structures toward different kinds of heavy metal ions, analogical to biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) processes. Surprisingly, three mineralization modes resembling those found in BCM were found with these bacterium-like "CaCO(3) cells". Our investigation of the cytotoxicity (MTT assay protocol) also indicates that the CaCO(3) microcapsules have almost no cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, and they might be useful for future application of detoxifying heavy metal ions after further study.     

大庆油田三元复合驱结垢样品中碳酸钙的结晶特性及形貌特征

采用EDAX, XRD和SEM等方法对大庆油田三元复合驱结垢样品中碳酸钙的结晶特性及形貌特征进行了研究. 结果表明, 结垢样品中的碳酸钙呈现出球形、棒状和花状等形貌特征和层状生长的结晶特征. 部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)降低了重烷基苯磺酸盐(HABS)表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc), 促进了其胶束化作用; HABS使溶液中HPAM链的刚性增强, 负电吸引能力增强; 二者均会形成模板, 导致结垢样品中的碳酸钙具有不同的形貌特征. 聚丙烯酰胺和表面活性剂的存在未改变结垢样品中碳酸钙的层状生长特征.