细胞代谢组学用于木犀草素抑制MCF-7细胞的机制研究

基于气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术将代谢组学的方法结合细胞周期的实验,研究木犀草素作用于MCF-7细胞的作用机理。细胞活性实验验证,木犀草素对MCF-7细胞有抑制作用,GC-TOF/MS对加药细胞和未加药细胞代谢物进行指纹图谱分析,并进一步应用偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对代谢组学数据进行多维统计分析。结合木犀草素将细胞周期抑制在S期(Synthesis),推测木犀草素通过阻碍核酸代谢中的磷酸戊糖途径抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。     

3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸通过线粒体途径诱导人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的凋亡

采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)观察3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸(TBA)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖抑制作用; 通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡、细胞内活性氧(ROS)及线粒体膜电位的变化, 用比色法测定Caspase-9和Caspase-3蛋白活性, 探讨TBA 诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的分子机制. 研究结果表明, TBA对SMMC-7721细胞生长具有显著的抑制作用并诱导其凋亡, 诱导SMMC-7721细胞凋亡作用可能通过线粒体信号传导通路实现.     

多壁碳纳米管诱导A549细胞氧化应激与去极化线粒体膜电位

以人肺上皮细胞系A549为模型细胞, 探讨多壁碳纳米管的细胞毒性效应及其机制. A549细胞暴露于不同浓度(0~300 μg/mL)的多壁碳纳米管后, 用MTT比色法检测细胞活力和Hoechst 33342染色法观察细胞形态; 用活性氧(ROS)敏感探针2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)结合流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS水平; 用荧光探针JC-1结合激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞线粒体膜电位ΔΨm的变化; 用免疫荧光和蛋白印迹法检测细胞氧化应激敏感蛋白血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)的表达水平. 结果表明, 多壁碳纳米管可引起A549细胞活性降低、细胞内活性氧ROS过量产生以及谷胱甘肽GSH含量下降, 诱导细胞氧化应激效应; 抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)抑制多壁碳纳米管诱导的A549细胞内ROS的产生. 多壁碳纳米管处理A549细胞2 h后, 诱发细胞线粒体膜电位下降; 多壁碳纳米管诱导细胞氧化应激的同时伴有适应性应激蛋白HO-1的上调表达. 结果表明, 细胞氧化应激和线粒体膜电位去极化可能是多壁碳纳米管诱导A549细胞毒性效应的重要机制.     

气相色谱法测定木香中去氢木香内酯的含量

建立气相色谱法测定木香中去氢木香内酯的含量。选择HP–5毛细管色谱柱(30m×320μm,0.25μm),用FID检测器检测,进样口温度为280℃,柱温箱初始温度为150℃,保持3 min,以12℃/min升温至280℃,载气为氮气,流量为3.0 mL/min。去氢木香内酯的质量浓度在1.996～199.6μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.999 5,加标回收率为98.26%～100.87%,6次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.69%(n=6)。该方法简单,重现性好,可用于木香中去氢木香内酯含量的测定。     

基于生物条形码的粘蛋白和特定细胞电化学发光适配体生物传感方法研究

本文基于适配体识别和生物条形码放大策略,以MCF-7细胞和粘蛋白(MUC1)为目标物,MUC1的特异性适配体(rcDNA)为分子识别物质,Ru(phen)₃²⁺为信号物质,rcDNA通过巯基自组装于金电极表面作为传感界面,发卡DNA(hpDNA)和rcDNA通过巯基自组装在金纳米粒子(AuNP)表面合成的hpDNA/AuNP/rcDNA为生物条形码探针,建立了测定MUC1和特定细胞的电化学发光适配体生物传感新方法.当目标物被传感界面上的rcDNA俘获后,进而与生物条形码探针形成夹心复合物,Ru(phen)32+嵌入hpDNA中.在共反应剂的存在和+0.95 V恒电位下测量电化学发光强度.电化学发光强度的变化值与MUC1和MCF-7细胞浓度的对数在4~800 pg/mL和30~5.0×10^(4 )cells/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.5 pg/mL和9 cells/mL.将该法应用于监测两种物质刺激下MCF-7细胞表面MUC1含量的变化,发现芹黄素刺激下细胞表面MUC1含量降低,而过氧化氢刺激下细胞表面MUC1含量不变.     

10-羟基喜树碱的光谱性质、抗肿瘤活性及应用于细胞标记研究

通过紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱等方法研究了药物10-羟基喜树碱(HCPT)的光谱性质.采用溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑(MTT)法测定了HCPT对3种肿瘤细胞(HeLa,MCF-7和HT1080)的抗肿瘤活性,其IC50值分别为16.37,16.73和19.24μg/mL.测定了HCPT对正常细胞人胚肾细胞系HEK293T的生长抑制活性,最高抑制率达88.72%,表明正常细胞比3种肿瘤细胞对药物HCPT更敏感.以HeLa细胞为模型,利用Annexin V-FITC细胞凋亡检测试剂盒研究了HCPT的抗肿瘤作用机制,发现几乎所有细胞均同时被Annexin V-FITC和碘化丙啶(PI)染色,细胞膜为绿色,而细胞核为红色,表明HCPT诱导了HeLa细胞的晚期凋亡.通过荧光显微镜观察了HCPT在HeLa细胞中的分布,为其在细胞标记中的应用提供了科学依据.     

柠檬酸镧诱导HeLa细胞凋亡差异蛋白组学研究

稀土具有多种多样的生物效应,研究表明稀土具有促细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的双重作用．作用效应与稀土的种类,物种、浓度以及细胞的种类有关,表现出类似Hormesis效应的“低促高抑”现象．如陈兴安等学者曾报道稀土化合物既能促进正常细胞的生长又能抑制癌细胞．最近,一种化合物（Gd（III）-texaphyrinl已经进入三期临床实验,用于非小细胞肺癌脑转移的治疗．稀土促进细胞凋亡可能与以下机制有关：通过与肿瘤细胞DNA特异性结合,影响DNA的合成或复制、影响细胞周期促进凋亡、增加细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平,通过线粒体凋亡通路诱导细胞凋亡,调节机体免疫机能等．我们前期研究表明,柠檬酸镧对各种癌细胞生长的影响存在浓度依赖性,低浓度无明显作用特征,高浓度抑制癌细胞生长,诱导细胞凋亡;不同肿瘤细胞对稀土的响应不同,宫颈癌HeLa细胞株相对敏感．本文进一步利用差异蛋白质组学方法探讨柠檬酸镧诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的作用机制．双向凝胶电泳（2DE）与基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间串联质谱（MALDI—TOF／TOF—MS）检测结果显示有14种表达差异明显的蛋白．包括与凋亡和细胞增殖相关蛋白：核仁磷酸化蛋白（NMP）和S100钙结合蛋白（S100－A11）表达上调,线粒体prohibitin蛋白下调;应激和氧化应激相关蛋白：包括热休克蛋白（heat shock 70－kDa protein 9 precursor,HspB8）和超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）下调,而NAD依耐的亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶（MTHFD2L）上调;翻译和蛋白降解相关蛋白：包括真核翻译延伸因子2（eFF2）、核糖体蛋白（RPLPO）和钙网蛋白前体变体（calreticulin precursor variant and far upstream element（FUSE）binding protein 1,isoform CRA_b）下调,蛋白酶体proteasome beta 3 subunit上调．蛋白组学的结果提示,[La（cit）2]^3-可能通过线粒体凋亡通路以及调节细胞内氧化应激水平诱导Hela细胞凋亡．进一步用免疫印迹（western blotting）进行验证和检测相关凋亡蛋白,结果显示SOD1、eFF2和Nm23蛋白下调,凋亡相关蛋白caspase-9和PARP激活,促凋亡蛋白Bax表达上升和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达下降．另外,柠檬酸镧作用细胞后,细胞线粒体膜电位（△ψM）下降,细胞色素c（cyt-c）释放和H2O2产生增加．线粒体膜通透性改变、膜电位的变化、ROS的生成和促凋亡蛋白的释放是细胞凋亡过程的关键事件．这些结果表明柠檬酸镧通过线粒体凋亡途径诱导HeLa细胞凋亡,这一结论与既往研究相一致,为柠檬酸稀土配合物的抗癌作用机制提供了基础信息．Ca^2＋超载是引起线粒体损伤的重要因素之一,Ca^2＋也能调节电压依赖阴离子通道活性（VDAC）从而调节线粒体通透性转变孔的开放与关闭．柠檬酸镧能解离出镧离子（La^3＋）,La^3＋具有类钙的性质,这可能是镧作用于线粒体引起凋亡的原因之一．当然,有研究表明这种作用具有两面性,低剂量能促进线粒体PTP孔的开放,高浓度表现为拮抗作用或没有影响．另外,VDAC位于线粒体外膜,对线粒体及细胞功能调节非常重要．本研究结果显示,与对照相比,VADC1的表达没有变化,而VADC2没有检测到,说明VADC的表达在柠檬酸镧诱导的细胞凋亡中可能不是一个关键因素．     

微流控芯片毛细管电泳法检测细胞内活性氧与细胞凋亡关系

建立了微流控芯片毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光同时测定细胞内活性氧和凋亡信号的方法。先用AlexaFluor488 annexin V细胞凋亡试剂盒标记细胞凋亡的外翻磷脂酰丝氨酸,再用双氢罗丹明123(DHR123)标记细胞内活性氧,用PBS将细胞调整为终密度1.2×106cells/mL的细胞悬液。细胞群经反复冻融法破碎后,以20 mmol/L硼砂(pH 9.2)作电泳缓冲溶液,分离电压1.2 kV,进样时间60 s,1 min内可完成活性氧和细胞凋亡信号的同时测定。方法简单、快速,细胞内活性氧和DHR123的反应产物(Rh123)在0.5～3μmol/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.998,检出限(S/N=3)为0.058μmol/L,可用于细胞内活性氧的定量分析。测得HepG2肝癌细胞活性氧含量为0.16μmol/L,被阿霉素诱导凋亡后,细胞内活性氧含量升高至1.77μmol/L。     

细胞代谢组学用于羽扇豆醇干预人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的机理探究

应用基于气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）的代谢组学方法结合细胞周期实验,研究羽扇豆醇体外抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的作用机理。代谢组学的研究结果表明：通过正交偏最小方差判别分析（OPLS-DA）可以很好地区分羽扇豆醇作用的MCF-7细胞代谢谱与对照组细胞代谢谱,模型参数为：R²Ycum=0.988,Q²Ycum=0.964。VIP（variable importance in the projection）值大于1的差异代谢物进一步用t检验进行单位分析,选择t<0.05（VIP>1）的代谢物作为羽扇豆醇作用组的生物标志物,得到琥珀酸、磷酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸等11种代谢差异物。结合羽扇豆醇将细胞周期抑制在G1期这一现象,推测羽扇豆醇可能是主要抑制了三羧酸循环中的琥珀酰辅酶A的生成和底物磷酸化生成ATP的反应来抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。本实验从代谢组学角度为乳腺癌抗肿瘤机制提供新的线索。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联质谱研究四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基醚)诱导大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞呼吸链氧化磷酸化和能量代谢紊乱

四溴双酚A衍生物的毒理学研究亟须开展。已有研究发现四溴双酚A双(2-羟乙基醚)(tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether),TBBPA-BHEE)可诱导大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC12)活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的生成。然而TBBPA-BHEE对PC12细胞线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化过程的干扰机制尚不明确,TBBPA-BHEE是否通过破坏线粒体功能干扰细胞能量代谢亟待进一步探讨。建立了基于HPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析PC12细胞内ATP、ADP、AMP及cAMP(cyclic AMP)浓度的方法,在此基础上评价了TBBPA-BHEE暴露对PC12线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化过程及能量代谢的影响。研究发现,TBBPA-BHEE可加速PC12线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化过程;TBBPA-BHEE诱导的PC12线粒体功能紊乱可引起细胞能量代谢紊乱。一方面揭示了TBBPA-BHEE对PC12潜在的毒性作用机制,另一方面也证实HPLC-ESI-MS/MS是研究细胞线粒体呼吸链氧化磷酸化及能量代谢过程的有力工具。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.