酰胺荚醚类萃取剂结构对Gd(Ⅲ)萃取性能的影响

本文合成了4种新型不对称酰胺荚醚萃取剂:N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二苯基-3-氧戊二酰胺(DMDPhDGA)、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二己基-3-氧戊二酰胺(DMDHDGA)、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(DMDODGA)、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二癸基-3-氧戊二酰胺(DMDDDGA)。以氯仿为稀释剂,研究了N,N,N′,N′-四丁基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TBDGA)及上述4种萃取剂从硝酸体系中萃取Gd(Ⅲ)的反应机理,得出萃取能力顺序为:DMDHDGA>DMDDDGA>DMDODGA>DMDPhDGA>TBDGA。考察了水相酸度和萃取剂浓度对萃取分配比的影响,得出萃合物中有3个萃取剂分子同时参与配位;并结合红外光谱解释了萃取剂结构与萃取性能的关系。     

酰胺类萃取剂萃取分离铕的研究进展

酰胺类萃取剂容易合成,热稳定性好,能完全燃烧,对环境友好等一系列优点,已广泛的用来从核燃料的后循环中萃取分离镧系元素和锕系元素。论述了使用不同类型的酰胺类萃取剂萃取及其分离铕的研究,重点讨论了丙二酰胺类和丁二酰胺萃取剂、酰胺莢醚类萃取剂、吡啶二甲酰胺类萃取剂、乙酰胺基胺类萃取剂萃取分离铕的最新研究成果,同时对这几类催化剂萃取铕的萃取效果进行了比较和讨论。     

水溶性氧杂酰胺类化合物的合成及表征

以二甘醇为原料, 经氧化得到的二甘酸, 通过氯代或缩合反应得到中间体酰氯和酸酐, 二烷基胺在吡啶催化下与酰氯或酸酐发生胺解反应, 合成出系列水溶性氧杂单酰胺及氧杂双酰胺, 包括N,N-二烷基-3-氧杂-戊酰胺酸系列和N,N,N'N'-四烷基-3-氧杂-戊二酰胺系列(烷基包括甲基、乙基和丙基). 用IR和¹H NMR对合成的目标产物进行了表征.     

N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二辛基-4-氧庚二酰胺萃取镧的研究

为了研究不同的酰胺夹醚化合物对萃取镧的性能，本文使用N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二辛基-4-氧庚二酰胺(DMDOOHA)为萃取剂，以1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体([C₄mim⁺][PF₆^-])为稀释剂，研究其在水相中萃取La³⁺的行为，考察了萃取时间，pH,萃取剂的的浓度、及温度对萃取分配比的影响。实验表明，萃取剂在离子液体[C₄mim⁺][PF₆^-]中对La³⁺的具有强烈的萃取能力。机理研究表明，在([C₄mim⁺][PF₆^-]体系中，萃取剂与La³⁺可能形成3∶1配合物。萃取过程为热力学自发的过程。     

N，N′-二甲基-N，N′-二辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺从盐酸介质中萃取三价镧系金属的研究

以煤油/辛醇(7:3,V/V)为稀释剂,研究N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(DMDODGA)从盐酸介质中萃取三价镧系金属的性能及反应机理;考察了水相盐酸浓度、萃取剂浓度及温度对其萃取性能的影响。结果表明分配比在所研究酸度范围内随盐酸浓度的增加先增大后减小;随萃取剂浓度的增加而增大;萃合物的组成为MCl3.2DMDODGA(M=Sm,Gd,Dy)或MCl3.DMDODGA(M=Er,Lu)。萃取过程为放热反应,升高温度不利于萃取。同时计算出了萃取反应的平衡常数及热力学函数。萃合物的红外光谱表明羰基氧、醚氧均与镧系离子配位。     

N,N,N'',N''-四丁基丁二酰胺萃取Tb(Ⅲ)的研究

国内外在四取代双酰胺类萃取剂萃取铀(IV)、钍(IV)的性能研究方面已经做了大量工作[1-3],但对核废料中共存稀土元素的萃取研究较少[4].本文合成了N,N,N',N'-四丁基丁二酰胺(TBSA),详细研究了其萃取Tb(Ⅲ)的性能.     

β-亚磺酰基-N,N-二正丁基丙酰胺的合成研究

利用过氧化氢氧化β-硫烷基-N,N-二正丁基丙酰胺合成了6个未见文献报道的β-亚磺酰基-N,N-二正丁基丙酰胺,并对产物进行了红外、氢核磁、质谱和元素分析等表征.最后用β-亚磺酰基-N,N-二正丁基丙酰胺进行了硝酸介质中萃取稀土离子的研究.     

锕系元素分离研究:不对称双酰胺荚醚的萃取化学及应用

PUREX乏燃料后处理流程排放出的高放废液,集中了乏燃料中95%以上的放射性,其中半衰期长、毒性大的次锕系核素是需要在地质处置库中将高放废液与生物圈隔离10万年以上的因素之一。为了更安全可靠地解决高放废液问题,国际上提出了"分离-嬗变"技术,即利用化学方法,将次锕系元素和长寿命裂变产物元素从高放废液中分离出来,根据分离出来元素的性质,对其加以利用或使其嬗变。分离-嬗变技术中的关键是对高放废液中不同类别元素的有效分离。双酰胺荚醚类萃取剂对高放废液中三价锕系、镧系元素展现出了优异的萃取性能,尤其是不对称双酰胺荚醚,在保持相应的对称性双酰胺荚醚良好的萃取性能的同时,在缓解或避免萃取过程中第三相形成方面也有较大优势。本文就不对称酰胺荚醚的历史沿革、合成方法、萃取性能、配位机理、流程工艺以及三相形成等几个方面进行了综述,就多种不对称双酰胺荚醚萃取剂对锕系、镧系及其他主要裂片元素的萃取分配比、分离系数、三相形成临界参数等进行了比较,对该类萃取剂后续的结构设计、配位机理研究及流程应用等方向提供了参考性建议。     

双二苷酰胺从硝酸溶液中萃取Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)

采用混合酸酐法合成了两种双二苷酰胺(bisdiglycolamide,BisDGA)萃取剂:N,N,N'',N''-四正辛基-N',N″-乙二基-双二苷酰胺(TOE-BisDGA)和N,N,N'',N''-四正辛基-N',N″-间苯二甲基-双二苷酰胺(TOXBisDGA).以磺化煤油和正辛醇混合溶液(体积比90∶10)作稀释剂,研究了它们在硝酸溶液中对Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ),以及自身对HNO3的萃取行为.结果表明,2种BisDGAs对HNO3均有一定萃取,当酸度不超过1.0 mol/L时,二者形成1∶1型的萃合物.随HNO3浓度增加,Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)的萃取分配比增加.相同条件下,TOE-BisDGA对Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)的萃取能力强于TOX-BisDGA.斜率分析表明TOE-BisDGA和TOXBisDGA与Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)均形成2∶1型的萃合物.温度升高,萃取分配比下降,萃取反应是放热反应.2种BisDGAs对Eu(Ⅲ)的亲和力强于对Am(Ⅲ)的亲合力,表明BisDGAs对Eu(Ⅲ)有一定的选择性.同时,研究了BisDGAs萃取Eu(Ⅲ)和Am(Ⅲ)的机理,给出了表观萃取平衡常数和萃取反应热力学函数ΔH,ΔS和ΔG的值.此外,还对TOE-BisDGA和TOX-BisDGA与Eu(Ⅲ)形成的配合物进行了红外和紫外光谱分析.     

N,N,N＇,N’-四丁基丁二酰胺萃取Tb（Ⅲ）的研究

国内外在四取代双酰胺类萃取剂萃取铀（Ⅳ）、钍（Ⅳ）的性能研究方面已经做了大量工作，但对核废料中共存稀土元素的萃取研究较少。本文合成了N，N，N’，N’-四丁基丁二酰胺（TBSA），详细研究了其萃取Tb（Ⅲ）的性能。     

酰胺荚醚对镧系和锕系元素萃取性能的研究

以酰胺莱醚为萃取剂，正辛醇和煤油的混合的作然释剂，研究了水相硝酸浓度和不同结构酰胺莱醚对镧系和锕系元素萃取分配比的影响，并对它们的萃取性能进行了比较，结果表明，适当的酰胺莱醚可以有效地从硝酸溶液中萃取镧系和锕系元素。     

Strategic Utilization of Multifunctional Carbene for Direct Synthesis of Carboxylic–Phosphinic Mixed Anhydride from CO2

Direct synthesis of carboxylic–phosphinic mixed anhydrides has been achieved by treating carbon dioxide with N‐phosphine oxide‐substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) that contain both nucleophilic carbene and electrophilic phosphorus moieties. This novel mixed anhydride was efficiently derivatized into an ester, an amide, and an unsymmetrical ketone via transformation into its corresponding imidazolium salt followed by a dual substitution reaction. The presented work used well‐designed multifunctional carbene reagents to establish a novel utility for carbon dioxide in organic synthesis.     

Synthesis, characterization and coordination properties of bis(alkyl)selenosalen ligands

New bis (alkyl) selenosalen podand ligands having Se2N2 donor sites have been synthesized by the condensation of unsymmetrical o-formylphenyl alkyl selenide (1-3) with ethylenediamine. The reaction of bis(alkyl)selenosalen podands with Pd(II) and Pt(II) afforded selenoether-selenolate coordination complexes 7-10via cleavage of one of the two Se-C(alkyl) bonds of bis(alkyl)selenosalen podands upon complexation. DFT calculations revealed that the cleavage of Se-C(alkyl) bonds occurred possibly via S(N)2 mechanism instead of a sequence of oxidative addition and reductive elimination reactions. The spectral data and elemental analyses confirmed the formation of selenoether-selenolate complexes. The structures of the podands N,N'-bis[(2-methylseleno)phenylmethylene]-1,2-ethanediamine (4), N,N'-bis[(2-decylseleno)phenylmethylene]-1,2-ethanediamine (5) and the selenoether-selenolate complex 8 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure of 5 showed SeH interaction with a ladder like 3D supramolecular arrangement via interdigitation of long alkyl chains. Comparison of crystal packing of podands 4 and 5 indicates that the alkyl chain length has significant impact on the crystal packing. The platinum selenolate complex 8 shows a square planar arrangement around the Pt centre, where the Se atoms in the selenolate and the selenoether have nearly equal Pt-Se bond length.     

Studies on Quinones. Part. 33.1 Synthetic Approach to Podands Containing Quinone Fragments

The preparation and oxidative demethylation attempts of podands 3--5, and 9 containing the 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl substituent are described. The reaction of alizarine 13 with chloroethanol afforded compounds 14 and 15. The pathway formation of heterocycle 15 from 14 is proposed. The synthesis of podand 16 containing the cytotoxic 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone fragment as the terminal groups is reported.     

Quinoxaline-benzimidazole rearrangement in the synthesis of benzimidazole-based podands

Alkylation of 3-benzoylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one with 1,5-dibromo-3-oxapentane, 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dioxaoctane, and α,ω-dihaloalkanes with different lengths of the polymethylene chain gave the corresponding quinoxaline podands. In the reaction with 1,2-dibromoethane, the N,O-rather than N,N′-alkylation product was obtained. The reaction of the obtained quinoxaline-based podands with benzene-1,2-diamine followed the quinoxaline-benzimidazole rearrangement pattern with formation of 2-(3-phenylquinoxalin-2-yl)benzimidazole-based podands.     

Self-assembly of molecular nanoball: design, synthesis, and characterization

The design and self-assembly of two new flexible supramolecular nanoballs are described. These assemblies incorporate two flexible tritopic amide and ester building blocks and were prepared in excellent yields (96-97%) via coordination driven self-assembly. The first resulted from the reaction of 4 equiv of a new tritopic ester ligand N,N',N' '-tris(4-pyridylmethyl) trimesic ester and 3 equiv of C4 symmetric Pd(NO3)2. The second analogous structure was obtained by the self-assembly of a flexible N,N',N' '-tris(3-pyridylmethyl) trimesic amide and Pd(NO3)2. The assemblies were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and TGA. Mass spectrometry along with NMR data and TEM view confirms the existence of the two assemblies. MM2 force field simulations of the cages showed a ball shape with the diameter of the inner cavity of about 2.1 and 1.8 nm for 2a and 2b, respectively, which were also corroborated by TEM analysis.     

Separation of actinides from Low Level Liquid Wastes (LLLW) by extraction chromatography using novel DMDOHEMA and TODGA impregnated resins

The uptake of several actinides [U(VI), Th(IV), Am(III), Cm(III)] and fission products was investigated from nitric acid solutions by two novel extraction chromatographic sorbents containing 2-(2-hexyloxy-ethyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dioctyl-malonamide (DMDOHEMA) and N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide (TODGA), respectively. The kinetics of the uptake of actinides was studied. The sorption of metal ions fromz simulated Low Level Liquid Waste (LLLW) solutions was evaluated. The results of these experiments revealed that the actinides and lanthanides could be separated from the bulk of other fission products in simulated LLLW solutions on both sorbents.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic effect of supramolecular system based on cationic surfactant and monopodands in nucleophilic substitution of phosphorus esters

The data are presented on the synthesis of podands with terminal quinoxaline fragments of rings and their influence on both the micellization properties of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in a water—DMF solution and kinetics of basic hydrolysis of O-p-nitrophenyl O-ethyl chloromethylphosphonate and O-p-nitrophenyl O-hexyl chloromethylphosphonate in the absence and presence of surfactants. The mechanism of the podand effect on the reaction rate depends on the structures of phosphonate and podand. 1,8-Bis(3-ethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxoquinoxalin-1-yl)-3,6-dioxaoctane inhibits the basic hydrolysis of the substrates to 3—4 times. In a micellar solution of the surfactant, an approximately 20-fold acceleration of the reaction rate constant is observed. The observed rate constant decreases when podand is added to a micellar solution. The catalytic effect of the polycomponent system is due to concentrating of the reactants. The micellar microenvironment can exert both positive and negative effects on the reactivity of phosphonates.     

Correlating Solution- and Solid-State Structures of Conformationally Flexible Resorcinarenes: Significance of a Sulfonyl Group in Intramolecular Self-Inclusion

The synthesis of tetramethoxyresorcinarene podands bearing p-toluene arms connected by -SO₃- ( 1 ) and -CH₂O- ( 2 ) linkers is presented herein. In the solid state, the resorcinarene podand 1 forms an intramolecular self-inclusion complex with the pendant p-toluene group of a podand arm, whereas the resorcinarene podand 2 does not show self-inclusion. The conformations of the flexible resorcinarene podands in solution were investigated by variable-temperature experiments using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques as well as by computational methods, including a conformational search and subsequent DFT optimisation of representative structures. The ¹H NMR spectra of 1 and 2 at room temperature show a single set of proton signals that are in agreement with C_4v symmetry. At low temperatures, the molecules exist as a mixture of boat conformations featuring slow exchange on the NMR timescale. Energy barriers (ΔG^≠₂₉₈) of 55.5 and 52.0 kJ mol⁻¹ were calculated for the boat-to-boat exchange of 1 and 2 , respectively. The results of the ROESY experiments performed at 193 K and computational modelling suggest that in solution the resorcinarene podand 1 adopts a similar conformation to that present in its crystal structure, whereas podand 2 populates a more versatile range of conformations in solution.     

The extraction of trivalent actinides and lanthanides by a novel unsymmetrical diglycolamide

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - N,N′-dioctyl-N,N′-di-dodecyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide ((DdO)2DGA) is a novel unsymmetrical diglycolamide. Herein, we analyzed the...