三维有序大孔复合材料H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2制备与多模式光催化

采用聚苯乙烯(PS)微球做模板,以甲醇真空法制备的三维有序大孔材料(3DOM)TiO_2为载体,通过浸渍法将其与多酸H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)复合制备成3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2。通过傅立叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对所合成材料的光吸收性质、结构和晶相进行了表征,结果表明,3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2复合材料中多酸仍然保留其Dawson结构,且晶型结构以TiO_2锐钛矿结构为主。为考察所合成纳米复合材料3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2的光催化活性,选用甲基橙为模型分子,在紫外光、可见光和微波辅射等多模式作用下,对其进行了光催化活性的研究。结果显示,紫外光催化过程中纳米复合材料3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2的活性最高,且在可见光、微波作用下3DOM H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/TiO_2对染料均具有一定的降解效果。     

多酸/Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子复合膜电极的制备及其对H_2O_2电催化性能研究

选用Dawson型多酸K_6[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]·14H_2O (P_2W_(18))和Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子作为电化学活性组分,制备了P_2W_(18)/Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子复合膜电极,采用循环伏安法研究了复合膜电极的电化学行为。实验结果表明,P_2W_(18)/Pt-Ni合金纳米粒子复合膜电极具有良好的重复性和稳定性,并展现出较P_2W_(18)电极更好的对H_2O_2的电催化活性。     

杂多化合物催化性能的研究——单过渡金属配位的磷钨杂多化合物的合成、性质及其对H_2O_2分解反应的催化作用

合成了具有Keggin结构的杂多化合物K_7PW_(11)O_(39)·xH_2O(简写为PW_(11)),K_5PW_(11)ZO_(39)·xH_2O(Z=Mn~(Ⅱ),Co~(Ⅱ),简写为PW_(11)Mn,PW_(11)Co)和Dawson结构的杂多化合物H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)·xH_2O及其钾盐K_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)·xH_2O(简写为P_2W_(18)和K_(10)P_2W_(17)O_(61)·xH_20(简写为P_2W_(17)),K_8P_2W_(17)ZO_(61)·xH_2O(Z=Mn~(Ⅱ),Co_(Ⅱ),简写为P_2W_(17)Mn,P_2W_(17)Co)。用热差热重、红外光谱、X射线衍射、循环伏安等技术对这类杂多化合物的性质进行了系统的研究,并对其结构和催化活性的关系进行了探讨。     

K_7[Cu(H_2O)W_(11)AlO_(39)]/PANI/V_2O_5复合材料制备、表征及光催化

本文采用直接合成法合成了K_7[Cu(H_2O)W_(11)AlO_(39)]/PANI/V_2O_5,又采用化学氧化法制得了PANI/V_2O_5,然后通过静电自组装法制得新的复合材料K_7[Cu(H_2O)W_(11)AlO_(39)]/PANI/V_2O_5/PANI/V_2O_5。并采用XRD、氮气吸附、FT-IR、SEM、UV、XPS手段进行表征。实验结果表明:K_7[Cu(H_2O)W_(11)AlO_(39)]/PANI/V_2O_5已与PANI/V_2O_5复合,并且保持杂多酸原有Keggin结构。以K_7[Cu(H_2O)W_(11)AlO_(39)]/PANI/V_2O_5/PANI/V_2O_5为催化剂降解亚甲基蓝,考察其光催化活性。确定最佳反应条件:亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为12 mg/L、pH=2、催化剂K_7[Cu(H_2O)W_(11)AlO_(39)]/PANI/V_2O_5/PANI/V_2O_5的用量为0.02g。在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝的脱色率最高可达92.9%。     

H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2:用模板剂制备及光催化降解二甲酚橙的性能

分别采用非离子表面活性剂(C_3H_6OC_2H_4O)_x(P123),阴离子表面活性剂C_(12)H_(25)NaO_4S(SDS)和C_(18)H_(29)NaO_3S(SDBS)作为模板剂,通过溶胶-凝胶再结合程序升温溶剂热一步法制备了一系列固载杂多酸光催化材料-H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2。通过傅立叶-红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、氮气吸附-脱附测定、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及扫描电子显微镜配合X-射线能量色散谱仪(SEM-EDS)等测试手段对不同模板剂作用下合成产物进行了对比表征分析。结果表明,不同模板剂作用下的系列固载杂多酸-H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2产物中母体多酸的Dawson基本结构均未发生明显变化,但固载后比表面积显著不同,其中,经模板剂P123和SDS作用合成的H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2(P123)和H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2(SDS)的比表面积高达916和634m~2·g~(-1),且显示为有序介孔材料。以二甲酚橙为模型分子,在微波场作用下,该系列固载多酸光催化性能研究结果显示,它们的光催化活性可被微波显著增强,其中,采用P123作用合成产物的光催化活性最高,60 min内对二甲酚橙的降解率达99%以上。     

基于[P_2W_(17)O_(61)]~(10-)构筑的一维双链稀土衍生物的结构、合成及表征

饱和Dawson型[P_2W_(18)O_(62)]~(6-)(简称为[P_2W_(18)])多酸阴离子以其稳定的化学性质、良好的结晶性能成为多酸化学领域中的重要研究对象.本文以K_6[α-P_2W_(18)O_(62)]·xH_2O、Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为基本原料,通过常规水溶液加热回流法,成功地合成了一例结构单元类似2∶17型Dawson-稀土双系列结构的一维双链化合物{[Na_2[N(CH_3)_4]_8[Ce(CH_3COO)(H_2O)]_2[Ce(H_2O)_7](P_2W_(17)O_(61))]_2·23H_2O}_n(1).结构分析表明,化合物1属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=1.327 97(15)nm,b=1.376 71(15)nm,c=3.121 1(3)nm.该化合物以单缺位[P_2W_(17)O_(61)]~(10-)(简称为[P_2W_(17)])为基本构筑单元,中心原子Ce不仅与[P_2W_(17)]通过氧桥直接相连,而且通过醋酸根与另外一个Ce-[P_2W_(17)]单元相连,并最终形成新颖的一维双链结构.此外,我们还通过红外光谱、元素分析、热失重分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱分析等方法,对化合物1进行了较全面的表征.     

MCM-41负载Dawson型磷钨酸的制备及其对乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应的催化性能研究

以MCM-41为载体,H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备出负载型催化剂40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41,对催化剂进行FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDX、NH3-TPD和TG表征。XRD、SEM测试结果表明H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)均匀地负载MCM-41载体上,FT-IR、EDX测试表明负载后H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)仍保持Dawson结构不变,NH3-TPD、TG结果表明负载后催化剂出现弱酸中心,同时强酸中心酸强度和酸量均增多,催化剂热稳定性显著提高。以40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41为催化剂,催化乙酸和正丁醇合成乙酸正丁酯。考察了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度对酯化率的影响。结果表明:40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41在催化合成乙酸正丁酯反应中表现出优异的催化活性,最优条件为:n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=2.0∶1.0,w(40%H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/MCM-41)=3.7%(基于反应物质量),反应温度125℃,反应时间3.0 h。在此条件下乙酸正丁酯的收率达到了97.5%,催化剂重复使用5次时,酯化率仍可保持为72.1%。     

Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛的制备及催化合成乙酰水杨酸

以4A-分子筛为载体,Dawson结构磷钨酸钇(Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O)为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备出负载型40%Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛,并通过FT IR、EDS、SEM、NH3-TPD及N2吸附-脱附等方法对催化剂进行表征。将其用于催化水杨酸和乙酸酐反应制备乙酰水杨酸,考察了各因素对反应的影响。结果表明,负载前后磷钨酸钇均保持Dawson结构,Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O和40%Y_2P_2W_(18)O_(62)·nH_2O/4A-分子筛均呈球形,负载后催化剂的比表面积增大,酸强度和酸量均明显提高。在优化反应条件(水杨酸与乙酸酐摩尔比为1∶3,反应时间为30min,催化剂用量为反应物质量分数的2.3%)下,乙酰水杨酸收率为95.2%。催化剂重复使用6次,乙酰水杨酸收率仍保持为77.9%。     

K_8[Zn(H_2O)MnW_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/TiO_2复合材料的制备及光催化性能

采用直接合成法制备K_8[Zn(H_2O)Mn W_(11)O_(39)],以(NH_4)_2S_2O_8为氧化剂,通过化学氧化法将聚苯胺包覆在纳米Ti O_2颗粒表面制得PANI/Ti O_2,然后运用静电自组装法将K_8[Zn(H_2O)Mn W_(11)O_(39)]与PANI/Ti O_2复合成K_8[Zn(H_2O)Mn W_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/Ti O_2复合材料。运用IR、UV、XRD、XPS、SEM、N2吸附-脱附等分析方法对K_8[Zn(H_2O)Mn W_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/Ti O_2进行表征。利用K_8[Zn(H_2O)Mn W_(11)O_(39)]/PANI/Ti O_2为催化剂,研究其对孔雀石绿溶液的光催化降解性能。结果表明:紫外光照射下,孔雀石绿p H为2,浓度为20 mg/L,催化剂为10 mg时,脱色率可达93.66%。     

二空缺Dawson型钨磷酸盐K_(10)Na_2H_2P_2W_(16)O_(60)·18H_2O的合成、结构和溶液的稳定性

用刚酸化的Na_2WO_4溶液(H~+/WO_4~(2-)=1.14,摩尔比)与Na_2HPO_4混合,酸化至pH6.5～6.9,再加入KCl固体,可制得K_(10)Na_2H_2P_2W_(16)O_(60)·18H_2O晶体。经元素分析、VO~(2+)光度滴定、~(31)PNMR、~(183)W NMR和紫外光谱等研究,确定为二空缺Dawson型结构;其溶液经60℃加热后,立即分解成H_7PW_8O_(33)~(6-);将K~+换成Na~+时,主要分解产物为PW_(11)O_(39)~(7-)。     

Syntheses of 2-hydroperoxy-and 2-hydroxy-2H-imidazoles

Oxidation of fully substituted imidazoles 1 by singlet oxygen gives in good yield fully substituted 2-hydroperoxy-2H-imidazoles 2 . Reduction of 2 by triphenylphosphine leads to 2-hydroxy-2H-irnidazoles 3 . Limitations of the methods are reported.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Homopolymerization of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-2-oxazolines

2-Aryl- and 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines have been polymerized to poly-(N-aroyl)aziridines and poly(N-acyl)aziridines, respectively, in the presence of boron trifluoride. The polymers obtained were glassy, light yellow resins with molecular weights ranging from 3500 to 7500 (35–50 oxazoline units per chain). The polymerization rates have been determined for several of these monomers. A polymerization mechanism is proposed.     

Stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-beta-galactosides via 2-deoxy-2-bromo- and 2-deoxy-2-iodo-galactopyranosyl donors

[reaction: see text] A series of 2-bromo- and 2-iodo-galactopyranosyl acetates and trichloroacetimidates were evaluated as glycosyl donors for the synthesis of 2-deoxygalactopyranosides. The best selectivity for the beta-glycosidic linkage was achieved by using 6-deoxy-3,4-carbonate-protected galactosyl donors.     

Photocycloaddition of 2-Cyanocycloalk-2-Enones to 2, 3-Dimethylbut-2-Ene

Irradiation of 5,5-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohex- l-ene- l-carbonitrile ( 1 ) in the presence of 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene afforded 3,3,4,4,7,7-hexamethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydroindeno[1,7-c,d]-],2-oxazole (3) in nearly quantitative yield. In contrast, 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-cyclopent-l-ene-l-carbonitrile ( 2 ) under the same conditions reacted not to a tricyclic isoxazole but to a 2:1 mixture of 3,3,6,6,7,7-hexamethyl-2-oxo-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-l-carbonitrile ( 4 ) and trans-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-5-(2,3-dimethylbut-3-en-2-yl)cyclopentane-l-carbonitrile ( 5 ), respectively.