“精英教育”的化学课程内容及评价方案改革——2008新加坡GCE化学A水平考试大纲解析

自2006年起,新加坡对化学A水平课程进行了改革。改革后的化学A水平课程由3个不同的层次结构组成,反映了该国培养学术精英的能力要求。基于新加坡2008新课程GCE化学A水平考试大纲,对课程内容、考试目标、内容组成、试卷结构进行了分析,总结出新的GCE考试大纲化学A水平考试的一些特点及其所蕴含的思想。     

高师"化学教学论实验"课程改革的尝试

作为新一轮基础教育课程改革的核心目标是课程功能的转变———变革学生学习方式。在此背景下,高等师范院校学科教学论课程改革不仅要积极主动与基础教育课程改革新理念相呼应,更要走在基础教育新课改的前面。为此,我们对高师“化学教学论实验”课程的结构体系、教学模式、教学内容、教学方式和教学评价等方面进行了全面改革,以期适应基础教育课程改革新理念。     

3种化学教材栏目设计的比较

课程改革是教育改革的核心,教材是课程改革成果的重要表现形式。本文以新课程观为指导,对3种义务教育化学教材中的栏目设计从功能、内容、形式等几个方面进行了分析比较,以期能帮助化学教师更好地领会课程改革的精神,把握课程改革的脉搏。     

祝贺与建议

我国基础教育第8次课程改革,从2001年9月起,在全国38个国家级实验区开始实验以来,至2005年7月,义务教育阶段已扩展到2576个县;与义务教育相衔接的普通高中课程改革实验,已在广东、山东、海南、宁夏4省(区)进行了2个学期。2005年秋季起,江苏、福建两省也将进入普通高中课程改革实验。这一轮基础教育课程改革,从课程功能的转变、课程结构和课程内容的改革,以及课程管理政策的改革等方面来考察,是新中国建国以来最为深刻的!特别是高中课程改革,与建国以来历次改革相比,这次课程改革的力度是比较大的——课程结构的模块化及学分制管理等,对学校…     

“双一流”背景下高等电化学课程改革与创新

以电化学原理与应用课程为例,结合中南大学“双一流”建设需要,提出高等电化学课程改革和创新的重要性。从教学内容、教学模式、教材资料和教学团队等方面的发展历程深入探讨了本课程的改革和创新方法,并对比展示了课程改革的初步成效。相信本课程的改革与创新探索研究对于研究生教育教学改革工作具有积极的推动作用。     

高师无机实验教学如何体现高师特点?

各类院校有着不同的培养目标,为了达到各自的培养目标,各类院校除了在教学计划、课程设置上不同以外,在具体教学上也应有不同的特点。明确这一点,对如何不断改革教学、提高教学质量,无疑是十分必要的。     

以STS理念开发化学校本课程的实践和思考

新一轮课程改革进一步推动了课程管理体制的改革,确立了国家课程、地方课程、校本课程三级管理的体制。学校在课程上有了部分的决策自主权,校本课程的开发引起了教育界的关注,已成为课改的重要内容。如何盘活教学资源,开发优质的校本课程,给学校和教师提出了新的课题。     

地方综合性大学化学创新人才培养课程新体系的建设

构建课程新体系和改革教学内容是高等教育改革永恒的主题。本文立足于地方综合性大学的特点,通过构建"四位一体"课程新体系,形成三层次的课程模块,进行多角度、多层面的课程内容改革,为化学创新型人才的培养奠定了基础。     

中学化学教师科学素养的现状调查

科学素养的构成要素国内外学者已有不同的界定。培养学生的科学素养是中学化学课程的主要目标,教师科学素养的高低将直接影响课程改革实施的质量。本文对皖中地区中学化学教师科学素养的现状进行了调查与分析,并提出了一些建议。     

初中综合理科课程实施现状调查与对策——以深圳市宝安区为例

在我国初中实施综合理科课程是本次课程改革的一个亮点,也是一个难点。就新课程实施情况对深圳市宝安区所有初中学校所有学科进行了调查,通过2个维度(综合理科教师与所有学科教师、不同类型学校科学教师间)的对比分析,剖析出我区实施综合理科课程的5大有利条件和4大不利因素,同时提出了3大解决策略。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.