电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定仿真首饰中镍释放量

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定仿真饰品中镍释放量的方法.等离子体流量为15.0 L/min,观察高度为10mm,镍的分析线为231.604 nm.镍含量在0～5 mg/L范围内与仪器响应值呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9999.2.0 mg/L镍标准溶液测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.9％(n=6),方法的检出限为8μg/L.用该方法对参考样品进行测定,测定结果在参考值范围内.     

全谱交直流电弧发射光谱仪测定多金属矿中微量锡

建立了全谱交直流电弧发射光谱仪直接测定多金属矿中锡的方法. 以Ge为内标,K₂S₂O₇、Al₂O₃、KI、C粉为缓冲剂,缓冲剂与样品1∶1混合进行测定. 方法检出限为0.16 μg/g,精密度为4.43%~7.38%,加标回收率为91.4%~109.0%. 使用方法测定国家一级标准物质,测定结果与标准值相符. 方法简单、快捷,分析测试范围宽,能够满足多金属矿样品的分析要求.     

杀菌剂抑霉唑在梨子中残留动态分析

提出了通过液-液萃取,而后用气相色谱方法测定梨中抑霉唑残留量的方法.对已报道的样品提取、纯化方法进行了改进.本试验以丙酮作提取剂,经乙酸乙酯萃取,用高灵敏度气相色谱μ-ECD检测器测定.方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,平均回收率为80.5%～111.8%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～3.3%.该法可用于梨肉和梨皮中抑霉唑残留量的测定.同时,还对抑霉唑由梨皮向梨肉的迁移,在梨体上的降解等动态进行了测定.     

气相色谱法测定烟草浸膏中的烟碱

为准确测定烟草浸膏中烟碱含量,以2-甲基喹啉为内标建立了测定烟草浸膏中烟碱的气相色谱-氢火焰离子化法(GC-FID),并测定了5个烟草浸膏样品.结果表明,方法的回收率为95.00%~98.58%,检出限为0.27 mg/g,定量限为0.89 mg/g.所测烟草浸膏中烟碱的质量分数在19.66~54.97 mg/g之间.方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于烟草浸膏中烟碱的测定.     

偶氮氯膦Ⅲ-KIO4体系阻抑反应动力学光度法测定蛋白质

基于KIO4在H2SO4介质和沸水浴中可氧化偶氮氯膦Ⅲ褪色, 而蛋白质能灵敏地阻抑该氧化褪色反应, 建立了测定痕量蛋白质的新方法. 蛋白质测定范围为0～6 μg/mL, 方法的检出限为2.9×10-10 g/L, 回收率为96%～109%. 测定了动力学参数, 并对反应机理做了研究. 该方法可用于实际样品的测定.     

高锰酸钾-甲醛化学发光体系测定甲氧氯普胺

基于在甲醛的作用下,高锰酸钾对甲氧氯普胺的氧化作用而产生化学发光的现象,建立了一种新的用流动注射-化学发光法测定甲氧氯普胺含量的方法.该方法测定甲氧氯普胺的线性范围为0.2~100 mg/L,检出限为0.1 mg/L.对于8 mg/L的甲氧氯普胺标准溶液连续11次测定的相对偏差为1.2%.该方法可用于对制药废水、片剂和针剂中甲氧氯普胺含量的测定.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法间接测定痕量碘的研究

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法间接测定痕量碘的新方法,在弱酸性介质中,以Ⅰ--[Cd(Phen)3]2 -硝基苯为萃取体系,经0.24 mol/L的HCl反萃取后,用原子荧光光谱法测定镉量,从而间接测定碘.方法的线性范围为0～20 μg/L;相对标准偏差为8.5%;检出限为0.8 μg/L;回收率为74.63%～90.80%.方法已用于测定自来水中的碘量.     

ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物中铀的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对铀污染土壤植物中铀的测定方法进行了研究.在λU385.958 nm处,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了酸度和常见共存元素对测定的干扰情况,并且对比了干灰化消解和湿式消解对测定的影响.研究发现2%硝酸溶液为最佳介质,干扰离子对测定没有显著影响,干灰化消解比湿式消解得彻底.在选定条件下,方法检出限为0.18 mg·L-1,测定下限为0.61 mg·L-1,5.0000 mg·L-1的铀标准溶液的相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.81%,方法回收率为96.2%～106.2%.该方法操作简单,快速.结果表明,用ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物样品中的铀是可行的.     

王水水浴消解泡塑吸附电感耦合等离子体质谱测定化探样品中金的条件优化

为了简单、快速地测定化探样品中的金(Au),主要研究了王水水浴消解泡塑吸附,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定化探样品中金的方法.经过对前处理过程以及仪器测定过程中影响参数的优化,方法的各项指标均满足分析要求.试验结果:方法的检出限为0.014 ng/g,回收率为91%~102%,通过国家一级标准样品的验证,结果与推荐值吻合,方法的相对标准偏差RSD为3.3%~9.4%.方法适用于化探样品中金的检测.     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量碘

基于碘在高碘酸钾氧化亮绿SF增色反应中的催化活性 ,建立了高灵敏度、高选择性的催化动力学光度法测定痕量碘的方法 ,测定范围为 0 .5～ 10 μg·ml- 1,方法检出限为 0 .2 6μg·ml- 1,用于天然水的碘化物测定 ,获得满意结果     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.