异元素掺杂碳点的制备及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点具有良好的生物相容性和优良的抗光漂白能力,因此碳点在生物荧光成像方面的应用潜力受到广泛关注,但是碳点相对较低的荧光量子产率和缺乏近红外荧光发射的缺陷限制了碳点在荧光成像分析中的应用.随着异元素掺杂对碳点结构和荧光性质的改善,碳点被越来越广泛地用于生物成像.本文对近年来元素掺杂碳点的合成方法、异元素掺杂对碳点光学性质的影响和元素掺杂碳点在成像分析中的进展进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

荧光碳点的制备及应用

荧光碳点是继富勒烯、碳纳米管及石墨烯之后最热门的碳纳米材料之一。这种纳米材料克服了传统量子点的某些缺点,不仅具有优良的光学性能与小尺寸特性,而且具有良好的生物相容性,易于实现表面功能化,在生化传感、成像分析、环境检测、光催化技术及药物载体等领域具有很好的应用潜力。本文就近年来人们对荧光碳点的研究进行了综述,简述了碳点的特性,重点介绍了荧光碳点应用的最新进展,对碳点发展过程中尚待解决的问题进行总结并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

碳点荧光探针的制备及其在食品分析中的应用

碳点作为一种新型荧光碳纳米材料,具有优良的光学性能和小尺寸特性,以及良好的生物相容性、低毒性以及易于实现表面功能化等特点,是潜在的可以代替传统半导体量子点等荧光探针的良好选择.基于其独特的荧光特性和高灵敏度,碳点荧光探针在食品分析领域具有很好的应用潜力.本文对近年来荧光碳点的研究进展进行了综述,简述碳点的性能并对碳点的制备方法进行总结对比,重点介绍了碳点荧光探针在食品分析领域的应用,对目前碳点应用的限制进行了分析,对其发展前景和展望.     

荧光碳点探针的合成、性质及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点探针是近几年来发展起来的一种新型荧光探针，具有传统有机染料、荧光染色蛋白及一般荧光纳米材料无法比拟的独特优势，如具有良好的水溶性、化学惰性、低毒性、易于功能化、抗光漂白性、可调谐和生物相容性等优异性能，因而引起研究者的广泛关注。目前已发展水热法等近十种较为经济便捷的方法，可进行大规模的荧光碳点制备，在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像、病菌的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。笔者对近年来荧光碳点的合成方法、依赖于碳点尺寸和波长等性质的发光性能，以及荧光碳点在生物成像等方面的应用作一简要综述，并对其在药用植物病理方面的应用提出展望，期望为丰富荧光碳点在生物成像领域的应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

荧光碳点的生物效应及其应用研究进展

作为碳纳米材料的新成员,荧光碳点自发现以来以其独特的光学性能和生物效应引起了人们广泛的关注.新型荧光碳点表面经过钝化修饰后,被赋予相关的反应活性及靶向选择性.此外,荧光碳点更具有较低细胞毒性及优异的生物相容性,使碳点的应用日益多样化,特别在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文对荧光碳点在生化分析、微生物检测、生物成像及疾病诊断治疗上的应用研究进展做了详细的论述.     

荧光碳点的合成、性质和应用

与传统半导体发光材料相比,荧光碳点作为一种新型的碳纳米发光材料,因其优异的生物相容性、良好的发光性能、简单的合成工艺、低廉的成本等优点而备受关注。荧光碳点在生物荧光标定、医学传感器、光诊疗剂以及发光器件等方面具有广阔的应用潜力。本文重点阐述了荧光碳点的合成方法、显微结构分析、荧光机理及应用的最新成果,希望为荧光碳点合成与应用研究的发展提供参考。     

荧光碳点的制备方法及其在生物医药领域应用的研究进展

近年来,随着科学技术的不断发展,人们对于纳米碳材料的探索与开发日益增多。荧光碳点作为一种新型的纳米碳材料逐渐出现在大众视野之中,因其具有优异的光学特性、物理与化学性质均较为稳定、生物相容性高,同时拥有高效、无毒或低毒的制备方法而在药物载体、生物成像、探针检测等领域均得到了广泛的应用。本文针对近年来荧光碳点制备方法以及其在生物医药领域的应用进行综述,对荧光碳点的研究前景进行了展望。     

水相一步法合成具有双光子效应的高效橙红荧光聚合物碳点

聚合物碳纳米点是近年来新兴的一种荧光纳米探针,具有较低的生物毒性、良好的水溶性、较高的量子产率、优异的光/化学稳定性以及良好的生物相容性.目前所制备的碳点大都表现出蓝、绿色荧光发射.为实现碳点长波荧光发射,扩大其在生物标记与成像及光电显示方面的应用,本文采用水相一步法交联聚合反应制备了具有橙红荧光发射性质且具有双光子效应的聚合物碳点,发射波长为604 nm,荧光量子产率达到30.64%,并且应用在生物活体成像中.     

荧光碳点在分析检测中的研究进展

碳点是一种具有强荧光、低毒性、荧光波长可调、无光闪烁等特性的新型荧光纳米粒子。经过近年来的发展,碳点的制备方法逐渐多样化,合成过程更加快捷、简便;使其在生化传感、环境检测等领域中得到了广泛应用。该文简述了碳点的特性及制备方法,综述了荧光碳点在金属离子、阴离子、有机小分子及生物大分子检测中的研究进展,最后提出了其发展过程存在的问题并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

碳点的性质及其在生物传感器领域的应用

碳点(carbon dots,CDs)作为一种具有优良生物相容性、低毒性和表面功能可调的新型碳基纳米材料,在生物传感领域具有极大的应用潜力.本文对碳点的生物效应、发光性质及其发光机理进行了简述,并根据传感机制的不同,将CDs在生物传感领域的应用分为荧光(fluorescence,FL)传感器、电致发光(electrochemiluminescence,ECL)传感器以及化学发光(chemiluminescence,CL)传感器三类进行综述.最后分析了CDs目前在生物传感器领域应用中存在的问题,并对其发展进行了展望.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.