荧光碳点的制备及应用研究进展

荧光碳点是一种新型的荧光纳米材料。它不仅具有优良的光学性能,而且具有良好的生物相容性,易于实现表面功能化,在生物传感、荧光探针等领域具有很好的应用潜力。本文就近几年来荧光碳点的研究进行了综述,简述了碳点的特性,着重介绍了荧光碳点制备和应用的最新进展,对碳点发展过程中尚待解决的问题进行了总结,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

荧光碳点探针的合成、性质及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点探针是近几年来发展起来的一种新型荧光探针，具有传统有机染料、荧光染色蛋白及一般荧光纳米材料无法比拟的独特优势，如具有良好的水溶性、化学惰性、低毒性、易于功能化、抗光漂白性、可调谐和生物相容性等优异性能，因而引起研究者的广泛关注。目前已发展水热法等近十种较为经济便捷的方法，可进行大规模的荧光碳点制备，在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像、病菌的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。笔者对近年来荧光碳点的合成方法、依赖于碳点尺寸和波长等性质的发光性能，以及荧光碳点在生物成像等方面的应用作一简要综述，并对其在药用植物病理方面的应用提出展望，期望为丰富荧光碳点在生物成像领域的应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

碳量子点荧光探针的设计及其在农残检测中的应用进展

农药的长期、大量、不合理使用,对我国生态环境和农畜产品的安全生产及人体生命与健康构成了严重威胁。发展灵敏、高效的探针监测农药原体及其代谢产物对食品安全预警有重要意义。因此科研工作者致力于开发简单、高效的农残检测新策略。碳量子点作为一种新型荧光碳纳米材料,无毒无害,具有良好的稳定性及优越的光学性能,易于实现功能化,因此碳量子点荧光探针在农残检测方面极具应用潜力。该文对碳量子点荧光探针的研究进展进行综述,简述了碳量子点的特性及合成,重点介绍了碳量子点作为荧光探针在农残检测中的最新应用进展,并对其发展过程中尚待解决的问题进行总结,对未来发展方向进行展望。     

温敏性碳量子点的快速制备、荧光性质及细胞成像应用

以草酸和尿素为碳源,超纯水为溶剂,采用微波方法快速合成了具有热敏性的氮掺杂碳量子点,对其形貌、结构、荧光性质和荧光强度的影响因素,以及细胞毒性进行了测试和讨论,并用于小鼠结肠癌细胞(CT26.WT)成像。结果表明,制备的碳量子点近似球形,粒径约3.8 nm。碳量子点具有良好的温度响应的荧光性质。在10~80℃温度范围内,相对荧光强度与温度之间存在良好的线性关系。随着温度的增加,碳量子点的荧光强度减小,温度从10℃升至80℃,相对荧光强度减少了25%,当温度反向降低时,其荧光强度恢复到原始值。碳量子点温度与荧光强度之间的线性关系,使之在温度响应的荧光传感领域具有潜在的应用价值。对碳量子点进行氮掺杂能有效提高其荧光量子产率,当草酸和尿素质量比为3∶1时,荧光量子产率最高,为9.5%。另外,合成的碳量子点还具有优异的抗盐性能、强稳定性等特点,不仅能有效被CT26.WT细胞吞噬,还显示出低毒性和生物相容性,MTT分析结果表明,在1 000μg·mL~(-1)的碳量子点存在下,CT26.WT细胞存活率达85%,荧光碳量子点有望作为温敏性的荧光纳米探针在细胞研究领域得到应用。     

荧光碳点的制备及应用

荧光碳点是继富勒烯、碳纳米管及石墨烯之后最热门的碳纳米材料之一。这种纳米材料克服了传统量子点的某些缺点,不仅具有优良的光学性能与小尺寸特性,而且具有良好的生物相容性,易于实现表面功能化,在生化传感、成像分析、环境检测、光催化技术及药物载体等领域具有很好的应用潜力。本文就近年来人们对荧光碳点的研究进行了综述,简述了碳点的特性,重点介绍了荧光碳点应用的最新进展,对碳点发展过程中尚待解决的问题进行总结并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

钆掺杂碳量子点的制备及其双模态成像研究进展

荧光-磁共振成像(MRI)双模态分子探针突破了单一分子影像探针在灵敏度以及软组织分辨率等方面的局限性,在诊断和治疗等医学领域具有良好的应用潜力。钆掺杂碳量子点(Gd-CDs)是一种典型的荧光-MRI双模态分子探针,因其优异的荧光性能、良好的核磁共振成像能力和生物相容性等优点,在肿瘤的靶向性成像和监控诊疗方面具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了目前Gd-CDs的制备、性能及其在双模态成像应用的研究现状,并提出目前存在的问题和前景展望。     

微波原位法制备碳点/壳聚糖荧光复合物及其应用研究

选择壳聚糖水溶液作为唯一反应物,利用简单方便的微波原位法制备碳点/壳聚糖荧光复合物,该复合物无需经过产物分离提纯等步骤就能够直接进行后续应用.测试结果表明,碳点/壳聚糖复合物溶液呈黄棕色,透明均一,在365 nm紫外光下显示出明显的蓝色荧光.此外,碳点/壳聚糖复合物中的碳点分散良好,尺寸比较均一.重要的是,该碳点/壳聚糖复合物具有新的综合性能特点,即不仅被赋予了碳点的多色荧光性能,而且还保留了壳聚糖的成膜性能和p H刺激响应性能,可以十分方便地直接进行多种应用,包括利用该复合物制备荧光复合膜和复合球,以及采用电沉积方法制备具有特定形状的荧光涂层,还可以直接应用于细胞成像.因此,这种微波原位法制备的碳点/壳聚糖复合物在荧光材料、荧光涂层、生物成像和生物标记等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

硫量子点的合成及其分析应用研究进展

硫量子点是近年发展起来的一类新型纳米荧光探针,该荧光探针具有优异的发光特性以及良好的生物相容性,受到研究者的广泛关注.本文在总结硫量子点合成方法及光学性质的基础上,系统介绍了其在离子及小分子分析、细胞成像等方面的应用研究进展.     

水相一步法合成具有双光子效应的高效橙红荧光聚合物碳点

聚合物碳纳米点是近年来新兴的一种荧光纳米探针,具有较低的生物毒性、良好的水溶性、较高的量子产率、优异的光/化学稳定性以及良好的生物相容性.目前所制备的碳点大都表现出蓝、绿色荧光发射.为实现碳点长波荧光发射,扩大其在生物标记与成像及光电显示方面的应用,本文采用水相一步法交联聚合反应制备了具有橙红荧光发射性质且具有双光子效应的聚合物碳点,发射波长为604 nm,荧光量子产率达到30.64%,并且应用在生物活体成像中.     

水热法新型水溶性荧光碳点的制备及其性能研究

以阿拉伯糖和磷酸酪蛋白肽进行水热反应,制备水溶性多色荧光碳点,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外吸收光谱(UV)、荧光光谱(FL)、红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对所制备碳点的粒径大小、吸收光谱、发光性质、表面基团等进行表征,并考察了其性能和对不同金属离子的识别作用。结果表明:制备的荧光碳点平均粒径为4.62 nm,其紫外最大吸收波长为281 nm,XRD峰值约为21°,可在紫外灯下发出明亮的荧光,最大发射波长为414 nm,且呈荧光多元发射。红外光谱分析表明存在—COOH,—NH2和—OH基团。该荧光碳点具有良好的性能,且对Cu2+和Fe3+有较强的选择性识别作用,其原因可能是荧光碳点的聚合导致粒径增大从而使荧光强度减弱。该碳点有望作为荧光探针用于检测分析和生物成像等领域。     

碳点的性质及其在化学发光分析中的研究进展

碳点是一种新型的荧光碳纳米颗粒,与传统的半导体量子点相比,碳点具有毒性低、生物相容性好、原料丰富廉价、光稳定性好等特点,得到引了化学、材料和生物等各领域科学家的高度关注。 本文介绍了碳点的基本概念和性质、探讨了碳点在化学发光领域的应用研究进展并进行了展望。     

碳基量子点荧光传感器在环境检测中的应用研究

由于碳基量子点优越的光学性能、良好的水溶性及良好的生物相容性，其在荧光传感器方面的应用引起了越来越多人的关注，特别是其对金属离子卓越的检测性能使其广泛应用于环境检测。为了更好的了解到碳基量子点的应用，从碳量子点、石墨烯量子点、氧化石墨烯量子点的合成和近十年来关于其在环境检测中的应用做了总结，并对碳基量子点荧光传感器的应用做了展望。     

异元素掺杂碳点的制备及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点具有良好的生物相容性和优良的抗光漂白能力,因此碳点在生物荧光成像方面的应用潜力受到广泛关注,但是碳点相对较低的荧光量子产率和缺乏近红外荧光发射的缺陷限制了碳点在荧光成像分析中的应用.随着异元素掺杂对碳点结构和荧光性质的改善,碳点被越来越广泛地用于生物成像.本文对近年来元素掺杂碳点的合成方法、异元素掺杂对碳点光学性质的影响和元素掺杂碳点在成像分析中的进展进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Controllable Photoelectric Properties of Carbon Dots and Their Application in Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells are a current research hotspot in the energy field because of their advantages of lightness,translucency,roll to roll printing and building integration.With the rapid development of small molecule acceptor materials with high-performance,the efficiency of organic solar cells has been greatly improved.Further improving the device efficiency and stability and reducing the cost of active layer materials will contribute to the industrial development of organic solar cells.As a novel type of carbon nanomaterials,carbon dots gradually show great application potential in the field of organic solar cells due to their advantages of low preparation cost,non-toxicity and excellent photoelectric performance.Firstly,the synthesis and classification of carbon dots are briefly introduced.Secondly,the photoelectric properties of carbon dots and their adjusting,including adjustable surface energy level structure,good film-forming performance and up/down conversion characteristics are summarized.Thirdly,based on these intrinsic properties,the feasibility and advantages of carbon dots used in organic solar cells are discussed.Fourthly,the application progress of carbon dots in the active layer,hole transport layer,electron transport layer,interface modification layer and down-conversion materials of organic solar cells is also reviewed.Finally,the application progress of carbon dots in organic solar cells is prospected.Several further research directions,including in-depth exploration of the controllable preparation of carbon dots and their application in the fields of interface layer and up/down conversion for improving efficiency and stability of device are pointed out.     

荧光碳点的合成、性质和应用

与传统半导体发光材料相比,荧光碳点作为一种新型的碳纳米发光材料,因其优异的生物相容性、良好的发光性能、简单的合成工艺、低廉的成本等优点而备受关注。荧光碳点在生物荧光标定、医学传感器、光诊疗剂以及发光器件等方面具有广阔的应用潜力。本文重点阐述了荧光碳点的合成方法、显微结构分析、荧光机理及应用的最新成果,希望为荧光碳点合成与应用研究的发展提供参考。     

Functional Carbon Quantum Dots: A Versatile Platform for Chemosensing and Biosensing

Carbon quantum dot has emerged as a new promising fluorescent nanomaterial due to its excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility and accessible fabrication methods, and has shown huge application perspective in a variety of areas, especially in chemosensing and biosensing applications. In this personal account, we give a brief overview of carbon quantum dots from its origin and preparation methods, present some advance on fluorescence origin of carbon quantum dots, and focus on development of chemosensors and biosensors based on functional carbon quantum dots. Comprehensive advances on functional carbon quantum dots as a versatile platform for sensing from our group are included and summarized as well as some typical examples from the other groups. The biosensing applications of functional carbon quantum dots are highlighted from selective assays of enzyme activity to fluorescent identification of cancer cells and bacteria.     

Synthesis of Ultra‐Stable Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Their Application in the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals

Highly biocompatible and highly photostable fluorescent carbon dots (C dots) were obtained through a simple and nontoxic one‐pot hydrothermal method. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, a common and low‐cost biocompatibility reagent, was used as the only carbon source for the first time. The resulting water‐soluble C dots showed a quantum yield of up to 23.58 % with low cytotoxicity, favorable photoluminescent properties, and good photostability. Importantly, the fluorescence intensities of the C dots were quite stable in high‐salt conditions and over a broad pH range (3.0–10.5). The as‐prepared C dots have been demonstrated to be an excellent probe for hydroxyl radicals sensing based on the fluorescence quenching with great sensitivity and specificity. This opens up a new application field for C dots.     

碳点的制备及荧光量子产率的测定 ——一个仪器分析综合实验

As a new type of nano-materials, carbon dots have unique optical properties and excellent chemical properties, such as easy preparation, low cost, high chemical stability and good biocompatibility. Three kinds of carbon dots were prepared by microwave, hydrothermal and pyrolysis methods, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of the three carbon dots were measured and compared with those of small organic fluorescent molecules. The fluorescence quantum yield of three carbon dots was measured using quinine sulfate as standards. This experiment not only enables students to learn the preparation methods and the unique luminescent properties of carbon nanomaterials, but also enables students to have a deeper understanding of the structures, principles and applications of three kinds of molecular spectroscopy instruments based on the measurement of quantum yield. This experiment can be used as a comprehensive 10-hour instrumental analysis experiment for junior students majoring in chemistry, applied chemistry and material chemistry.     

Classical oxidant induced chemiluminescence of fluorescent carbon dots

We report new chemiluminescent properties of fluorescent carbon dots in the presence of classical oxidants, such as acidic potassium permanganate and cerium(IV). The radiative recombination of oxidant-injected holes and electrons in the carbon dots accounts for the CL emission, which sheds new light on characteristics of the carbon dots.