荧光碳点探针的合成、性质及其在生物成像中的应用

荧光碳点探针是近几年来发展起来的一种新型荧光探针，具有传统有机染料、荧光染色蛋白及一般荧光纳米材料无法比拟的独特优势，如具有良好的水溶性、化学惰性、低毒性、易于功能化、抗光漂白性、可调谐和生物相容性等优异性能，因而引起研究者的广泛关注。目前已发展水热法等近十种较为经济便捷的方法，可进行大规模的荧光碳点制备，在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像、病菌的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。笔者对近年来荧光碳点的合成方法、依赖于碳点尺寸和波长等性质的发光性能，以及荧光碳点在生物成像等方面的应用作一简要综述，并对其在药用植物病理方面的应用提出展望，期望为丰富荧光碳点在生物成像领域的应用提供一定的借鉴和参考。

Synthesis,Properties and Application of Fluorescence Carbon Quantum Dots in Bioimaging

The carbon dot (CD)-based fluorescent probe is a new type of fluorescent probe have been developed in recent years. Comparing with the traditional biological labels such as traditional organic dyes, fluorescent chromatin and usual fluorescent nanomaterial, the CDs have unique advantages (good water solubility, chemical inertia, low toxicity, easy function, anti-light bleaching, tunable and biocompatibility) have attracted considerable attentions. At present, more than ten kinds of inexpensive and convenient methods such as hydrothermal methods have been developed for large-scale preparation of fluorescent CDs. It has been widely used in cell function research, detection of cell surface and functional molecules, imaging of tissues, and positioning of pathogens. The synthesis method in recent years, the luminescence properties depending on the size and wavelength, and the application of fluorescent CDs in bioimaging are briefly reviewed, and their application in the pathology of medicinal plants is forecasted. It is expected to provide some reference for expending the application range of fluorescent CDs in the field of bioimaging.