环氧环戊烷的无溶剂合成工艺

以聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯接枝磷钨酸季铵盐为三相相转移催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,KCl为助催化剂,研究了环戊烯(CPE)合成环氧环戊烷(CPEO)的无溶剂工艺。 讨论了催化剂和助催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、环戊烯与H2O2摩尔比对反应的影响。 确定了无溶剂环氧环戊烷合成反应的条件为(以0.056 mol H2O2计)：催化剂1.0 g、助催化剂0.025 g、反应温度40 ℃、反应时间5 h、n(CPE)∶n(H2O2)=2.1∶1.0。 CPEO的平均收率约为96%。 催化剂回收重复使用6次活性无明显降低。     

反应控制相转移催化环氧化苯乙烯

研究了磷钨杂多酸盐反应控制相转移催化H2O2直接氧化苯乙烯制环氧苯乙烷的反应,考察了溶剂、H₂O₂用量、催化剂用量、反应温度、时间、苯乙烯浓度等因素对反应的影响。 获得的适宜的反应条件为：乙酸乙酯为溶剂,n(苯乙烯)∶n(H₂O₂)∶n(催化剂)=300∶300∶1,反应温度60 ℃,反应时间6 h,反应液中苯乙烯质量分数为10%。 在该条件下,苯乙烯的转化率为85.5%,环氧苯乙烷的选择性为84.9%。 催化剂可过滤回收,循环使用2次后的活性无明显下降。     

阳离子树脂催化合成环氧大豆油工艺研究

以大豆油和双氧水为原料,阳离子树脂为催化剂,合成了环氧大豆油。考察了双氧水的用量、甲酸用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对环氧化反应的影响。确定了较佳的合成条件:m(大豆油):m(甲酸):m(双氧水):m(阳离子树脂)=100:10:65:1,反应温度60℃,反应时间6h。在上述条件下,合成了淡黄色产品环氧大豆油,产品环氧值为4.9%,碘值低于3.2g I_2/100g。     

wo3催化h2o2氧化环己酮合成己二酸

以WO3为催化剂,在无有机溶剂和相转移催化剂的情况下,用H2O2氧化环己酮合成己二酸。探讨了催化剂用量、H2O2用量、反应温度和时间等条件对反应的影响。在优化条件下:n(环己酮)∶n(H2O2)∶n(WO3)=100∶500∶2,反应温度为120℃,反应6 h,己二酸分离收率可达80.3%,纯度为99.8%;催化剂重复使用5次后己二酸收率仍可达70.2%。     

钛钨改性HMS的合成及催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛

通过改变硅钛摩尔比和硅钨摩尔比合成了Ti-HMS和Ti/W-HMS型分子筛,并进行了NH3-TPD测试分析. 结果表明,当n(Si)∶ n(Ti)=30∶ 1、n(Si)∶ n(W)=400∶ 1时,分子筛的酸量最大. 利用上述不同HMS为催化剂,ω(H2O2)=30%的H2O2水溶液为氧化剂,在无有机溶剂及相转移催化剂条件下,氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛. 结果表明,Ti/W-HMS可选择性氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛;催化剂的酸量和酸强度越大,越有利于提高催化活性和选择性. 利用Ti(30)/W(400)-HMS为催化剂,当n(醇)∶ n(H2O2)=1∶ 2、ω(催化剂)=4%、反应时间为5 h时,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为72.6%、96.9%. 催化剂重复使用4次后,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为63.2%、89.1%.     

无溶剂条件下反应控制相转移催化氯丙烯氧化制环氧氯丙烷

系统地研究了无溶剂条件下,H2O2为氧源,反应控制相转移催化剂[(C16H33(70%)+C18H37(30%))N(CH3)3]3[PW4O16]催化氯丙烯环氧化制环氧氯丙烷反应.结果表明,在氯丙烯/H2O2/催化剂(摩尔比)=400∶100∶1条件下,50～55℃反应3 h,环氧氯丙烷的收率为85～87%.在NaH2PO4存在下,催化剂循环使用5次,活性无明显降低,新鲜催化剂和回收催化剂的31P MAS NMR谱分析结果表明NaH2PO4对催化剂结构和组成具有稳定作用.     

有机-无机杂化钨(钼)过氧配合物催化合成己二酸

以1,10-菲啰啉(Phen)作N,N配体制备了双核同多钨(钼)杂化过氧配合物H2M2O3(O2)4.2Phen(M:W、Mo),为己二酸的绿色合成提供了一类双功能催化剂。通过元素分析、重量法、化学滴定法、TG/DSC、IR和UV-Vis测试技术对其组成和结构进行了表征。在不使用有机溶剂和相转移催化剂的条件下,考察了它们催化30%的H2O2氧化环己烯、环己醇和环己酮合成己二酸的催化活性。实验结果表明,钨过氧配合物的催化活性较好,钼过氧配合物的催化活性差;以H2W2O3(O2)4.2Phen.H2O作催化剂,反应条件为n(底物)∶n(催化剂)∶n(H2O2)=100∶1.2∶440,反应温度为90℃,反应12 h,从环己烯、环己醇和环己酮到己二酸的收率分别为89.9%、53.5%和64.8%。     

气固相法合成的Ti—ZSM—5催化剂上苯乙烯氧化应的宏观动力学

采用TiCl4气固相同晶取代法制得的Ti-ZSM-5作催化剂,对H2O2氧化苯乙烯反应的宏观动力学进行了研究,考察了催化剂、苯乙烯和H2O2用量及反应温度对苯乙烯氧化反应速率的影响。结果表明,催化剂Ti-ZSM-5和底物苯乙烯对苯乙烯氧化反应速率的贡献均为一级,而H2O2为1／2级;苯乙烯氧化反应的表观活化能Ea＝48.14kJ/mol。当以丙酮为溶剂,在n(PhCH:CH2)/n(H2O2)=7.91,催化剂用量为20g/L,反应温度为343K的条件下,反应360min时,苯乙醛选择性和H2O2利用率分别可达91.9%和88.6%。     

聚苯乙烯负载席夫碱Mo(Ⅵ)配合物合成、表征及其在环己烯环氧化反应中的催化活性

合成了聚苯乙烯负载乙二胺缩水杨醛席夫碱与Mo(Ⅵ)的配合物,并对其结构进行了表征.该配合物催化环己烯环氧化反应与小分子配合物MoO₂(acac)₂相比,具有更优良的催化活性和选择性;建立了催化剂中Mo分析和环氧环己烷气相色谱分析新方法;探讨了配合物及环氧环己烷合成过程诸因素的影响;优化了环氧环己烷合成条件,即以n(t-BuOOH)=0.1mol计,n(C₆H₁₀)∶n(t-BuOOH)=3∶1,溶剂5mL,反应温度80℃,时间60min.在该条件下,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)99.2%以上,质量分数约99.5%(GC检测).催化剂循环使用5次后,未见活性明显下降,环氧环己烷收率(以t-BuOOH计)仍接近99%.     

磷钨杂多酸季铵盐催化脂肪酸甲酯环氧化

以钨酸钠、磷酸、过氧化氢H2O2和氯代十六烷基吡啶为原料制备了磷钨杂多酸季铵盐相转移催化剂.实验发现,采用乙酸乙酯溶解氯代十六烷基吡啶制备的催化剂呈颗粒状析出于油水界面,简单过滤即可分离.该催化剂与H2O2作用体系呈均相,反应速率显著加快.H2O2耗尽并降温后,催化剂以固体颗粒形式沉淀,回收率达90%,重复使用六次活性基本不变.采用FT-IR表征了反应前后催化剂结构的变化.以二氯乙烷为溶剂考察了反应条件对脂肪酸甲酯环氧化反应和H2O2利用率的影响.实验结果表明,在反应时间2.5h,催化剂0.3g,分步加入30%H2O23.5g(30.88mmol),反应温度65℃,二氯乙烷20mL,脂肪酸甲酯5.0g(双键22.84mmol)时,产品环氧值可达5.78%,双键环氧化选择性81.9%,H2O2利用率达86%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.