煤直接液化油中混合酚的分离研究

利用分子筛择形特点，对煤直接液化油中的混合酚实施高效分离。本研究选取间甲酚和对甲酚作为分离煤直接液化油馏分段混合酚的模型化合物，采用化学液相沉积法对HZSM-5吸附剂的孔口结构进行改变，分析分子筛硅铝比及颗粒粒径对模型化合物间甲酚和对甲酚吸附分离性能的影响，以获得高性能固相吸附剂，并将其应用于180-190℃馏分段混合酚分离。结果表明，当分子筛硅铝比为25、粒径为3-5 μm时，分子筛的孔口结构调节效果最优；当正硅酸乙酯的最小用量为0.2 mL/g时，固相吸附剂的吸附量为0.03 g/g，对甲酚选择性高于95%。由于外表面沉积物对吸附剂的孔口结构变化，导致对甲酚选择性的提高。进一步采用HZSM-5（1）吸附剂对真实煤直接液化油混合酚的分离中发现，苯酚和对甲酚的选择性均达到100%。     

毛细管电泳-安培检测法对甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、西维因和速灭威农药残留的测定研究

采用高效毛细管电泳-安培检测法对农药甲基对疏磷、对硫磷、西维因和速灭威水解产物酚类进行了测定研究,考察了影响水解和毛细管分离的各种因素：磷酸盐缓冲溶液的浓度、体系的pH值、分离高压、检测电位等．结果表明：在优化的实验条件下,标准样品15min内实现了基线分离,线性范围(mg／L)：间-甲酚、α-萘酚和对硝基苯酚均为0．05～10,信噪比为3时,测定检出限(mg／L)：间-甲酚0．04,α-萘酚0．02,对硝基苯酚0．03;对疏磷、速灭威和西维因回收率分别为91％,94％和101％,相对标准偏差分别为3．3％、2．5％和2．2％(n=6)。可用于对所选该类农药残留的快速测定。     

MoCl_4-(i-Bu)_2AlOAr体系引发丁二烯聚合的研究

由MoCl_4为主催化剂,(i-Bu)_3Al与酚类反应的产物(i-Bu)_2AlOAr为助催化剂所组成的催化体系,在加氢汽油中引发丁二烯聚合,研究酚类结构对聚合反应的影响。结果表明,带有推电子基团的酚类,可以提高丁二烯岵,聚合速度,其顺序为双酚A>间甲酚间>β-萘酚>苯酚>对氯酚。测定了丁二烯聚合的表现活化能E_α,催化剂利用率α,活性中心浓度[P~*],和活性中心的平均寿期(?)。     

1,2,4-苯三酸酐修饰的吸附树脂对氯酚类物质的吸附研究

合成了1,2,4-苯三酸酐修饰超高交联吸附树脂,通过静态吸附,研究了树脂上对氯酚类物质的吸附性能及吸附机理。结果表明,树脂对4种氯酚类物质均具有较好的吸附性能,对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附是化学吸附占主导作用,对对氯苯酚、2,6-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的吸附都是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的过程,Freundlich吸附等温方程很好地拟合4种氯酚类物质在树脂上的吸附行为。     

苯酚及取代酚在碳纳米管上的吸附研究

本文研究了水溶液中碳纳米管(CNTs)吸附苯酚、对甲酚和对甲氧基苯酚的热力学特性,测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线,并探讨了其可能的吸附机理。结果表明:在稀溶液中碳纳米管对三种酚类物质的吸附均符合Freund lich和Langmu ir方程,吸附均为放热、熵增的自发过程,并且都具有物理吸附特征;碳纳米管与三种酚类物质分子之间的л—л共轭作用的强弱决定了碳纳米管对三种酚类物质的吸附能力,顺序依次为:对甲氧基苯酚>对甲酚>苯酚。     

极性搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附-气相色谱/质谱法测定主流烟气捕集液中4种酚类物质

建立了极性搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附-气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法测定主流烟气捕集液中苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚4种酚类物质的分析方法。利用人工唾液收集主流烟气制备待测样品,样品用极性搅拌棒在室温下以900r/min吸附萃取60min;热脱附温度220℃,热脱附时间3min,冷阱温度-50℃进行热脱附后,通过GC/MS法进行分离检测。上述4种酚类物质在5~200μg/L范围内响应峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系(r0.99),检出限在0.8~3.6μg/L之间,3个添加浓度(10、50、100μg/L)水平的平均回收率在82.8%~112.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为4.6%~12.2%。该方法操作简便,溶剂消耗少,灵敏度高,适用于烟气捕集液中苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚和对甲酚的分析检测。     

MoCl4-(i-Bu)2AlOAr体系引发丁二烯聚合的研究

 由MoCl₄为主催化剂,(i-Bu)_3Al与酚类反应的产物(i-Bu)₂AlOAr为助催化剂所组成的催化体系,在加氢汽油中引发丁二烯聚合,研究酚类结构对聚合反应的影响。结果表明,带有推电子基团的酚类,可以提高丁二烯岵,聚合速度,其顺序为双酚A>间甲酚间>β-萘酚>苯酚>对氯酚。测定了丁二烯聚合的表现活化能E_α,催化剂利用率α,活性中心浓度[P*],和活性中心的平均寿期L。     

高效分离去除酚类化合物的新型吸附树脂的制备、表征、性能与机制

本研究优化了氯甲基化的苯乙烯-二乙烯苯树脂的后交联反应条件,并对不同条件下得到的树脂的反应程度、比表面结构及孔道、官能团进行了表征。应用得到的HF-06树脂,吸附只含有酚羟基的高水溶性酚类物质苯酚、对苯二酚和间苯三酚。通过考察HF-06在不同p H值、温度条件下的吸附性能,发现该树脂吸附容量存在苯酚对苯二酚间苯三酚的规律,吸附容量是XAD-4树脂的2.20倍,比NDA150等商业树脂高15%以上。吸附过程以物理作用为主并兼有部分化学作用,树脂与吸附质分子之间同时存在着范德华力和氢键作用。     

偏最小二乘法用于研究酚类物质的竞争吸附

将偏最小二乘法(PLS)用于紫外-可见分光光度分析,同时测定水溶液中苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和α-萘酚三种组分,并将此方法用于研究苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和α-萘酚在水溶液中的竞争吸附.结果表明:合成样本的回收率在96%~107.6%之间,结果比较令人满意.采用PLS法计算三种酚类物质吸附后的平衡浓度和吸附量,其结果与采用LCA(Langmuir Competitive Adsorption)模型预测的结果较为接近.     

负载金属离子的磺酸型树脂对酚类成分的吸附

研究了负载金属离子的磺酸型树脂在水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷等不同介质中对苯酚、o-苯二酚、m-苯二酚、p-苯二酚、联苯三酚、间苯三酚等酚类成分的吸附性能.结果表明:负载了铜离子的树脂 (D72-Cu2 ) 在正己烷中对苯酚的吸附能力较弱,而对o-苯二酚、m-苯二酚、p-苯二酚、联苯三酚、间苯三酚等具有一定的吸附作用,且随着羟基的数目和空间位置的不同,对上述酚类成分表现出明显的吸附选择性.因此,应用这种具有配位吸附作用的树脂对非水体系中的酚类成分进行吸附分离是可行的,且有望进一步研究将其用于对某些天然活性成分的提取分离.     

酚类在芳烃溶剂中的缔合溶液热力学

用凝固点降低法测量了对甲酚、间甲酚、邻甲酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,6-二甲酚以及对甲酚+间甲酚、对甲酚+邻甲酚、间甲酚+邻甲酚、2,4-二甲酚+2,6-二甲酚的1:1摩尔比混合物等为溶质, 溶剂为苯或对二甲苯的活度系数, 用Wiehe-Bagley型的连续缔合模型对数据进行了处理, 得到了各种酚的自缔合常效K_A. 在同一溶剂中, K_A依下列顺序减小: 对甲酚>间甲酚>邻甲酚; 2,4-二甲酚>2,6-二甲酚. 各混合酚的表观K_A 介于两种纯酚的K_A之间.     

神府煤煤岩显微组分的浮选分离及富集物的低温热解产物特性研究

研究了神府煤煤岩显微组分的浮选法分离及富集物的低温热解产物特性,考察了矿浆pH值对浮选分离效果的影响,探讨了显微组分富集率对低温热解产物收率的影响,对比分析了显微组分富集物低温热解产物特性,为煤岩显微组分的分级利用提供理论指导。结果表明,调节矿浆pH值可控制煤岩显微组分的分离效果;煤样中镜质组含量越高,低温热解的焦油收率越高,而惰质组含量越高,焦油收率越低,半焦收率越高;镜质组富集物低温热解后半焦表面出现明显的大孔和裂隙,惰质组富集物低温热解后半焦的结构更加疏散、易碎,小颗粒增多;神府煤及各显微组分富集物低温热解焦油中酚类物质的相对含量较高,镜质组富集物热解焦油中的酚类、萘类和链烃类物质含量高于惰质组,而惰质组富集物焦油中多环芳烃类及苯类相对含量较高;神府煤及各显微组分富集物低温热解气的主要成分为CH4、H2、CO、CO2及少量C2~5碳氢物,镜质组富集物热解气中CH4、H2及C2~5的相对累积产率高于惰质组,而CO和CO2产率低于惰质组,原煤热解气中CH4和H2的相对累积产率高于镜质组和惰质组。     

镁铝类水滑石对邻、间、对甲基苯酚的吸附

采用液相非稳态共沉淀法制备了镁铝类水滑石（Mg-Al HTlc）,并研究了邻、间和对甲基苯酚在Mg-Al HTlc上的吸附行为。 结果表明,邻、间和对甲基苯酚在Mg-Al HTlc上的吸附等温方程均符合Freundlich吸附等温式;吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程;在实验范围内,Mg-Al HTlc对三者的吸附量为：对甲基苯酚＞邻甲基苯酚＞间甲基苯酚;在pH值5.00~13.00范围内,三者的吸附量均随pH值的增加先增大后减小、随温度升高和电解质（NaCl）浓度的增大而增大。 探讨了吸附机理和苯环上甲基取代基位置对吸附的影响。     

化学液相沉积法调变沸石孔径及异构体择形分离

本文用化学液相沉积方法精细调变NaY沸石孔径, 在适当的溶剂中硅酯与沸石吸附水或表面羟基作用而沉积于沸石外表面, 沸石孔口有效地被缩小。制备了一系列氧化硅沉积量不同的SiNaY沸石, 红外光谱、比表面和孔体积测量结果表明随着沉积量增加沸石孔径逐渐缩小, 但沸石骨架结构、孔容和内表面性质基本不变。测定了SiNaY样品对于对二甲苯/1, 3, 5-三甲苯, β-甲基萘/α-甲基萘, 1, 2, 4-三甲苯/1, 3, 5-三甲苯, 对二甲苯/间二甲苯和对甲酚/间甲酚五类分子尺寸不同的液体混合体系的择形吸附行为, 发现SiNaY沸石对分子尺寸与沸石孔径相近的混合体系具有良好的择形选择吸附分离性能。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分离分析甲酚异构体

提出了柱前衍生高效液相色谱法同时分离测定邻甲酚、间甲酚和对甲酚的方法。含甲酚异构体的样品与衍生化试剂按1比8(质量比)混合,加热回流衍生2 h。3种异构体的转化率依次为98.1%,99.0%,98.5%。选用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱作为反相色谱柱,以甲醇和水以体积比为35比65的混合溶液为流动相,在260nm波长处进行测定,乙酸邻甲酚酯、乙酸间甲酚酯的峰面积与其浓度在(0.05～3.75)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,而乙酸对甲酚酯在(0.03～2.25)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为1.88×10~(-5),1.88×10~(-5),1.13×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。此方法应用于实际样品的测定,回收率分别为104%,95%,100%,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为0.22%,2.34%,0.90%。     

A highly stable biosensor for phenols prepared by immobilizing polyphenol oxidase into polyaniline-polyacrylonitrile composite matrix

A novel biosensor for phenols was constructed by immobilizing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) into polyaniline-polyacrylonitrile composite matrix. The sensing film was prepared by electropolymerization of aniline into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-coated platinum electrode in the presence of PPO. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that PAN had microporous structure and polyaniline and the enzyme could co-intercalated into PAN matrix. The obtained biosensor exhibited high sensitivity and excellent stability, which had no apparent loss of activity after 100 consecutive measurements and intermittent usage for 8 months with storage in a phosphate buffer at 4 degrees C. The construction and operational conditions of the enzyme electrode were optimized. The sensitivities of the enzyme electrode for phenol, p-cresol, m-cresol and catechol were 0.96, 1.38, 1.5 and 2.03 AM(-1)cm(-2), respectively.     

An Ion-imprinted Silica Gel Polymer Prepared by Surface Imprinting Technique Combined with Aqueous Solution Polymerization for Selective Adsorption of Ni(Ⅱ) from Aqueous Solution

A novel Ni(Ⅱ) ion-imprinted silica gel polymer was prepared via the surface imprinting technique combined with aqueous solution polymerization by using 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid(AMPS) as a functional monomer for the selective separation of Ni(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution. The sorbent showed good chemical and thermal stability. Kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium adsorption was achieved within 10 min and the adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the ion-imprinted polymer towards Ni(Ⅱ) at the optimal p H of 7.0 was 66.22 mg·g~(-1). The relative selectivity coefficients of the sorbent were 9.23, 15.71, 14.72 and 20.15 for Ni(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ)/Zn(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ)/Pb(Ⅱ), respectively. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption of Ni(Ⅱ) was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The sorbent showed good reusability evidenced by six cycles of adsorption/desorption experiments. The precision of this method is satisfactory. Thus, the prepared sorbent can be considered as a promising sorbent for selective separation of Ni(Ⅱ) in real water samples.     

Sampling of benzene in tar matrices from biomass gasification using two different solid-phase sorbents

Biomass tar mainly consists of stable aromatic compounds such as benzene and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzene being the biggest tar component in real biomass gasification gas. For the analysis of individual tar compounds, the solid-phase adsorption method was chosen. According to this method, tar samples are collected on a column with an amino-phase sorbent. With a high benzene concentration in biomass tar, some of the benzene will not be collected on the amino-phase sorbent. To get over this situation, we have installed another column with activated charcoal which is intended for collection of volatile organic compounds, including benzene, after the column with the amino-phase sorbent. The study of maximal adsorption amounts of various compounds on both adsorbents while testing different sampling volumes led to the conclusion that benzene is a limiting compound. The research proved that the use of two sorbents (500 mg + 100 mg) connected in series allows for assessment of tar in synthesis gas with a tar concentration up to 30-40 g m(-3), which corresponds to the requirements of most gasifiers.     

Determination of major phenolic compounds in water by reversed-phase liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization with benzoyl chloride

A simple reversed-phase LC method capable of detecting ng/ml quantities of phenolic compounds in water is described. Pre-column derivatization with benzoyl chloride is used for the separation and determination o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, phenol, resorcinol, catechol and hydroquinone in water. The benzoyl derivatives formed within in 15 min, were extracted with dietyl ether, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography with UV detection at 232 nm. With a mobile phase of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-water (54:6:40, v/v) the seven derivatives were eluted in 15 min. The detection limits were between 0.05 and 0.50 ng/ml for 50 ml of a standard water sample. The method was applied to the analysis of phenols in wine and river water. The recovery of the derivatives from pure water was 81-94% with relative standard deviations of 2.5-5.0%.