用甲基叔丁基甲醚对苯酚叔丁基化的反应研究

目前我国生产对叔丁基苯酚的方法通常以酚类为原料，烯烃或醚类为烷基化试 剂，其中异丁烯是主要烷基化试剂，但异丁烯在储存、运输等方面存在着一定的弊 端．采用直接以甲基叔丁基甲醚为烷基化试剂，研究了苯酚与甲基叔丁基甲醚的烷 基化反应．并对各影响因素进行了讨论，其中催化剂用量和原料比对反应影响最大 ，温度次之，反应时间影响最小．实验中得出了制备反应的最佳条件；苯酚转化率 大于85％，对叔丁基苯酚产率为78％，得到较理想产率．并与以异丁烯为烷基化试 剂进行了比较，具有成本低、流程短、操作简便、安全等特点，应用前景非常好．     

P-HZSM-5催化剂上合成对异丙基苯酚的研究

研究了在Ｐ－ＨＺＳＭ－５ 上苯酚与异丙醇烷基化合成对异丙基苯酚（ｐ－ＩＰＰ）的反应, 考察了磷含量对催化反应性能的影响, 用ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和Ｐｙｒ－ＩＲ表征了Ｐ－ＨＺＳＭ－５ 的表面酸性质． 结果表明, 磷改性ＨＺＳＭ－５ 可提高ｐ－ＩＰＰ选择性（达９５％ ）, 而降低了苯酚的转化率, 并导致酸量减少和酸强度减弱． 磷与分子筛的相互作用引起了分子筛脱铝． 焙烧温度对活性和选择性均有影响． 分子筛在９７３ Ｋ、Ｐ－ＨＺＳＭ－５ 在８２３ Ｋ焙烧时, ｐ－ＩＰＰ选择性最高     

P—HZSM—5催化剂上合成对异丙基苯酚的研究

研究了在Ｐ－ＨＺＳＭ－５上苯酚与异丙醇烷基化合成对异丙基苯酚（ｐ－ＩＰＰ）的反应,考察了磷含量对催化反应性能的影响,用ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和Ｐｙｒ－ＩＲ表征也Ｐ－ＨＺＳＭ－５的表面酸性质 ,结果表明,磷改性ＨＺＳＭ－５可提高ｐ－ＩＰＰ选择性（达９５％）。而降低了苯酚的转化率,并导致酸量减少和酸强度减弱,磷与分子筛的相互作用引起了分子筛脱铝,焙烧温度对活性和选择性均有影响,分子筛在９７３Ｋ、Ｐ－ＨＺＳＭ＿     

离子交换树脂催化合成对—1,1,3,3—四甲基丁基苯酚的研究

应用强酸性阳离子交换树脂作为苯酚与２,４,４－三甲基－１－戊烯及２,４,４－三甲基－２－戊烯的混合物（二异丁烯）进行烷基化反应的催化剂,通过间歇化反应,比较了三种树脂的催化活性。考察了反应时间、温度、二异丁烯与苯酚摩尔比及催化剂用量对转化率及目的产物选择性的影响。优化的反应条件为：温度８５℃,时间６ｈ,催化剂用量７％,二异丁烯与苯酚摩尔比０．８：１。在此条件下,二异丁烯转化率高于９５％,选择性可达     

β沸石催化苯酚甲基化反应

研究了氢型β沸石和改性β沸石对苯酚－甲醇烷基化反应的催化性能。发现β沸艇下的反应网络与复合氧化物基本相同。沸石的酸碱性影响反应的活性和选择性；提高沸石硅铝比，反应活性降低，氧上烷基化反应的选择性提高。β沸石改性调变酸性后，可有效地抑制甲醇高温分解和生成积炭等副反应；酸碱中心的协同作用，降低了氧上烷基化反应的选择性。     

HY沸石上2，6—二叔丁工萘的择形合成

研究了脱铝HY沸石（n(Si)/n(Al)=3.8）上萘（naph）的选择性叔丁基化反应。结果表明，八面沸石对该反应过程有较好的择形催化作用，两种异构化产物（2，6－二叔丁基萘和2，7－二叔丁基萘)之间存在着热力学平衡，即两种异构化产物可在酸性中心上相互转化，在以叔丁醇为烷基化试剂，WHSV＝2h^-1，n(t-BuOH)/n(naph）＝3，反应温度为120℃的反应条件下，萘的转化率可达98．43％，β－位选择性可高达100％，二叔丁基萘收率可达74．34％，2，6－二叔丁基萘／2，7－二叔丁基萘/2,7-叔丁基萘质量比为6．24。     

位阻型钴卟啉的结构及其在催化氧化2,6—二叔丁基苯酚反应中活性的研究

本文报道了在４０℃和０．１ＭＰａ氧气的条件下，以系列带有不同吸电子基团的位阻型钴卟啉作催化剂，研究２，６－二叔丁基苯酚的催经氧化反应，根据实验数据及对反应动力学的研究，提出了该催化氧化反应的机制，结果表明，钴卟啉催化氧化２，６－二叔丁基苯酚的反应符合酶的催化反应机制，催化剂的催化活性随着取代基团的吸电子效应和位阻效 增加而降低，即：ＴＰＰＣｏ（Ⅱ）〉ＴＰ－ＣＩＰＰＣｏ（Ⅱ）〉Ｔｏ－ＣＩＰＰＣｏ（Ⅱ     

二丁基二月桂酸锡催化碳酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应研究

研究了二丁基二月桂酸锡催化碳酸二甲酯和苯酚酯交换反应的活性和选择性,发现不同厂家生产的二丁基二月桂酸锡对该反应的催化活性和选择性差异较大,采用反应分离一体化的工艺可提高苯酚的转化率。     

铬酸钴催化剂上苯酚和甲醇气相邻位烷基化反应

研究了具有尖晶石结构的铬酸钴及负载钾的铬酸钴催化剂上苯酚和甲醇气相邻位烷基化反应. 结果表明, 相对较高的反应温度有利于提高催化剂的反应活性和2,6-二甲酚的选择性; 随着质量空速的降低, 苯酚的转化率和2,6-二甲酚的选择性逐渐增加, 邻甲酚的选择性逐渐降低, 这表明2,6-二甲酚是邻甲酚进行连续反应的结果. 另外, 钾的引入能明显提高邻甲酚的选择性, 降低苯酚的转化率和2,6-二甲酚的选择性, 原因可能主要是由于负载钾后铬酸钴催化剂上的较强的酸中心数目明显减少所致.     

Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛的合成、表征及其在苯酚叔丁基化反应中的催化性能

 通过嫁接的方法合成了Al-SBA-15介孔分子筛,用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、低温N2吸附和NH3程序升温脱附等方法进行了表征,并研究了其在苯酚叔丁基化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明, Al-SBA-15保持了母体SBA-15高度有序的六方介孔结构,具有较强的酸性,且在苯酚叔丁基化反应中表现出比Al-MCM-41更好的催化活性和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚选择性.     

Phenol alkylation with tert-butyl alcohol catalyzed by HM zeolite

Zeolite HM has a potential application in phenol alkylation with tert-butyl alcohol to produce p-TBP and 2,4-DTBP with high activity and selectivity.     

磺酸基功能化的有序SBA-15-SO3H介孔分子筛的合成及其在苯酚叔丁基化反应中的应用

通过一步法合成了SBA-15-SO3H介孔分子筛,用XRD,TEM,低温N2吸附和吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法进行了表征,并研究了其在苯酚叔丁基化反应中的催化性能.结果表明,SBA-15-SO3H保持了母体SBA-15高度有序的六方介孔结构,具有较强的酸性和热稳定性,且在苯酚叔丁基化反应中表现较好的催化活性和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚选择性.     

SiO_2改性MCM-22分子筛上联苯与环己醇的择形烷基化反应

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为修饰剂,采用化学液相沉积法(CLD)对MCM-22分子筛进行改性,制备了一系列SiO_2改性的MCM-22催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2物理吸附-脱附、氨程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)对催化剂性质进行了表征。结果表明SiO_2主要沉积在MCM-22分子筛的外表面,外表面上的Br?nsted酸位量明显减少,但对分子筛的总酸量影响不大。考察了改性催化剂用于联苯与环己醇的择形烷基化反应制备线性4-环己基联苯(4-CBP)及4,4′-环己基联苯(4,4′-DCBP)的催化性能。在常压条件下,温度为190°C时反应200 min,4-CBP与4,4′-DCBP的选择性分别为80.4%与63.7%。结合表征数据,发现SiO_2沉积对发生在催化剂外表面Br?nsted酸位上的异构化反应有明显的抑制作用。此外,重复使用5次后的改性分子筛经过焙烧复原,活性与选择性基本恢复。     

Zirconia-supported phosphotungstic acid as catalyst for alkylation of phenol with benzyl alcohol

The liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with benzyl alcohol was carried out using zirconia-supported phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as catalyst. The catalysts with different PTA loadings (5–20 wt.% calcined at 750 °C) and calcination temperature (15 wt.% calcined from 650 to 850 °C) were prepared and characterized by ³¹P MAS NMR and FT-IR pyridine adsorption spectroscopy. The catalyst with optimum PTA loading (15%) and calcination temperature (750 °C) was prepared in different solvents. ³¹P MAS NMR spectra of the catalysts showed two types of phosphorous species, one is the Keggin unit and the other is the decomposition product of PTA and the relative amount of each depends on PTA loading, calcination temperature and the solvent used for the catalyst preparation. The catalysts with 15% PTA on zirconia calcined at 750 °C showed the highest Brönsted acidity. At 130 °C and phenol/benzyl alcohol molar ratio of 2 (time, 1 h), the most active catalyst, 15% PTA calcined at 750 °C gave 98% benzyl alcohol conversion with 83% benzyl phenol selectivity.     

Mg/Ce-SBA-15的制备及其苯酚甲醇烷基化性能的研究

以Ce-SBA-15为载体,硝酸镁为活性组分前驱体,通过浸渍法制备了Mg/Ce-SBA-15催化剂。利用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、EDS、NH₃-TPD、Py-FTIR和TG-DTA手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Mg掺杂并未破坏载体结构,催化剂表面弱酸含量有所增加,L酸增加明显。在固定床反应器中评价了Mg/Ce-SBA-15分子筛催化苯酚甲醇烷基化的反应性能。结果表明,Mg负载量为7%、焙烧温度为550℃、焙烧时间为4.5 h制备的Mg/Ce-SBA-15催化剂催化效果最佳。在反应温度460℃,n（苯酚）：n（甲醇）为1：4,质量空速为3.0 h^-1,常压的条件下,苯酚转化率为80.1%,邻甲酚选择性为86.4%。     

ZSM-5沸石结晶度对乙苯叔丁基化对位选择性的影响(英文)

Highly crystalline ZSM-5 zeolites are important for para-selective alkylation of alkyl aromatics, because they carry few external acid sites for isomerization of p-dialkyl products. Such zeolites (Si/Al = 25, 50, and 75) were synthesized in a fluoride medium between pH 4 and 6. Their crystallinities, crystal sizes, and surface areas were higher than those of a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite. Their para selectivities in alkylation were tested for vapor-phase tert-butylation of ethylbenzene between 200 and 400 °C. As expected, all the catalysts showed more than 90% para selectivity. At 300 °C, ethylbenzene conversion decreased in the order ZSM-5(25, commercial) > ZSM-5(25) > ZSM-5(50) > ZSM-5(75). The catalysts had weak, medium, and strong acid sites, but all the acid sites of ZSM-5(75) were weaker than those of ZSM-5(25) and ZSM-5(50). The high activity of commercial ZSM-5 was caused by its strong acid sites being stronger than those of the synthesized zeolites. Although the activity of the commercial catalyst was higher than those of the present catalysts, the selectivity for 4-t-butylethylbenzene (4-t-BEB) was low. The optimum feed ratio (ethylbenzene:t-butyl alcohol) was 2:1 and the feed rate was 1.65 h?1 for high ethylbenzene conversion and 4-t-BEB selectivity. Time-on-stream studies showed slow catalyst deactivation. Highly crystalline ZSM-5 zeolites are therefore better than a commercial zeolite for para-selective alkylation of alkyl aromatics. They do not require much post-modification for high para selectivity. A fluoride medium is therefore better than an alkaline medium for obtaining highly crystalline para-selective ZSM-5 zeolites.     

Liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with long-chain olefins over WOx/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts

The liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with 1-dodecene was carried out over WO_x/ZrO₂ solid acid catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconium oxyhydroxide and ammonium metatungstate. Catalysts with different WO₃ loading (5–30 wt.%) were prepared and calcined at 800 °C and catalyst with 15% WO₃ was calcined from 700–850 °C. All the catalysts were characterized by surface area, XRD, and FTIR. The catalyst with 15% WO₃ calcined at 800 °C (15 WZ-800) was found to be the most active in the reaction. The effect of temperature, molar ratio and catalyst weight on dodecene conversion and products selectivity was studied in detail. Under the optimized reaction conditions of 120 °C, phenol/1-dodecene molar ratio 2 and time 2 h, the catalyst 15 WZ-800 gave >99% dodecene conversion with 90% dodecylphenol selectivity. Comparison of the catalytic activity of 15 WZ-800 with sulfated zirconia calcined at 500 °C (SZ-500) and Hβ zeolite showed that activity of SZ-500 was lower than that of 15 WZ-800, while Hβ zeolite showed negligible activity. It is observed that the presence of water in the reaction mixture was detrimental to the catalytic activity of WO_x/ZrO₂. The catalyst 15 WZ-800 also found to be an efficient catalyst for alkylation of phenol with long-chain olefins like 1-octene and 1-decene.     

铁锆氧化物催化剂上苯酚和甲醇气相邻位烷基化反应

采用共沉淀法制备了不同锆含量的铁锆氧化物催化剂, 考察了它们在苯酚和甲醇气相邻位烷基化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明, 铁锆两组分氧化物催化剂具有良好的催化活性和邻位选择性, Zr、Fe摩尔比为0.5/100的催化剂上苯酚的转化率达到99.2%, 主要产物邻甲酚和2,6-二甲酚的选择性分别为22.6%和77.0%, 随着反应温度的提高, 2,6-二甲酚的选择性增加. 铁锆氧化物表面存在的相对较强的酸碱中心可能是获得较高苯酚转化率和2,6-二甲酚选择性的主要原因.     

负载铯催化剂上苯酚与甲醇醚化制苯甲醚

研究了不同酸碱中心、载体、前躯体和负载量对负载铯催化剂上苯酚与甲醇醚化制苯甲醚反应行为的影响。结果表明,碱性中心比酸性中心具有更高的苯甲醚选择性,碱性中心的阳离子影响催化剂的苯甲醚选择性。载体影响铯离子的电子结合能,从而影响催化剂的醚化活性;铯离子的电子结合能越低,催化剂醚化活性越低;载体影响催化剂强碱性位数量,从而影响苯甲醚选择性;强碱性位数量越多,副反应越容易发生,苯甲醚选择性越低。不同前躯体制备的Cs/Si O2由于表面相对铯原子数量不同而活性不同;Cs/Si O2的单层负载量为1.0 mmol/g,超过单层负载量后催化剂的平均活性显著下降。     

Study of methanol and isobutanol coupling over acid catalysts

The coupling of methanol and isobutanol was carried out over selected acid catalysts. An amorphous silica-alumina, a zeolite and aluminas were tested as catalysts of the coupling. The correlation between the catalysts acidity and their activity and selectivity was studied. The catalytic tests were carried out in a fixed-bed flow microreactor working on line with a gas-chromatograph. The acidic properties of the catalysts were followed by IR studies of pyridine adsorption. The results obtained proved that the strength and the concentration of acid sites on the catalysts surface effected the alcohols conversion to ethers. It was found that the undesirable dehydration of isobutanol to isobutene was catalyzed by stronger acid sites than those required for the etherification reaction. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.