马铃薯Y病毒基因组3′-端区域的克隆和序列分析

以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY,中国分离株)基因组RNA的cDNA为模板,我们用聚合酶连锁反应(PCR)合成了完整的外壳蛋白(CP)基因及部分3′末端非编码区序列。在5′-引物Y5中引入了限制性酶NcoI位点及起始密码AUG,3′-引物Y3中引入了Sall位点。PCR产物经NcoI及Sall双酶切后克隆入pGEM衍生质粒,并测定了其中一个克隆pPCY6的CP基因的序列,以此克隆的CP基因片段作探针,从cDNA库中钓出相关的几个克隆,并测定了序列,由此我们获得了包含部分NIb基因,全部的CP基因及3′-非编码区共1317个碱基。序列分析表明,该株系CP基因核苷酸序列与0株系同源性(94.2％)较与N株系(89.6％)同源性稍高,但氨基酸序列的同源性差别不大(分别为93.3％及91.8％)。目前我们已将该基因克隆入双元载体pBI121.1,并通过脓杆菌转化马铃薯,以期得到抗PVY的马铃薯工程株。     

大豆花叶病毒NIb基因的cDNA克隆和序列分析

以大豆花叶病毒北京分离株(SMV-BJ)RNA为模板,随机六聚核苷酸为引物,合成cDNA。根据SMV-BJ外壳蛋白基因序列和国外已报道的SMV,WMV-Ⅱ的有关序列,设计寡聚核苷酸引物。通过聚合酶连锁反应,得到了SMV NIb基因的全长cDNA克隆,并测定了其全序列。所测SMV NIb基因序列与WMV-Ⅱ(USA)株系比较,其核苷酸同源性达80.3％,由核苷酸序列所推导出的氨基酸序列同源性达到91.3％。综合SMV-BJ基因组3′端非编码区、外壳蛋白基因和NIb基因的资料,我们认为:WMV-Ⅱ可能是SMV的一个西瓜株系。实验中发现一些含NIb基因的重组克隆在3′端区域有大的序列变异,并讨论了这种变异的原因。在完成基因拚接、改造的基础上,构建了SMV-BJ NIb基因的高等植物表达载体。     

一株新黄瓜花叶病毒卫星RNA结构和生物学分析

从患香蕉花叶心腐病香蕉病叶分离的黄瓜花叶病毒中,发现一株新卫星RNA(定名为Ba-Sat)。以CMV卫星RNA两端保守序列为引物合成了Ba-Sat cDNA并将其克隆到载体pGEM7Zf(+)上。序列分析结果表明,Ba-Sat由390个核苷酸组成,其5′端、3′端各有一段序列与其它株系卫星RNA有很高的序列同源性,但其中间区域则无任何序列同源性。在此基础上,进一步分析了Ba-Sat的二级结构,并研究了Ba-Sat的生物学特征,实验结果证明Ba-Sat具有致弱卫星RNA的特性。     

MDMV外壳蛋白基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

报道了玉米矮花叶病毒(MDMV)全长外壳蛋白cDNA基因的克隆、序列分析和表达产物鉴定的结果。根据其cDNA序列推测的外壳蛋白氨基酸顺序全长共有313个氨基酸,分子量总和为35 400 D,与聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳估算的值36 000 D相近,克隆的病毒外壳蛋白基因cDNA 3′-末端非编码区含有256个碱基。将此外壳蛋白的基因插入pUC19的1acZ基因中,转入E.coli后诱导表达,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析呈现一特异性的蛋白带,经Western吸印与抗MDMV的兔血清呈阳性反应,证实所克隆的cDNA基因为MDMV外壳蛋白基因,并且能够正确表达。     

2′-5′寡腺苷酸的有机合成与修饰

本文主要综述了三方面的内容:(1)2′-5′寡腺苷酸的生物学意义。(2)2′-5′寡腺苷酸的有机合成,特别是磷酸三酯法和铅离子(Pb~(++))催化法。(3)2′-5′寡腺苷酸结构与功能的关系,如5′端磷酸基,3′端羟基以及碱基与功能的关系。     

人凝血Ⅸ因子cDNA在转基因小鼠内的表达调控

为了研究人凝血IX因子cDNA在转基因小鼠内的表达,特别是顺式调节顺序的存在位置,本文将3种具有不同结构的人凝血IX因子cDNA的重组基因导入离体培养细胞,发现外源的人IX因子cDNA都能表达人IX因子蛋白,进而将它们分别作成转基因小鼠,结果发现在转基因小鼠内都失去了表达特性。这些结果证实了在人凝血IX因子cDNA中存在着决定其在转基因小鼠内表达的顺式调节顺序,同时也排除了这种顺式调节顺序存在于3′端非编码顺序中的可能性。作者再结合一些相关研究的结果,认为其顺式调节顺序可能存在于5′端的非编码顺序中。     

高效液相色谱/质谱分析蘑菇柄中5′-核苷酸

采用高效液相色谱 /质谱法 ,对蘑菇柄中 5′ 核苷酸进行了分析。在C18柱上 ,以含 0 0 5%磷酸的水 甲醇 ( 95/5,V/V)为流动相进行了分离 ,检测波长 2 60nm。以HPLC与LC/MS复合定性蘑菇柄中5′ 核苷酸为 5′ 鸟苷酸、5′ 尿苷酸、5′ 腺苷酸和 5′ 胞苷酸。采用外标法定量 ,它们的回收率分别为98 9%、95 1 %、94 1 %和 1 0 1 4 % ,检测限分别为 2 8、2 .7、3.5和 4 .3mg/L。     

大鼠小肠壁细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白一级结构及功能的研究

应用序列同源性cDNA作探针,从大鼠小肠壁细胞cDNA文库中筛选出了葡萄糖转运蛋白cDNA克隆。经双脱氧法测定该克隆的cDNA全序列为2466bp,翻译区1566bp,编码522个氨基酸。从氨基酸全序列分析得到12个疏水区段,每区段为21个氨基酸。此葡萄糖转运蛋白可能在细胞膜上跨膜12次,构成葡萄糖通道。     

兔早期胚泡特异肽的cDNA克隆

从家兔受精后第6天(着床前)的早期胚泡构建cDNA文库,经阶段特异分子杂交筛选,克隆了仅在此时期表达的9种胚泡特异肽类的cDNA对其中一种丰度较高的cDNA克隆进行了研究,测出其编码区含有285碱基对,5'和3'侧翼区各有132和170碱基对.经DNA序列分析,推导出一种分泌性多肽的一级结构,由75个氨基酸组成.计算机分析显示它与迄今报道的所有基因和蛋白在结构上无任何同源性.     

孔石莼质体蓝素的柱色谱纯化及其N-端氨基酸序列的分析测定

通过DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换柱和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤柱分离纯化得到了孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)的质体蓝素。其步骤为:将孔石莼样品以0.02 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.2)进行匀浆,然后离心去除沉淀,将上清液用硫酸铵分级盐析获得饱和度为40%~80%的盐析蛋白;通过DEAE-Sepharose 柱色谱,在含有0~1.0 mol/L NaCl 的0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液线性梯度洗脱下,盐析蛋白有3个主要的洗脱峰,然后在Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤色谱柱中进一步纯化。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）显示,该蛋白质被纯化为单一条带。根据蛋白质电泳迁移率,纯化蛋白质的相对分子质量约为10000。该蛋白质不含糖。纯化的蛋白质经电转移至聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜后,以Edman降解法进行N-端氨基酸序列测定,前20个氨基酸残基序列为AAIVKLGPDDGSLAFVPSKI。通过对相关蛋白质数据库的检索,发现该序列与3种已报道的海藻的质体蓝素具有较高的序列同源性,其同源性分别为85%,85%和90%。据此,认为孔石莼的质体蓝素已获得纯化,其N-端20个氨基酸残基与已报道的海藻质体蓝素的氨基酸残基有较大的同源性,也存在着一定的变异。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.