水热法合成球花状二硫化钼及其电化学性能

采用二水钼酸钠（Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O）和硫脲（CS（NH₂）₂）分别作为钼源和硫源,通过水热合成法获得球花状二硫化钼,其较佳的水热条件为：180℃下反应48 h,钼硫原子比为1：4,反应物浓度为0.001 mol·L^-1,在100 mL反应釜中的填充体积为90 mL。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）、对样品的物相和形貌进行了表征,并利用低温氮吸附BET模型测试了样品的比表面积。结果表明,合成的二硫化钼结晶性良好,平均粒径约为1 μm,比表面积约为87 m²·g^-1,分布均匀且无明显团聚。通过循环伏安（CV）曲线、恒电流充放电曲线（GCD）、阻抗谱图（EIS）表征其电化学性能,测试表明：在3 mol·L^-1 KOH水相电解液中,单电极比电容可达130.6 F·g^-1（扫速为5 mV·s^-1）和110.9 F·g^-1（电流密度为0.1 A·g^-1）,界面转移电阻R_ct为0.33 Ω;循环1 000圈后比电容损失为14.7%。说明采用该水热法合成的二硫化钼可以成为超级电容器电极的理想材料。     

锌镍铝水滑石微球的制备及吸附性能

以Zn（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、Ni（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O和尿素为原料,采用一步水热法制备分散性良好的三元锌镍铝水滑石（ZnNiAl-LDHs）微球。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶转换红外光谱（FTIR）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并比较ZnNiAl-LDHs和ZnAl-LDHs对甲基橙（MO）的吸附性能。结果表明,ZnNiAl-LDHs是由纳米片组成、具有3D结构的微球,粒径为1~2.5 μm,比表面积为156 m²·g^-1,远大于ZnAl-LDHs的比表面积38 m²·g^-1;ZnNiAl-LDHs和ZnAl-LDHs对甲基橙的饱和吸附量分别为329.60和143.47 mg·g^-1,ZnNiAl-LDHs表现出更强的吸附能力,其吸附等温线和吸附动力学分别符合Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学模型。     

三维有序大孔Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C锂离子电池负极纳米玻璃陶瓷-碳复合材料制备及电化学性能

以聚苯乙烯（PS）胶晶作为铸模,采用纳米铸造工艺及后续煅烧的方法合成了三维有序大孔Fe₂SiO₄/SiO₂@C纳米玻璃陶瓷锂离子电池负极材料。溶胶-凝胶工艺产生的凝胶在650℃氩气氛炉中煅烧后,Fe₂SiO₄纳米晶体从含铁元素的SiO₂基玻璃中结晶析出,形成由Fe₂SiO₄纳米晶体、铁离子（Fe³⁺）修饰的玻璃态SiO₂和非晶碳组成的三维有序大孔纳米玻璃陶瓷。在50 mA·g^-1电流密度下进行充放电时,其放电容量可达450 mAh·g^-1以上,电流密度增加到250 mA·g^-1时可逆放电容量仍旧稳定地保持在260 mAh·g^-1,而具有同样有序大孔结构和含碳量的非晶态SiO₂@C材料的放电比容量在50 mA·g^-1电流密度时仅为15 mAh·g^-1。这些结果表明,Fe₂SiO₄纳米晶体及Fe³⁺有助于SiO₂基玻璃陶瓷实现可逆储锂过程。     

ZrO2包覆的层状富锂正极材料0.6Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2·0.4LiNi5/12Mn5/12Co1/6O2的电化学性能

采用喷雾干燥法合成了富锂层状氧化物正极材料0.6Li[Li_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂·0.4LiNi_5/12Mn_5/12Co_1/6O₂(简称LNMCO),并使用Zr (CH₃COO)₄进行ZrO₂的包覆改性。TEM测试结果显示纳米级的ZrO₂颗粒附着在LNMCO的表面。包覆质量分数为1.5%的ZrO₂包覆样品的首圈库伦效率和放电比容量有着显著提升,在室温下其首圈库伦效率和放电比容量(电流密度：20 mA·g^-1,电压：2.0~4.8 V)分别为87.2%,279.3 mAh·g^-1,而原样则为75.1%,224.1 mAh·g^-1,循环100圈之后,1.5% ZrO₂包覆样品的放电比容量为248.3 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为88.9%,高于原样的195.9 mAh·g^-1和87.4%。     

双层SiO2包覆Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其染料吸附性能

采用改进的Stober法合成了多孔结构的双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料,利用TEM、XRD、VSM和氮吸附-脱附实验对其结构与性能进行分析,进而研究其对染料的吸附性能。研究结果表明,双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料的比表面积和磁饱和强度分别为308 m²·g^-1和45.5 emu·g^-1;当罗丹明B的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到250 mg·L^-1时,复合材料对其饱和吸附量从24.0 mg·g^-1增大到112.4 mg·g^-1,而亚甲基蓝的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到500 mg·L^-1时,对其饱和吸附量从22.0 mg·g^-1增大到235.1 mg·g^-1;随着溶液pH值增大,复合材料对罗丹明B的饱和吸附量增加,而对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量变化不明显;温度在20~40 ℃范围内复合材料的吸附量较大。     

双层SiO2包覆Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其染料吸附性能

采用改进的Stober法合成了多孔结构的双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料,利用TEM、XRD、VSM和氮吸附-脱附实验对其结构与性能进行分析,进而研究其对染料的吸附性能。研究结果表明,双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料的比表面积和磁饱和强度分别为308 m²·g^-1和45.5 emu·g^-1;当罗丹明B的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到250 mg·L^-1时,复合材料对其饱和吸附量从24.0 mg·g^-1增大到112.4 mg·g^-1,而亚甲基蓝的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到500 mg·L^-1时,对其饱和吸附量从22.0 mg·g^-1增大到235.1 mg·g^-1;随着溶液pH值增大,复合材料对罗丹明B的饱和吸附量增加,而对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量变化不明显;温度在20~40 ℃范围内复合材料的吸附量较大。     

Fe(Ⅲ)掺杂Nb2O5微纳球的水热合成及其电化学性能

采用一步水热法合成Nb₂O₅和Fe（Ⅲ）掺杂的五氧化二铌微纳米球（Fe-Nb₂O₅）,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）等测试手段分别对其结构和形貌进行了表征。结果发现,所合成的Fe-Nb₂O₅和Nb₂O₅均为正交晶相,Nb₂O₅为尺寸分布在50~300 nm之间的形貌不规则颗粒,而Fe-Nb₂O₅是由约50 nm的一次颗粒自组装而成的直径约为1 μm的均匀微纳米球,即具有多级结构,其有利于增大电极材料与电解液的接触界面。电化学测试结果表明,Fe-Nb₂O₅的循环稳定性和倍率性能得到明显改善,在50 mA·g^-1电流密度下,100次循环后放电容量仍保持在193.2 mAh·g^-1,即使在5 A·g^-1的电流密度下,容量仍可达到108.4 mAh·g^-1。并分析了其性能改善的原因。     

酸处理对CuY催化剂孔结构及氧化羰基化性能的影响

对NaY分子筛(n_Si/n_Al=2.65)进行了草酸脱铝处理并作为载体采用液相离子交换法制备CuY催化剂, 应用于常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应。NaY分子筛及其CuY催化剂通过N₂低温吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、²⁹Si固体核磁共振、NH₃吸附程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H₂程序升温还原、原子吸收等方法进行表征。研究结果表明, 酸处理NaY分子筛后, 骨架铝被脱除, 导致骨架n_Si/n_Al比增加、相对结晶度降低并产生介孔, 有利于产物分子的扩散, 从而影响催化活性。采用4 h、2 mol·L^-1草酸处理NaY分子筛作为载体制备的CuY催化剂显示出较高的催化性能, DMC时空收率和甲醇转化率分别从103.6 mg·g^-1·h^-1和6.3%增加到184.9 mg·g^-1·h^-1和10.2%。产生的介孔能够促进催化剂中铜活性位的可接近性及反应物分子和产物分子的扩散。     

酸处理对CuY催化剂孔结构及氧化羰基化性能的影响

对NaY分子筛(n_Si/n_Al=2.65)进行了草酸脱铝处理并作为载体采用液相离子交换法制备CuY催化剂,应用于常压甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应。NaY分子筛及其CuY催化剂通过N₂低温吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、²⁹Si固体核磁共振、NH₃吸附程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱、H₂程序升温还原、原子吸收等方法进行表征。研究结果表明,酸处理NaY分子筛后,骨架铝被脱除,导致骨架n_Si/n_Al比增加、相对结晶度降低并产生介孔,有利于产物分子的扩散,从而影响催化活性。采用4 h、2 mol·L^-1草酸处理NaY分子筛作为载体制备的CuY催化剂显示出较高的催化性能,DMC时空收率和甲醇转化率分别从103.6 mg·g^-1·h^-1和6.3%增加到184.9 mg·g^-1·h^-1和10.2%。产生的介孔能够促进催化剂中铜活性位的可接近性及反应物分子和产物分子的扩散。     

N掺杂MnO2/碳布复合材料的制备及储锂性能

采用碳布（CC）为柔性基底,通过水热法制备了MnO₂/CC及N掺杂MnO₂/CC无黏结剂负极材料,借助X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、比表面积测试和恒电流充放电对材料进行了结构表征及电化学性能测试。结果表明N掺杂MnO₂/CC具有良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为948.8 mAh·g^-1,经过不同倍率测试后电流密度恢复至0.1 A·g^-1时仍然保持有907.9 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,容量保持率为95.7%。在1 A·g^-1的大电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为640.3 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后仍然保持有529.9 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,容量保持率为82.8%,可逆比容量远高于商用MnO₂。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.