可观察到氢气燃烧呈淡蓝色火焰的实验设计

现行高中化学教科书中钠与水的反应实验未提供验证反应所产生气体的实验装置。为使学生通过观察实验现象,直观地认识和理解钠与水反应产生的气体是氢气,在已设计"钠与水反应的实验装置"的基础上,从普通玻璃尖嘴导管焰色反应的干扰、煤油蒸气的干扰2个维度进行分析,最终设计出可以观察到氢气燃烧呈淡蓝色火焰的实验。     

无溶剂体系脂肪酶催化合成阿魏酸油醇酯

对无溶剂体系中阿魏酸的转酯化疏水改性进行了研究,确立了减压反应器(0.001 MPa)中Novozym 435脂肪酶催化阿魏酸乙酯和油醇进行转酯化反应合成新型抗氧化剂阿魏酸油醇酯的方法.发现水活度(aw)明显影响转酯反应,阿魏酸油醇酯产率在aw＜0.01-0.75范围内随着水活度的增加而降低,推测底物阿魏酸乙酯和产物阿...     

自制趣味钠与水反应演示仪

最新版(全日制普通高校教科书(实验修订本必修)化学)实验[2一4]钠与水反应的演示实验,采用挤瘪盛满水的塑料瓶来收集和检验氢气,较好地说明了钠的物理和化学性质,但是,我们在重复该实验的过程中发现,该方法常常会因挤捏不到位,引起橡皮塞进出,甚至爆炸的现象。为此,我们利用废弃品,自制了一种既能充分演示钠与水反应的实验现象,方便地检验反应产物,又能安全操作的课堂实验演示仪。     

准东煤热解过程中不同赋存形态钠变迁规律的研究

利用加压管式反应器对准东煤进行了一系列热解实验,并采用溶剂逐级萃取的方法研究了煤中各赋存形态钠在不同热解温度、停留时间及其压力下的变迁规律。研究发现,原煤中钠主要是以水合离子态和钠长石的形式存在,有机态钠含量较少。在500-700℃时,随着挥发分的释放,水可溶性钠结合到煤焦的碳基质上,转化为盐酸可溶但水不可溶性的钠,少量有机钠会挥发至气相中。在700-900℃时,可溶性钠与高岭土等矿物质反应生成盐酸不可溶性钠。1 000℃时,钠的挥发量显著增加;部分高岭土与方解石分解生成的氧化钙反应生成钙长石,抑制了可溶性钠与高岭土之间的反应。煤中各形态钠的变迁主要发生在热解初期,与挥发分的释放同时进行。提高热解压力对钠的变迁行为没有影响。     

超临界水中聚乙烯油化的研究

采用125mL间歇式高压釜反应器，在超临界水条件下考察了反应温度、反应时间、水/聚乙烯比和水填充率对聚乙烯降解油化的影响。实验结果表明,聚乙烯在超临界水中迅速降解，油收率可达90%以上；随温度从450℃提高到480℃，油收率从91.4％下降到61.7％，气体收率从1.9％提高到27.7％；在450 ℃反应时间从1 min延长到30 min时，油收率略有下降，油品中C7-11组分所占比例增大一倍。水/聚乙烯比和水填充率的增加在一定程度上对聚乙烯的降解起抑制作用。     

也谈钠跟水反应的实验改进

对钠与水反应的实验,我从两方面做了改进:1.用可溶性胶囊把钠块封闭起来,克服了用铝箔包钠块不能浮于水面,且一些反应现象观察不到的缺点。2.用注射器作为反应器,为制得纯净的氢气及氢气的点燃带来了方便。     

水介质中2,6-二甲基苯酚的氧化偶合聚合

聚2,6-二甲基苯醚(PPO)是重要的工程塑料,一般采用在有机溶剂中使2,6-二甲基苯酚(DMP)氧化聚合的方法合成,这就需要溶剂回收装置和防爆反应器,且污染环境.从绿色化学观点出发,以水作为反应介质,不仅对环境友好,而且PPO不溶于水,容易分离.近年来,一些学者研究了在油/水两相或全水介质中使DMP氧化聚合合成PPO的新方法.本文主要综述了该方法的研究进展,包括DMP氧化聚合的机理,油/水两相或水介质中对聚合速率、氧化偶合选择性及PPO分子量等的影响因素.     

油页岩固定床热解反应器中内构件强化作用

在内构件(传热板和中心集气管)外热式固定床反应器中研究了油页岩热解产物生成特性,并与无内构件的相同常规固定床反应器内的油页岩热解行为对比,考察了两反应器中油页岩升温特性、热解产物分布、页岩油品质以及气体产物组成的变化规律.结果表明,内置传热板和中心集气管显著强化了反应器内的传热,相对于无内构件常规固定床反应器,料层升温速率提高了约2倍.对于依兰油页岩,其热解页岩油产率明显提高,最高达11.1 wt%(干燥基),明显高于无构件常规固定床反应器获得的页岩油产率.随着外加热炉温度的升高,内构件固定床反应器的页岩油产率逐渐增加,而无内构件常规固定床反应器的页岩油产率则明显降低.当外加热炉温度为1000℃时,前者页岩油产率是后者的2.3倍,并且内构件固定床反应器的热解水产率较低.两反应器中热解气产物组成相近,其H2与CH4之和占气体总量的70 vol%左右,热值为4406~5400 kcal/Nm3.     

钾遇水反应现象的实验分析

探求钾与水反应现象的本质。实验证明,在敞开体系下,钾与水反应并发生燃烧,燃烧的实质是钾及反应生成的氢气分别在空气中燃烧。在煤油作保护层时,钾与水只反应不燃烧。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定有机颜料中重金属元素

颜料是一类具有装饰和保护双重作用的有色物质,通常是以细微粒子的分散形式应用于涂料、油墨、塑料、橡胶、纺织品、纸张、建材、搪瓷、食品用具等制品中。随着颜料工业的快速发展,颜料的质量安全问题不断显现,特别是颜料中重金属污染问题[1]。无机颜料中重金属检测的前处理方法一般采用湿法消解,而有机颜料难溶于水,无法采用湿法消解,采用干法消解又容易引起铅等元素的不确定性损失。本工作采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.