国内中学化学教育应用SOLO分类理论的研究进展:2006-2014

对2006年至2014年间国内中学化学教育应用SOLO分类理论的46篇文献进行综述。归纳出SOLO分类理论的4个主要应用,分别是分析和编制试题与评分标准,分析高考试题的SOLO层次,指导课堂教学设计和实践,指导化学学习心理实证研究。对SOLO分类理论的4个主要应用均进行了具体地介绍和评述,认为未来应该继续深入地开展相应的理论和实践研究。建议加强中学化学教师对SOLO分类理论的学习,开展关注学生SOLO层次真实情况的实证研究。     

SOLO分类理论在科学探究教学中的应用初探

利用SOLO分类理论分析化学教学目标,指出SOLO分类理论和化学教学目标与思维层次分类都存在一定的对应关系,根据学生思维的发展阶段,应用SOLO分类法确立“科学探究”栏目的主要学习目标,并结合实例探讨SOLO分类理论与科学探究栏目教学的融合。     

SOLO分类理论在高三化学平衡常数复习课教学中的应用

利用SOLO分类理论对高考试题进行能力结构分析,同时对学生在2021年全国甲、乙卷和湖北卷中的作答进行分析,诊断学生在化学反应原理主观题知识模块所处的SOLO水平。对比分析出大多数学生在解答化学反应原理试题的过程中处于多点结构水平,与高考试题呈现的SOLO水平有一定的差距。经访谈分析了不同SOLO水平的学生思维能力的不足之处,制定了高三渐进式复习策略。以化学平衡常数复习课为例,利用SOLO分类理论设计了多层级能力水平的复习内容和不同轮次复习的目标。     

基于SOLO分类理论的高中生化学反应原理学习水平发展研究

基于SOLO分类理论,开发测试工具,测试工具由30道封闭的SOLO试题构成,具有良好的信度和效度。以广东省高二和高三年级的学生为测试对象,对高中生化学反应原理学习水平的发展进行研究。通过一系列的差异性分析发现：(1)总体上,高二和高三年级学生关于化学反应原理的学习水平存在显著性差异,且高中生化学反应原理学习水平呈上升的发展趋势;(2)不同章节上,高二和高三年级学生的学习水平存在差异。同时,提出相应的教学建议。     

SOLO分类法在化学开放性试题评价中的应用初探

针对传统的化学开放性试题评价方式难以反映学生对知识掌握程度的弊端,介绍一种评价方法,即SOLO分类法,又称“可观察的学习成果结构”。SOLO分类法将学生对知识的掌握程度分为由低到高的5个层次,以此来了解学生的认知情况并运用在化学开放性试题的评价中,试图在化学开放性试题的评价方式上有所补充,从而促进化学新课程评价方式改革的完善。     

化学实验报告中“实验反思”的2种评价方法

运用开放试题的质性评价方法PTA量表和SOLO分类理论优化中学生实验报告中的“实验反思”的评价,构建化学实验反思评价的PTA量表与SOLO分类水平,为教师改进批改实验报告和评价学生实验操作提供参考。     

化学教学中引导学生“用教材学”的具体做法

化学教学应以教材为基点,引导学生"用教材学",以提升学生的认知水平,学习分析与解决问题的科学方法,建构化学基本观念。结合教学实践阐述了引导学生"用教材学"的3种具体做法及其意义,包括学案承载设问、探讨图表功能、研析教材内容。     

高中生氧化还原反应理论认知水平对其化学方程式学习影响的研究

采用纸笔测试和出声思维技术对30名高中生氧化还原反应理论认知水平和氧化还原反应方程式学习情况进行了测查。通过对测查数据的分析,得到以下结论：（1）学生单纯靠“记忆”可以记住一些简单的氧化还原反应方程式,但并不能有效地促进学生对复杂化学反应方程式的学习;（2）学生氧化还原反应理论的认知水平,对其简单化学方程式的学习没有显著影响,但对复杂化学方程式的学习会产生显著影响,只有当学生氧化还原反应理论达到理解和应用水平,才能促进其对复杂化学方程式的学习。     

用SOLO分类理论进行必修化学教学设计的一些思考——以苏教版《化学2》“化学反应速率”为例

借助SOLO分类评价理论进行层级分析,使必修阶段化学教学可以兼顾学生基础和目标的差异;以苏教版《化学2》中"化学反应速率"为素材进行了例说。     

化学数字化实验影响学生概念改变的实证研究

选取"离子反应"知识作为研究内容,开展了相关化学数字化实验的教学实践,通过二段式测验工具、SOLO分类法的量化分析,来检测化学数字化实验对学生概念改变的影响。结果显示,化学数字化实验能够在一定程度上促进学生的概念改变。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.