某极低放废物填埋场土壤特性及其锶阻滞性能研究

为了考察某极低放射性废物填埋场土壤对待填埋锶的阻滞性能,对拟建场址开挖土坑进行土壤取样,采用筛分法,静态(间歇)吸附和动态迁移法等方法对所取的土壤样品进行土壤粒径的分布及渗透系数测定,并进行拟建场址土壤对锶分配系数和阻滞系数的研究,结果表明拟建场址土壤为非均质介质特征;渗透系数,纵向弥散度和有效孔隙度表明该拟建场址土壤属于属于亚砂、亚粘土;静态吸附试验的吸附结果表明最大的分配系数值为765.5,动态吸附实验各实验点对锶的阻滞系数最高位300.0;实验结果表明场址需要做进一步的化学工程屏障阻滞锶的迁移以保障填埋场的安全。     

铀在地下水中的化学形态模拟研究

用EQ3/6程序模拟研究了某场址地下水中U的化学形态,并模拟了在不同的pH、温度T、总碳?∑C?浓度、U的浓度ρ(UO22 )等条件下U的化学形态,分析了其化学形态变化规律。结果表明,在该场址地下水中,铀主要以碳酸铀酰络合物形式存在。pH、T、∑C浓度变化对铀的化学形态影响较大。     

场址地下水特征因子对铀锶吸附的影响研究

为了考察某放射性废物填埋场土壤对待填埋的核素铀锶的阻滞性能,对该填埋场土壤及地下水进行取样分析,根据测量的地下水特性参数,在静态条件下,考察了填埋场地下水主要的阴离子SO42-、CO32和阳离子Ca2、Mg2+、Na+、K+对核素铀锶吸附影响,同时结合填埋场地下水的pH和Eh,考察了溶液pH值对核素的吸附影响；结果表明:当pH在2～3之间时,铀的吸附量突然增大,pH在在4～8之间,铀的吸附量明显变化,在pH＞10,吸附量又出现明显减小；当pH＜6和pH＞8后,锶的迁移分配系数(Kd值)明显的增大,而pH在6～8时,Kd值没有明显的变化；阴离子C032-能明显的增加锶在土壤中的吸附,直接表现为Kd值的明显增大,Kd值增加103数量级；阴离子SO42-、CO32-、C2O42-对铀的吸附的影响表现非常明显,随着离子浓度的增加,几种阴离子明显降低了铀在土壤中的吸附,表现为Kd值大大降低,降低的系数在103数量级；阳离子对锶吸附的影响,Ca2+和Mg2+的影响比Na+要强,Ca2+和Mg2+离子浓度在很小的时候就能明显的降低锶的吸附；阳离子对铀吸附的影响,当Ca2+和Mg2+的浓度较低时对铀的吸附影响不大,当Ca2+达浓度大于1280.0μg·L-1,Kd值出现了较为明显的减小.     

H2O和OH在UO(100)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(GCA)的PW91方法结合周期性平板模型,研究了H2O分子和OH在UO(100)表面上的吸附.通过对不同吸附位的吸附能和几何结构参数的计算和比较发现:水分子在UO(100)表面的吸附为化学吸附,水分子平面与UO(100)表面夹角为15°的吸附构型最稳定,吸附能最大,近89 kJ·mol-1.对H2O吸附前后的态密度分析可知,H2O通过其O原子的P轨道与底物U原子的d轨道作用.本文还进一步探讨H2O在UO(100)表面的解离机理.     

碱式碳酸锌对[UO2(CO3)3]4-吸附机理的研究

用吸附法从海水中提铀的研究已引起了广泛的注意,碱式碳酸锌则是常用的吸附材料之一。本文报道用碱式碳酸锌对[UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4-吸附机理的研究结果。从不同碱度的碱式碳酸锌吸附[UO₂(CO₃)₄]^4-中铀的实验,得出在一定的—OH浓度范围内,碱式碳酸锌中—OH含量越高,对[UO₂(CO₂)₃]^4-中铀吸附率越大的结果。同时使用X射线衍射法与红外光谱法,亦对吸附机理进行了初步研究,由此扩大了研制新吸附剂的线索。     

溶剂萃取动力学的研究III. 氯化铀酰在盐酸和磷酸三丁酯之间传质过程

本文采用上升液滴法, 研究了氯化铀酰在盐酸介质和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)之间的传质过程. 在一定浓度的盐酸溶液中, TBP 萃取铀的速率与[U] 成正比; 反萃速率与[U] 成正比, 而与[TBP] 成反比. 在温度为20~40 范围内分别测测定了萃取和反萃反应的活化能, 它们的差值与由萃取平衡分配 温度关胤系测得的焓变相符,可以认为, 萃合物UO2Cl2TBP 的生成和离解都是分步进行的中间 物是CU2Cl2TBP; 萃取速率的控制步骤是UO2Cl22TBP 的生成反应, 而反萃速率     

超分子化合物[UO2Cl4][phenH]2的合成、晶体结构、荧光性质及[UO2Cl4][phenH]2/PVA薄膜的发光性能

水热条件下合成了一种含铀的超分子化合物[UO2Cl4][phenH]2(phen=1,10-邻菲罗啉),进行了X射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、紫外光谱和荧光光谱分析。 晶体结构分析表明,该化合物由2个[phenH]+阳离子和1个阴离子[UO2Cl4]2-组成。 红外光谱和X射线单晶衍射表明,标题化合物的三维框架是由N-H…Cl、C-H…Cl和C-H…O弱氢键相互作用所构建。 中心U原子是六配位,有4个Cl原子和2个O原子。 此外,没参与配位的phen利用氢键和π…π堆积与[UO2Cl4]2-相互作用。 含U原子的阴离子是一种扭曲八面体结构。 利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了化合物的PVA薄膜。 标题化合物和薄膜均有较强的荧光性。CCDC:713149     

甲酸双氧铀的红外多光子离解

本文研究了固相甲酸双氧铀[UO_2(HCOO)_2·H_2O]在TEA CO_2激光作用下的红外多光子离解。测得其中间产物为碱式甲酸双氧铀[UO_2(OH)(HCOO)·H_2O],最终的固体产物主要是八氧化三铀[U_3O_8];并提出了该反应模型。     

铀-钾异核配位聚合物的合成及晶体结构

在水热反应条件下合成了1种新颖的U(Ⅵ)-K异核配位聚合物[UO2K2(pdc)2(H2O)3]n(H2pdc=吡啶-2,6-二羧酸),通过元素分析、红外、紫外光谱及热重对该配合物进行了表征。单晶结构表明:配合物属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群;晶胞参数分别为a=1.888 5(6)nm,b=1.490 0(5)nm,c=0.740 2(2)nm,β=111.104(10)°。中心铀及钾原子通过2个氮原子和6个氧原子与吡啶-2,6-二羧酸配体结合。不同的[UO2K2(pdc)2].3H2O单元通过氧原子桥联组成三维链状配位聚合物。配位聚合物中存在π…π相互作用及氢键作用。     

UO22+对某些细胞毒性的初探

建立了由多种金属离子和小分子配体组成的多相细胞液热力学平衡模型,模拟研究了UO22+在组织液和细胞液的形态。体外培养了SD大鼠成骨细胞和人肾小管上皮细胞,通过体外细胞生长抑制实验探索了UO22+对成骨细胞及肾小管上皮细胞的毒性。研究表明,在细胞液中,当各形态UO22+物质总浓度[U]=8.4×10-6mol/L时,当pH为6.0～6.5时,UO22+主要以固相(UO2)3(PO4)2存在,当pH为6.8～7.5时,UO22+主要以水溶性[UO2(CO3)3]4-存在;当[U]=1.3×10-3mol/L时,在整个细胞液pH范围内,固相(UO2)3(PO4)2占主导地位。体外细胞生长抑制实验表明,UO22+对成骨细胞的生长具有抑制作用,能显著降低肾小管上皮细胞的存活率,具有明显的细胞毒性。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.