[Cu(bpp)2(bpdc)(H2O)2]×2H2O and [Cu(bpp)2](tdc)×7.5H2O的合成、晶体结构和热稳定性

在室温下, 由Cu(NO3)2 、1,3 -二（4 -吡啶基）丙烷(bpp)、4,4 ’ -联苯二甲酸(H2bpdc)和2,5-噻吩二甲酸(H2tdc)制备出两种新型铜( II)配位聚合物[Cu(bpp)2(bpdc)(H2O)2]n·2nH2O, 1 和[Cu(bpp)2]n·n(tdc) 7.5nH2O, 2。两个配位聚合物均为一维线型结构,铜原子均采取变形的八面体结构,在轴线方向上的两个水分子与铜原子存在较弱的配位作用。在配合物1中,两个bpdc羧酸根离子与铜原子配位,而2中的tdc羧酸离子没有与铜原子键合,只是作为反离子平衡电荷。在两个产物中, 配体bpp具有不同的构象。热重分析表明配合物1与2分别在110°C和160°C以下是稳定的。     

Keggin型硅钨酸盐[Cu(dap)_2(H_2O)][Cu(dap)_2][Na(H_2O)_5]H[SiW_(11)CuO_(39)]·H_2O的合成与结构(英文)

在水热条件下,以Na10[A-α-SiW9O34].18H2O、氯化铜、四氮唑乙酸和1,2-丙二胺为原料合成了一种三维有机-无机杂化单铜取代Keggin型硅钨酸盐[Cu(dap)2(H2O)][Cu(dap)2][Na(H2O)5]H[α-SiW11CuO39].H2O(1),并借助元素分析、红外光谱和单晶X射线衍射对其进行了表征.结果表明,化合物1的分子结构片段由1个单铜取代Keggin型多金属氧酸盐单元[α-SiW11CuO39]6-,1个支撑的[Cu(dap)2(H2O)]2+配离子,1个[Cu(dap)2(H2O)]2+桥配离子,1个[Na(H2O)5]+离子和1个结晶水分子组成.在[α-SiW11CuO39]6-单元中,缺位位点完全被一个铜原子占据,而不是被半个铜原子和半个钨原子所占据.值得注意的是,每个分子结构片段与4个邻近相同片段相连构筑有机-无机杂化三维框架.     

没食子酸丙酯Fe(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、表征及模拟超氧化物歧化酶

研究了没食子酸丙酯在水溶液中分别与Fe3+、Cr3+、Cu2+生成没食子酸丙酯-铁(PG-Fe)、没食子酸丙酯-铬(PG-Cr)、没食子酸丙酯-铜(PG-Cu)这3种金属配合物(PG-M)的反应。 通过紫外光谱、核磁共振、红外光谱、质谱、元素分析、摩尔电导率和循环伏安法等测试技术对3种金属配合物进行了表征。 确定3种金属配合物的分子式分别为[C10H10O5]2Fe·H2O、[C10H10O5]3Cr·2H2O、[C10H10O5]2Cu·2H2O。 红外光谱分析表明,中心金属原子与酚羟基发生配位,形成Ar-O-M键。 电化学数据显示,PG-M的抗氧化性优于PG配体,且PG-Cu＞PG-Cr＞PG-Fe。 用改进的核黄素光还原NBT法检测了3种金属配合物的模拟超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。 结果表明,3种金属配合物均有一定的催化歧化超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)活性,均可被称作超氧化物歧化酶活性中心的模拟配合物。     

超分子化合物[Cu(Phen)(C2O4)H2O]·H2O的合成及结构

邻菲罗啉配合物具有良好的光化学、电化学、催化性质和生物活性[1-4],因而引起了人们的极大关注[5-7]。我们利用Phen和K2[Cu(C2O4)2],通过取代反应合成了标题配合物,并对其进行了结构分析,结果表明,中心铜原子处在五配位的变形四方锥环境中,且晶体中结构单元通过分子间氢键形成     

Cu2O/SiC高效催化卤代芳烃与酚类的Ullmann偶联反应

卤代苯与酚类化合物反应制取二芳基醚是现代有机合成中的一个重要反应.传统的二苯醚合成方法是铜催化卤代苯与酚类化合物的Ullmann型C-O偶联反应,但是这种方法需要苛刻的反应条件.后来,人们发现了Pd(0)和Cu(Ⅰ)基催化剂,但是前者成本较高,且需要使用昂贵的配体,因此其应用受到了限制,而铜作为一种成本较低的催化剂受到了越来越多的关注.铜催化剂可以分为均相和非均相两大类.均相铜催化剂使用的是铜盐,并且需要加入配体,成本较高,且不易分离和循环利用.非均相铜催化剂研究较多的是CuO,Cu2O及Cu纳米颗粒,其中Cu2O纳米颗粒催化剂对Ullmann型C-O偶联反应具有很高的催化活性,但是它在潮湿的空气中容易被氧化,因此需要寻找一种合适的载体防止Cu2O纳米颗粒被氧化.SiC具有优良的化学稳定性及导电导热性能,并且作为载体己经成功应用到很多热催化及光催化反应中.本文以高比表面积的SiC为载体,以二乙二醇作为溶剂和还原剂,采用传统的两步液相还原法制备了Cu2O/SiC催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和H2程序升温还原等方法对Cu2O/SiC催化剂进行了表征.SEM和TEM结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均匀分散在SiC表面,同时上述表征结果都表明Cu在SiC上主要以Cu2O的形式存在.将制备的Cu2O/SiC催化剂用于催化卤代芳烃与酚类的Ullmann C-O偶联反应中.以碘苯和苯酚的Ullmann C-O偶联反应为模型实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂、碱的种类及用量和催化剂用量等条件的影响,得到了碘苯与苯酚UllmannC-O偶联反应的最优反应条件为:卤代芳烃14 mmol,酚类14 mmol,1.0当量的Cs2CO3,Cu2O/SiC(5 wt％) 10 mg,四氢呋喃10mL,在Ar气氛下150℃反应3h.在该条件下,二苯醚收率达到97％,转化频率(TOF)高达1136 h-1.Cu2O/SiC催化剂对Ullmann C-O偶联反应具有很好的普适性,并且对Ullmann C-S偶联反应也表现出很高的活性,TOF高达1186h-1.以碘苯和苯酚的Ullmann C-O偶联反应为基准实验,对催化剂的循环稳定性进行了考察.Cu2O/SiC催化剂五次循环后二苯醚的收率从97％降低至64％,这主要是由于活性组分Cu2O的流失所致.     

催化动力学分析法测定痕量铜——Cu(Ⅱ)-噻嗪红R-H_2O_2体系

研究了在氨性介质中,Cu(Ⅱ)催化H_2O_2氧化噻嗪红R的退色反应,据此建立了催化动力学光度测定Cu(Ⅱ)的新方法,方法的线性范围为0.005～0.5μg/25ml。曾应用于水、猪肝和小麦粉标准物质中痕量铜的测定,获得满意结果。     

[Cu(dppp)2](ClO4)的合成、结构和性质

近年来各种磷桥过渡金属双核配合物由于其特殊的结构、新奇的反应性能及催化行为,受到人们的普遍关注,对它们的研究已成为有机金属化学的一个前沿领域.其中双齿膦配体以dppm,dppe最为常见[1],而有关dppp的铜配合物文献报导甚少.Cu(Ⅰ)配合物的合成相对其它过渡金属配合物的合成难度要大,且以往含双膦配体铜配合物的合成大多数是由一价铜盐开始,这样合成的配合物往往不太稳定.本文利用dppp配体的还原性,从二价铜盐开始,探索出一种较为有效的合成铜配合物的方法,并合成了一个含dPPP铜配合物:[Cu(dPPP)2](C1O4),通过元素分析、IR、磁化率、循环伏安、摩尔电导、TG等对其进行了表征,并研究了磁性,测定了[Cu(dppp)2](C1O4)的晶体结构.     

花状Cu2O/Cu的水热合成及其光催化性能

以硝酸铜为前驱体, 不采用任何模板, 通过逐步水热法合成了花状Cu2O/Cu复合纳米材料. 用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对样品进行表征. 结果表明, 花状纳米Cu2O/Cu材料是由长为300-500 nm, 宽为30-70 nm的带状花瓣构成, 在可见光区域有很强的吸收. 复合材料中Cu的含量可以通过反应时间进行调控. 对染料Procion Red MX-5B(PR)的可见光催化降解, Cu能明显提高Cu2O的光催化性能. 当Cu质量分数为27%-71%时, 复合材料Cu2O/Cu的催化活性明显高于单相Cu2O. 与立方体形貌的Cu2O/Cu复合材料相比, 花状纳米Cu2O/Cu复合材料对染料PR有更高的催化降解性能. 且该复合材料有较高的循环回收利用率.     

Cu(phen)Cl_2催化甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯

以CuCl2和邻菲啰啉(phen)为原料,在甲醇和乙醇混合溶剂中制备了Cu(phen)Cl2,采用傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析和H2程序升温还原对其进行了表征,并研究了其在甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应中的催化性能.结果表明,Cu(phen)Cl2不仅具有较高的热稳定性,而且因phen与Cu(Ⅱ)间的σ-π配位作用而具有较高的催化活性.在催化剂浓度0.011mol/L,反应温度150℃,反应压力4.0MPa和p(CO)/p(O2)=19的条件下,生成DMC的转化数(TON)可达51.5.研究还发现,反应存在诱导期,且TON随温度呈"M"形变化,据此提出了新的羰氧化反应机理.     

Cu/AC催化剂在气相氧化羰基化反应中铜状态变化分析

采用活性炭(AC)载体浸渍醋酸铜后热分解制得Cu/AC催化剂,用于催化甲醇直接气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯,通过对反应不同时间的催化剂进行XRD、TEM、H2-TPR、AAS、XPS和O2-TPD等表征,探讨反应过程中铜物种状态的变化规律及其催化性能。结果表明,新鲜催化剂中铜物种以单质Cu形式存在;进行反应后,单质Cu吸附反应气氛中的O2并转化为晶格氧生成Cu2O物种,反应4 h时,催化剂表面主要为分散均匀、粒径较小的Cu2O,为反应的进行提供活性组分和晶格氧,表现出较好的催化活性;随着反应继续进行,催化剂中Cu2O晶粒长大,并被表面吸附氧进一步氧化为CuO,Cu2O含量减少,CuO含量增加,同时铜物种发生了较严重的团聚现象,导致催化剂活性下降。     

Effect of Surfactant Microenvironment on SOD-like Activity of Cu(II)-Salicylate Complex

Cu(II)-salicylate was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The reaction mechanism of the Cu(II) complex with superoxide anion was studied by ESR spectroscopy, and its (superoxide dismutase) SOD-like activity was determined by a modified illumination method in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.8), micelle solutions and lamellar liquid crystals formed from surfactants CTAB and TX-100. X-ray diffraction indicated that the Cu(II) complex had a formula Cu₂(Hsal)₄EtOHH₂O and a similar structure to the SOD active site. EPR spectra proved that the reaction mechanism of the Cu(II) complex catalyzing O ₂ ^.- dismutation was the same as that of the proposed dismutation reaction catalyzed by SOD. Results obtained by the NBT method indicated that the Cu(II)-complex showed SOD-like activity, and the effect of microenvironment created by surfactants on its activity was same as on SOD activity. The order of the inhibition of NBT reduction by the Cu(II)-complex in different microenvironments was: in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.8) > in TX-100 micelle > in TX-100 liquid crystal, and in nonionic TX-100 organized assemblies > in cationic CTAB organized assemblies. These results were explained by the catalytic effect of micelles, and by the space restriction and high viscosity of organized assemblies of surfactants.     

The effect of step geometry in copper oxidation by hyperthermal O2 molecular beam: Cu(511) vs Cu(410)

Steps are known to be often the active sites for the dissociation of O(2) molecules and the nucleation sites of oxide films since they provide paths for subsurface migration and oxygen incorporation. In order to unravel the effect of their morphology on the oxidation of Cu surfaces, we present here a detailed investigation of the O(2) interaction with Cu(511) and compare it with previous results for Cu(410), a surface exhibiting terraces of similar size and geometry but different step morphology. As for Cu(410) we find, by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy performed with synchrotron radiation, that Cu(2)O formation gradually starts above half a monolayer oxygen coverage and that the ignition of oxidation can be lowered to room temperature by dosing O(2) via a supersonic molecular beam at hyperthermal energy. The oxidation rate for Cu(511) comes out to be lower than for Cu(410) at normal incidence, about the same when the O(2) molecules impinge towards the ascending step rise, but higher when they hit the surface along trajectories even slightly inclined towards the descending step rise. These findings can be rationalized by a collision induced absorption mechanism.     

Unusual physical and chemical properties of Cu in Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) oxides

The structural and electronic properties of Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) nano systems prepared by a reverse microemulsion method were characterized with synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and density functional calculations. The Cu atoms embedded in ceria had an oxidation state higher than those of the cations in Cu(2)O or CuO. The lattice of the Ce(1)(-x)Cu(x)O(2) systems still adopted a fluorite-type structure, but it was highly distorted with multiple cation-oxygen distances with respect to the single cation-oxygen bond distance seen in pure ceria. The doping of CeO(2) with copper introduced a large strain into the oxide lattice and favored the formation of O vacancies, leading to a Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2-y) stoichiometry for our materials. Cu approached the planar geometry characteristic of Cu(II) oxides, but with a strongly perturbed local order. The chemical activities of the Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) nanoparticles were tested using the reactions with H(2) and O(2) as probes. During the reduction in hydrogen, an induction time was observed and became shorter after raising the reaction temperature. The fraction of copper that could be reduced in the Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) oxides also depended strongly on the reaction temperature. A comparison with data for the reduction of pure copper oxides indicated that the copper embedded in ceria was much more difficult to reduce. The reduction of the Ce(1-x)Cu(x)O(2) nanoparticles was rather reversible, without the generation of a significant amount of CuO or Cu(2)O phases during reoxidation. This reversible process demonstrates the unusual structural and chemical properties of the Cu-doped ceria materials.     

Cu(111)面上糠醇加氢生成2-甲基呋喃的反应机理

采用广义梯度近似的密度泛函理论并结合平板模型的方法,详细研究了糠醇在Cu(111)面上反应生成2-甲基呋喃的反应历程,优化了糠醇在Cu(111)面的吸附模型,并采用完全线性同步和二次同步变换的方法,对三种可能的反应机理中的各反应步骤进行了过渡态搜索.结果表明,糠醇主要通过支链上OH与Cu(111)面相互作用,易形成ψCH2和ψCH2O中间体(ψ代表呋喃环).糠醇进一步加氢机理很可能为:引入的氢物种明显降低了糠醇分解形成的中间体ψCH2的活化能,并促进了它的形成;中间体ψCH2更易从糠醇中获得H而生成2-甲基呋喃.该过程的控速步骤为ψCH2O*→ψCHO*+H*,活化能为199.0kJ/mol,总反应是2ψCH2OH=ψCH3+ψCHO+H2O.     

A study on Cu2Co2SOD and Co2Co2SOD by voltammetry and thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry

The electrochemistry of Co(2)Co(2)SOD and Cu(2)Co(2)SOD on a pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) without using mediators was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The reversible and quasi-reversible voltammetric responses were observed for Co(2)Co(2)SOD and Cu(2)Co(2)SOD, respectively. Their formal redox potentials and electron numbers involved in electrode reactions were obtained, and are in agreement with those by spectroelectrochemistry (SEC).     

Enantioselective surface chemistry of R-2-bromobutane on Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S

The enantioselective surface chemistry of chiral R-2-bromobutane was studied on the naturally chiral Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S surfaces by comparing relative product yields during temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy. Molecularly adsorbed R-2-bromobutane can desorb molecularly or debrominate to form R-2-butyl groups on the surfaces. The R-2-butyl groups react further by beta-hydride elimination to form 1- or 2-butene or by hydrogenation to form butane. Temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy was used to quantify the relative yields of the various reaction products. At low coverages of R-2-bromobutane on Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S, the surface chemistry is not enantioselective. At monolayer coverage, however, the product yields indicate that the R-2-bromobutane decomposition reaction rates are sensitive to the handedness of the two chiral surfaces. The impact of surface structure on enantioselectivity was examined by studying the chemistry of R-2-bromobutane on both Cu(643)R&S and Cu(531)R&S. The selectivity of R-2-bromobutane desorption versus debromination is enantiospecific and differs significantly from Cu(643) to Cu(531). The selectivity of the R-2-butyl reaction by beta-hydride elimination versus hydrogenation is only weakly enantiospecific and is similar on both the Cu(643) and Cu(531) surfaces. These results represent the first quantitative observations of enantioselectivity in reactions with well-known mechanisms probed using a simple adsorbate on naturally chiral metal surfaces.     

复合氧化物催化剂(Cu)CeO2上硝基苯加氢反应的研究

 基于用FT－IR表征H2与硝基苯在催化剂（Cu）CeO2上的吸附和反\r\n应行为，对硝基苯加氢反应进行了研究．结果表明，氢在催化剂表面的\r\n吸附主要为解离吸附，硝基苯的吸附也主要为化学吸附；两种吸附物种\r\n在催化剂上进行表面反应生成易脱附的苯胺，避免了产物与反应物间的\r\n竞争吸附，有利于反应物完全转化．在（Cu）CeO2催化剂上，硝基苯加\r\n氢反应机理为朗格缪尔－欣谢伍德型，即表面反应为控制步骤．     

铜(Ⅱ)及其多胺螯合物催化抗坏血酸有氧氧化动力学

抗坏血酸与自由钢(Ⅱ)及其多胺螯合物不发生直接的氧化还原反应。铜(Ⅱ)与抗坏血酸有络合作用。螯合齿数大于2的铜(Ⅱ)-多胺螯合物对抗坏血酸的有氧氧化无催化活性。当配位数为2时, 铜(Ⅱ)-乙二胺的1:1螯合物的催化反应符合酶催化动力学。自由铜(Ⅱ)催化反应对铜(Ⅱ)及抗坏血酸均显一级。实验结果说明钢(Ⅱ)在催化抗坏血酸有氧氧化时, 只能有2个配位位置被占据。其它位置必须是空位或容易被取代。实验事实支持三元络合物形成的机制。     

合成气(CO+H~2)在Ni, Cu及Ni-Cu合金上甲烷化反应的键级守恒法能学研究

将键级守恒-Morse势方法应用于合金体系, 作了部分修正。通过与Ni(100), Cu(100)比较, 研究了NiCu(100)上合成气甲烷化反应活性。表明, 因Cu的加入, NiCu上甲烷化反应活性较Ni上显著降低, 并通过CO在Ni上解离形成的积碳现象给予了解释。此外, 还考察了甲烷化反应的速控步骤, 及因解离物种可能在表面上的沉积使表面有所改性, 从而影响CO甲烷化表面反应的活性。