自支撑镍纳米线阵列电极的制备及电催化性能

采用低熔点合金和多孔聚碳酸酯模板辅助制备了自支撑镍纳米线阵列电极,并研究了其催化肼电氧化的性能. SEM,XRD和TEM测试结果表明,该电极由镍平板和支撑在其上的镍纳米线阵列构成;镍纳米线的絮状表面增加了电极的比表面积.循环伏安和计时电位测试结果表明,当肼的浓度为24. 6 mmol/L时,该电极的起始氧化电位低至-0. 25 V,氧化电流密度高达163 m A/cm~2;当肼浓度较低时,肼电氧化反应和电极自身的Ni(OH)_2/NiOOH转化反应共存;当肼浓度较高时,仅发生肼电氧化反应;肼的反应分级数约为1,反应活化能为16. 13～21. 24 kJ/mol;镍纳米线阵列电极的一体化、开放式结构使其电催化性能明显优于商业镍片和泡沫镍,并表现出良好的稳定性.     

镍修饰WO3膜光电化学氧化水的研究

在强碱性溶液中低电压低电流条件下在W基底上经阳极氧化得到致密WO3层,而后在酸性条件下在WO3表面经光辅助电化学还原沉积镍,所获得的复合电极具有优异的光电化学氧化水的活性和稳定性.SEM,EDX,XPS和TEM等表征表明复合电极中具有体心立方结构的W基底经阳极氧化形成了具有单斜结构的WO3层,表面修饰的镍物种以Ni(OH)2形式存在.光电化学实验表明WO3层对可见光具有良好的光响应,表面修饰镍后,光电氧化水的起始电位显著降低,电极的稳定性也得以提高.     

镍纳米线电极的电化学氧化还原行为及其对乙醇的电化学氧化催化作用

镍电极;电池;电催化;镍纳米线电极的电化学氧化还原行为及其对乙醇的电化学氧化催化作用     

镍电极表面吸附的苯并咪唑电化学SERS研究

利用电化学循环伏安和极化曲线,考察了镍电极在不同浓度苯并咪唑（BMIH）-乙腈体系的缓蚀效果. 结果表明,随着缓蚀剂BIMH浓度的增加,其氧化电位正移,且氧化电流降低,腐蚀电位正移. 调制电位下测试镍电极表面BMIH吸附的现场表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）. 随电位正移,BIMH可在镍电极表面吸附成膜,与金属镍生成配合物,阻止镍电极的腐蚀. 并考察了不同浓度BIMH的成膜行为. 结果发现,0.001 mol·L^-1 BIMH即可在镍电极表面成膜,这表明非水乙腈体系的镍表面,BMIH有较佳的缓蚀效果.     

电化学方法获得具有表面增强拉曼活性镍电极的研究

利用纯电化学手段获得了具有较强表面增强拉曼活性的镍电极, 改进了原有的镍电极表面预处理方法. 结果表明, 在0.5 mol/L的NaClO4溶液中, 结合电化学阶跃技术和循环伏安技术, 可以得到合适的粗糙镍电极; 同时, 还得到了探针分子吡啶在该粗糙镍电极表面随电极电位变化的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS), 此时谱峰强度获得了极大的增强; 还研究了粗糙镍电极的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像, 并估算出其SERS增强因子约为104, 此结果比以前的镍电极表面粗糙方法所能达到的增强因子高一个数量级.     

镍纳米线电极对乙醇的电催化氧化动力学参数的测定

循环伏安实验表明,以多孔氧化铝膜为模板制备出的镍纳米线电极对乙醇的电化学催化氧化具有很高的催化活性.用强制对流流体动力学的方法求算出乙醇在镍纳米线电极上的电子传递过程的速率常数高于许多文献报导值,而电子传递过程的随后步骤的速率常数相近.     

应用镍超微电极的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术研究

镍（Ni）电极在电化学中应用广泛。原位表征Ni电极表面的吸附物种有益于帮助理解电极反应历程、指导发展高效电催化剂。应用超微电极作为工作电极的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱技术结合了超微电极表面的传质特性和分子水平的高灵敏度表征,是研究Ni电化学的有力手段。本文所述的研究工作通过在金（Au）超微电极表面电吸附具有SERS活性的Au纳米粒子并恒电流沉积金属Ni薄层,制备并表征了具有SERS活性的Ni超微电极。在氢氧化钠溶液中的循环伏安实验和以4-甲基苯硫酚分子作为探针分子的SERS实验结果表明,沉积速率和沉积电量是影响超微电极表面Ni的覆盖度和SERS活性的关键因素。在吸附了直径为55 nm Au纳米粒子的、直径为10 μm Au的超微电极表面,以100 μA·cm^-2电流密度电沉积厚度约为5个原子层Ni的条件下,可获得Ni覆盖完好的、具有最强SERS活性的Ni超微电极。     

硫脲对镍电沉积的作用

应用循环伏安和阻抗＿电位法研究了硫脲(TU)对玻碳电极和镀镍玻碳电极上镍沉积过程的影响.结果表明,在玻碳电极上镍的电沉积呈现明显的电化学成核机理,而在镀镍玻碳电极上则无此特征.TU的存在虽阻碍了Ni晶核的形成,但却能加速晶粒的生长.     

镍铜合金立方体纳米晶的脉冲电沉积及电催化析氢性能

以泡沫镍(NF)为基体, 采用常规脉冲伏安法合成了独立分相的金属Ni, Cu为主晶相、 平均粒径为70 nm的规则立方体结构镍铜合金电催化剂(NiCu/NF). 在电催化析氢反应中, NiCu/NF表现出优良的催化活性和优异的催化稳定性, 在电流密度为10 mA/cm ²时, 在1.0 mol/L KOH溶液中需要的析氢过电位仅为86 mV, 催化24 h的电位波动仅为12 mV. 二级复合纳米立方体结构使NiCu/NF展现出15.5倍于空白NF的电化学活性面积(ECSA), 为电催化反应提供了大量催化活性位点, 也为电极表面的电荷传输、 物质传递提供了充足的通道; Cu的引入以及NiO/Ni异质结的形成改善了邻近Ni原子的活性, 使镍基材料本征析氢活性得以改善, 三者协同促进了NiCu/NF电催化活性的提升. NiCu/NF电极在析氢过程中遵循Volmer-Heyrovsky机理, 反应速率由电极表面吸附氢原子的电化学脱附过程决定.     

LiCl-KCl熔盐体系中镨(Ⅲ)在镍电极上的电化学行为

采用循环伏安、方波伏安、计时电位和开路计时电位等电化学方法研究了Pr(Ⅲ)离子在共晶LiClKCl熔盐中Ni电极上的电化学行为及Pr-Ni合金化机理.结果表明,Pr(Ⅲ)离子的电化学还原过程为三电子转移的一步反应.与惰性Mo电极上的循环伏安曲线相比,Pr(Ⅲ)离子在活性Ni电极的循环伏安曲线上还出现了4对氧化还原峰,表明Pr(Ⅲ)离子在Ni电极上发生欠电位沉积,是由于生成不同的Pr-Ni金属间化合物.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪等对恒电位电解的产物进行了表征.结果表明,在不同电位下进行恒电位电解时,每个电位上只得到一种Pr-Ni金属间化合物,分别为Pr Ni2,Pr Ni3,Pr2Ni7和Pr Ni5.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.